Social Relations
To criticize someone is to point out their faults or mistakes.
Some people appreciate constructive criticism, which can help them develop their skills.
译文：批评某人就是指出他们的错误。有些人喜欢建设性的批评，这可以帮助他们提升技能。
Exercise:
1. Learning how to provide and take constructive criticism is an important skill.
To praise someone is to let them know that they have done a good job.
Some people expect to be praised when they have performed well.
译文：赞扬某人就是让他们知道他们做得很好。有些人希望在表现好的时候得到表扬。
Exercise:
1. It’s important not to praise people when they haven’t done a good enough job.
To apologize to someone is to admit that you have done something wrong or hurtful.
One way to apologize is to say you are sorry.
If your apology isn't accepted, it means the person hasn't forgiven you.
译文：向某人道歉就是承认你做了错事或伤害他人的事。道歉的一种方式是说对不起。如果你的道歉没有被接受，那就意味着那个人没有原谅你。
Exercise:
1. If someone rejects your apology, it means they haven’t forgiven you.
2. To forgive someone is to accept their apology.
To order people to do something means to use your power or position to get them to do it.
Many people dislike being ordered to do things.
In many cases, it's better to make a request than order someone to do something.
译文：命令别人做事意味着利用你的权力或地位让别人去做事。许多人不喜欢被命令做事。在许多情况下，提出请求比命令某人做事更好。
Exercise:
1. If someone doesn’t follow orders, he or she may be punished.
To encourage someone is to support their efforts and help build their confidence.
A good teacher encourages students to do their best.
To discourage someone is to take away their confidence.
译文：鼓励某人就是支持他们所做的努力，帮助他们建立信心。好老师鼓励学生尽力而为。使人泄气就是让他们失去信心。
Exercises:
1. It’s discouraging to work for someone who never shows appreciation for your hard work.
2. To take away someone's confidence means "to discourage".
3. A nice way to communicate or order is to phrased as "a request".
4. To admit that you have done something wrong or hurtful is to apologize.
5. If you have done a good job, you can expect to be praised.
6. To point out the mistakes in someone's work is to criticize.
7. An example of a request: (A)
A. "Could I have some tea?"
B. "Get me some tea."
C. "You had better get me some tea."
8. Some people expect to be praised when they have performed well.
9. To encourage someone is to support their efforts and help build their confidence.
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. Knowing when and how to praise someone is an important skill.
2. One way to apologize is to say you are sorry.
3. A good teacher encourages students to do their best.
4. Some people are discouraged if they don't receive respect or recognition for their work.
5. A boss may use a request instead of a command as a way to show respect to an employee.
Science Vocaluary
There are many different cycles in nature, such as the cycle of seasons.
A cycle is a series of events that repeat, such as the daily cycle of light and dark.
译文：自然界有许多不同的周期，例如季节的周期。一个周期是一系列重复的事件，例如昼夜日常循环。
Exercise:
1. The time it takes for a cycle to repeat itself it its period.
To evolve means to change or improve over a period of time.
In biology, the theory of evolution says that advanced life forms, such as humans, have evolved from lower forms of life.
译文：进化是指在一段时间内改变或改进。在生物学中，进化论认为高级生命形式，如人类，是从较低级生命形式演变而来的。
Exercise:
1. Life forms evolve because they have to adapt in order to survive.
A force of attraction brings two objects closer together, such as the force of gravity.
A force of repulsion pushes two objects away from each other, such as the force between two electrons.
译文：吸引力使两个物体靠得更近，例如重力。排斥力使两个物体相互排斥，例如两个电子之间的力。
Exercise:
1. Gravity is a force of attraction between two objects with mass.
To transform means to change from one form into another.
A transformation occurs when an object takes on a new appearance or structure.
译文：蜕变是指从一种形式变成另一种形式。当一个物体呈现新的外观或结构时，就会发生蜕变。
Exercise:
1. Over a period of time, the process of evolution can transform the appearance of species of life.
To inherit something means to get it without having to ask or work for it.
A child from a very rich family may inherit a lot of money.
译文：继承某物意味着无需请求或努力就能得到它。富人家的孩子可能会继承很多钱。
Exercises:
1. Eye and hair color are inherited traits.
2. To change or improve over a period of time means to evolve.
3. To change from one form into another means to transform.
4. To receive something without having to work for it means to inherit.
5.— What kind of force brings things together?
— A force of attraction
6.— What is a series of events that repeat itself?
— A cycle
7. A good leader can transform an unsuccessful company into a successful one by changing how it is organized.
8. A force of attraction brings two objects closer together, such as the force of gravity.
9. Put the sentences below in order:
(1) There are many different kinds of forces.
(2) There are forces of attraction, such as the force between positive and negative electric charges.
(3) For example, two objects with the same electric charge will repel each other.
(4) There are also forces of repulsion.
Correct Order: (1) (2) (4) (3)
Repeat & Read Sentences:
1. There are many different cycles in nature, such as the cycle of seasons.
2. Life forms evolve because they have to adapt in order to survive.
3. If two people are attracted to each other, they want to be together.
4. A force of attraction brings two objects closer together, such as the force of gravity.
5. A good leader can transform an unsuccessful company into a successful one by changing how it is organized.