httpd-2.4编译安装及新特性详解

安装环境

1. 系统环境：CentOS 6.5-x86_64

2. 所需软件包：

   1. apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2

   2. apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2

   3. httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2

3. 下载地址：

   1. http://apr.apache.org/

   2. http://httpd.apache.org/

安装步骤

1. 注：httpd-2.4版本依赖于更高版本（1.5版本以上）的apr和apr-util；apr全称为apache portable runtime，能实现httpd跨平台运行

2. 解决依赖关系

   yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"  # 安装开发包组，包括gcc,automake等
   yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" # 安装开发包组
   yum -y install pcre-devel # 兼容Perl的正则表达式库

3. 编译安装apr-1.5.0

   tar xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
   cd apr-1.5.0
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
   make && make install

4. 编译安装apr-util-1.5.3

   tar xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2
   cd apr-util-1.5.3
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/
   make && make install

5. httpd编译安装

tar xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2
cd httpd-2.4.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd249 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --enable-deflate --with-z --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event
make && make install
# 各编译参数详解
--prefix：#安装路径
--sysconfdir：#指定配置文件路径
--enable-so：#DSO兼容，DSO=Dynamic Shared Object，动态共享对象，可实现模块动态生效
--enable-ssl：#支持SSL/TLS，可以实现https访问
--enable-cgi：#支持CGI脚本（默认对非线程的MPM模式开启）
--enable-rewrite：#启用Rewrite功能
--enable-deflate：#支持压缩
--with-z：#使用指定的zlib库，不指定路径会自动寻找
--with-pcre：#使用指定的PCRE库，不指定路径会自动寻找
--with-apr：#指定apr安装路径
--with-apr-util：#指定apr-util安装路径
--enable-modules：#支持动态启用的模块，可选参数有“all”，“most”，“few”，“reallyall”
--enable-mpms-shared：#支持动态加载的MPM模块，可选“all”
--with-mpm：#设置默认启用的MPM模式

后续配置

           i.修改httpd的主配置文件，设置其Pid文件的路径

# vi /etc/httpd249/httpd.conf
PidFile  "/var/run/httpd.pid"

           ii.导出头文件

ln -sv /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/httpd

           iii.导出man手册

vi /etc/man.config
    MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man  # man文件在apache安装目录下哦

           iv.编写服务脚本(因是编译安装，不会自动生成服务脚本)

# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \
#        HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
    return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
     echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
     killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
     RETVAL=$?
     echo
     [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=$?
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
    start;;
stop)
    stop;;
status)
    status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
    RETVAL=$?;;
restart)
    stop
    start;;
condrestart)
    if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
        stop
        start
    fi;;
reload)
    reload;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
    $apachectl $@
    RETVAL=$?;;
*)
    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
    exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

启动服务并测试

# 为服务脚本赋予执行权限：
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
# 加入服务列表：
chkconfig --add httpd
# 启动服务
service httpd start

浏览器访问：http://Server_IP/   # 显示“It works”，即表示httpd服务启动成功

httpd 2.4新特性说明

1. 新增特性

   1. MPM支持在运行时装载

   2. 支持event MPM类型

   3. 支持异步读写

   4. 在每模块及每目录上指定日志级别

   5. 每请求配置：<If>，<Elseif>

   6. 增强版的表达式分析器

   7. 毫秒级的keepalive timeout

   8. 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令

   9. 支持使用自定义变量

2. 新增模块

   1. mod_proxy_fcgi

   2. mod_ratelimit

   3. mod_request

   4. mod_remoteip

3. 修改

   1. 对于基于IP的访问控制做了修改，不再支持使用order, allow, deny这些机制，而是统一使用require进行

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