2018-12-13 三国两晋南北朝

Following the four hundred years of Han rule, there came another four centuries which may be termed the Period of Disunity (A.D.221-589), during much of which China was usually divided between a series of short-lived dynasties in the south, and another series of equally short dynasties in the north. Several of the latter were ruled by non-Chineses nomadic groups, who during thies perid succeeded in forcing their way past the Great Wall. For the Chinese people as a whole there centruies, sometimes referred to as China's dark ages, were one of frequent suffering. Culturally, nevertheless, they were outstanding in many ways, and philosophically they were marked by the temporary eclipse of Confucianism, and the dominance of Neo-Taoism and Buddhism.
两汉四百年统治之后，继之而来的四百年也许可以称之为分裂时期（公元221至589年）。在这四个世纪的大部分时间里，中国南方分裂为许多统治时间不长的小国，北方也同样分裂成这样的一批小国。有些北朝的小国由非汉族的游牧民族组成，却跨越长城，在长城以南建立了国家。过去中国历史上，把这一时期看作“五胡乱华”，看作“黑暗时期”，因为民众遭受了许多苦难。但在文化上，这是非常杰出的时期。在哲学上，儒家思想暂时消沉，代之而起的是新道家和佛家思想。