mysql安装和备份脚本的书写

mysql安装很大一部分参考了田逸写的《互联网运营智慧》，感谢田老师写这么好的书。田逸老师的博客：http://sery.blog.51cto.com/

环境：centos5.5 i386 +mysql 5.1.55

  tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.55.tar.gz
  cd mysql-5.1.55
  groupadd mysql
  useradd mysql -g mysql 

  mysql安装在/usr/local/mysql目录下 数据放在/data/mysql_db 下 增加utf8，gbk支持 以线程模式运行 如果想以后用innodb 引擎 编译参数增加 --with-plugins=innobase 
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/data/mysql_db --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gb2312,gbk --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
   或者选择下面的编译方式，对mysql编译进行了优化，参考了简朝阳的编译方法

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-debug --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --localstatedir=/data/mysql_db --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gb2312,gbk --with-pthread

  make
  make install
  cd  /usr/local/mysql
  chown -R mysql .
  chgrp -R mysql .

 初始化数据库
  bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
  chown -R root .
  cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf(到mysql编译目录执行）
  echo /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/lib  >>/etc/ld.so.conf
  ldconfig
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &（启动mysql）
  ps -ef|grep mysql

  更改mysql root密码为mysql
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin  -uroot password mysql
  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
添加mysql开机自启动 

echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &" >>/etc/rc.d/rc.local
  停止方法：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

mysql默认安装后不允许远程访问，更改如下
 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
use mysql;
select user,host from user;
delete from user where user="";
select user,host from user;
delete from user where user="root" and host="127.0.0.1";
select user,host from user;
update user set host="%" where user="root";

 更改mysql root密码为mysql
update user set password=password("mysql") where user="root";
select user,host from user; 直到只有root， host为"%"一条记录为止。否则继续delete from user where……
flush privileges;

修改mysql某些默认选项：
[root@server mysql-5.1.55]# more /etc/my.cnf |sed -n '/^#/!p'

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8 （需要增加）

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
default-character-set=utf8 （需要增加）
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'  （需要增加）
max_connections=1000          （需要增加）
ft_min_word_len=1               （需要增加）

thread_concurrency = 8

log-bin=mysql-bin
expire_logs_days= 7          （需要增加）
binlog_format=mixed

server-id       = 1

 

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

变更更改并查看

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin  -uroot -p shutdown
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
show variables like "character_set_%";

mysql> show variables like "character_set_%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                  |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                   |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                   |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                   |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                 |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                   |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                   |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                   |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2 完全备份脚本编写：

 每天对每个数据库都进行完全备份,备份成单个文件。备份到/data/mysqlback/执行脚本的日期/下，名称为：数据库名称.sql

#!/bin/bash

#mysql_back.sh:backup mysql databases

riqi=$(date +'%Y%m%d')

mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql

mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump

backdir=/data/mysqlback

mkdir -p /data/mysqlback/$riqi
#show all database

all_db="$($mysql  -uroot -pmysql -Bse 'show databases'|grep -v information_schema)"
for db in $all_db
 do
 $mysqldump --opt -uroot -pmysql $db --default-character-set=utf8 >$backdir/$riqi/$db.sql

done

echo "backup finished"
 

增加计划任务,每天凌晨三点对数据库进行完全备份。

crontab -e

0 3 * * *  sh /data/myscripts/mysql_back.sh

结尾附上阿里巴巴dba简朝阳编译方法：

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \
--without-debug \
--without-bench \
--enable-thread-safe-client \
--enable-assembler \
--enable-profiling \
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-charset=latin1 \
--with-extra-charset=utf8,gbk \
--with-innodb \
--with-csv-storage-engine \
--with-federated-storage-engine \
--with-mysqld-user=mysql \
--without-embedded-server \
--with-server-suffix=-community \
--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/sock/mysql.sock

附上mysql授权命令：

grant all privileges on *.* to mysqlbackup@'192.168.1.2' identified by 'mysql2';
flush privileges;