雅思英语----写作观点表达（一）

目录

（1）犯罪话题

（2）压力的来源

（3）人口老龄化

（4）接受教育

（5）房屋问题

1.保护老建筑

2.住房紧缺

---

雅思写作观点用在核心段的逻辑：

观点表述+举例：
It is evident that living a simple life makes great contributions to combating environmental challenges. For example, if people choose to spend holidays at home reading a classic novel rather than having a trip abroad, they will help reduce greenhouse gases emitted by the flights and vehicles used during their journeys. Similarly, instead of pursuing the latest fashion trend, people who purchase clothes and shoes moderately contribute to saving the resources used for production and reducing theamount of rubbish.

观点表述+原因+举例：
On the other hand, these benefits do have a potential cost with regard to loss of privacy, This is because everything that internet users do is recorded by companies such as Google and Facebook, and there is not much that the typical user can do to prevent it. For example, internet users should bear in mind that all of their emails and searches are saved, and that Google might know more about their activities than their families do. As far as Facebook is concerned, its users seem happy to reveal the identities of their friends and families, as well as their daily activities, even though this private information is stored definitely, If it fell into the wrong hands, it could represent a real threat to people's freedom and privacy.

观点表述+（反向假设）+举例：

Some people insist that they should be allowed the freedom to make noise when they want to. If making noise were completely prohibited,there would be a lack of effective ways to express emotions in people's daily live. For example, when watching an important sports game such as the NBA finals, people cannot help shouting with excitement or anger at their favorite team's winning or losing the game. Even though such noiseis annoying to other family members or the neighbours living next door, it is understandable that people need such an outlet to enhance their happiness or reduce sadness.

抽象结果表述+具体阐述+举例/进一步说明：

Another signiticant advantage is that the buyer can have more controlover the process. Price comparison websites make it easier to find bargains, shopping can be done at any time of the day or night, and shoppers can browse for as long as they like without pressure from sales assistants. This means that shoppers can become more astute and knowledgeable about the products they are buying. Because of the greater competition involved in trading within a large market, sellers may have to improve the quality of their products.

两个以上的分论点阐述：

On the one hand, from the perspective of some optimists, there may be great benefits to contact alien life forms. 1). It is likely that our neighbours in space would lend us their far more advanced technologies to solve a seriesof problems on the Earth. For example, environmental pollution could be eradicated and life-threatening diseases could be cured if we could be technologically improved by our alien firiends. 2). What is more, with their assistance, human beings may be able to make a significant step forward to live on other planets. This means that we would no longer be afraid of facing any catastrophe that might destroy our home planet.

还可以用：

Firstly，In addition/Secondly        on the one hand, on the other hand

Holding the Olympic Games allows the host country to reap benefits in terms of economic growth and public health, With regard to the former, millions of people are attracted to the host county to watch world-class sports games and to experience the local culture, both of which bring in billions of dollars in cash and create a large number of job opportunities. The other contribution made by hosting this international event is that an interest in sports will be developed in the public as the government builds more sports facilities and introduces knowledge of various sports. As a result, they would become more physically active and the level of health in the general population could be improved.

（1）犯罪话题

原因：

1.国家没有好的福利系统

One reason why some people commit crime is that they do not have a job or any source of income. If the country does not have a good benefits system, they will not be able to maintain a basic standard of living. They have to commit crimes, such as robberies, theft or selling drug, to get money to make aliving.

2.贫富差距大

The widening gap between rich and poor may also lead to some criminal activity as people feel unfair and resentful. The country lacks income - redistribution policies to support those with low incomes by redistributing part of the upper class’s wealth. Disadvantaged people feel hopeless, as they struggle with basic needs. They may commit offences, such as damaging public properties, to vent their anger.

3.孩子没有得到良好的教育

One main reason is that people do not have access to education and they do not know behavioral norms. They may be from deprived backgrounds and unaware of what is right or wrong behavior. They may leave school early without attending lessons to learn about laws. They do not know what consequences they will have to face if they break the law, or underestimate the consequences of committing crimes.

解决方法：

1.教育        

The most desirable preventative measure against crime is possibly education, as schools improve skills and impart the code of conduct. Children can have a good understanding of acceptable and desirable behavior, learning from school rules, textbooks and instructions of teachers. More importantly, well-educated people can find a satisfying job easily, if they achieve high grades at school and gain a university degree. If they live comfortably, they will never think of committing crime.

2.社区服务，提升责任感

Community service is possibly a solution to crime as it fosters a sense of responsibility and minimizes the consequences of a criminal record on one's career. This is ideal for first-time offenders, law-breakers under the age of 18 and those who commit petty crimes. By doing unpaid work for community, such as cleaning streets and removing graffiti（涂鸦）, they will develop a sense of pride as meaningful members of community. Meanwhile, this kind of punishment does not threaten their career as they can still attend school and find work like law-abiding citizens. This can prevent re-offending.

3.刑罚

A prison sentence can be an effective way to reduce crime, as it can serve as a deterrent for those would be law-breakers. The likelihood of losing freedom can make people think twice before violating laws. Some of them will not risk spending a number of months in jail without living a normal life, thereby choosing to obey laws.

4.提升保护措施

The improvement of security measures is another method to fight crime. The increase in surveillance cameras can deter people from breaking laws, as their images caught by cameras are used as evidence for successful prosecution. If more police officers patrol on streets, especially when equipped with weapons, it can also have a deterrent effect on offenders. People would understand that they cannot get away with the offences they commit.

（2）压力的来源

原因：

1.失业率高

Unemployment and financial difficulties can put strain on people, especially in tough economic times.

2.科技发展快

Technology is changing rapidly. People are pressured to increase new knowledge and keep up with the modern world.

3.注重物质财富，喜欢攀比

People are increasingly money-oriented and obsessed with material possessions. They tend to worklong hours. This can put them under pressure.

4.时间管理有问题，拖延

Poor time management skills can be a cause of stress as well. People feel stressed out if they fail to complete work.

5.孤独和压抑

People experience a sense of loneliness due to poor family relationships and weak social connections. This can cause stress.

6.健康问题

Some people lack physical activity and don’t follow a nutritionally balanced diet, making them prone to health problems. Moreover, their negative outlook on life prevents them from effectively dealing with these issues, turning health troubles into a significant source of stress.

解决方法：

1.调整期望值，指定合理目标

Adjusting expectations is also an integral part of dealing with stress. High expectations sometimes pressure people to pursue some unrealistic or unattainable goals. If they fail to attain their objectives. they will experience some negative emotions and indulge in self-doubt, which can add the stress level in the future, even some easy tasks appear to be challenging and highly stressful. To avoid this situation, people should lower their expectations and set more achievable targets. They can match such expectations at ease.

2.提高工作效率

Better self-management is definitely the key to stress management. Stress arises from the inability to handle workloads effectively: when people are not able to complete work efficiently, they will feel anxlous, stressed, frustrated and scared. For this reason, people should acquire some basic skills. such as managing time, making a to-do list, marking major appointments and deadlines on the calendar, so they are capable of completing all tasks on time rather than leave work undone until the last minute.

3.应对压力的经验

Expertise also holds the key to stress management. Stress can have a devastating effect on people when they feel that they are unlikely to deal with some problems. The only way to prevent this from happening is to increase knowledge and upgrade skills. Well-educated people who have considerable experience in solving thorny problems will stay calm in the face of stressful situations. They understand how to approach a problem and solve it.

（3）人口老龄化

影响：

1.青年劳动力的影响

One problem of population ageing is that it might damage the country's economy as the shortage of young workers will be a problem. Population ageing is normally accompanied by a lower birth rate, as people understand they will live a longer life, they tend to delay parenthood. This normally means that the number of` young people entering the workforce will drop. Another reason is that elderly people may stay in their positions even in their seventies, leaving fewer jobs available for young jobseekers. 

2.老年护理设施和养老金体系带来压力

Another major challenge of this trend is that it may put a strain on medical services, elderly care facilities and the pension scheme of a country. Medial needs normally appear in later years and senior citizens are prone to some ageing-related diseases such as stroke, diabetes and heart diseases, which would cost a large amount of money. This means governments have to pour more funds into medical facilities. Meanwhile, more nursing homes should be built to serve the elderly who experience difficulties in their daily lives, and more tax revenue should be allocated to pensions, which can add aburden on taxpayers. Both people in the workforce and retired people have to accept a poor standard of living if the tax revenue dwindles and the government has to charge higher tax.

解决方法：

1.延迟退休年龄

Raising the retirement age, enabling people to continue a productive working life beyond the original retirement age, can cut a country's budget for supporting a huge retiree population. If they don't withdraw from the workforce, they keep earning, instead of relying on pensions. With salaries, they maintain a decent life. Meanwhile, staying employed keeps them physically and mentally active—commuting daily and networking. This reduces the risk of medical conditions, so the government can also cut healthcare spending.

2.老人和孩子一起生活

Elderly people can also choose to live with their children to enjoy family life , so the government does not have to worry about looking after them. Living with other members of family can combat the sense of lonelines, and talking with family as well as enjoying family life is beneficial to mental health of retired people. Old family members could also take some domestic responsibilities including doing laundry, sweeping the floor and cooking, which can greatly ease the burden on working adults. This can possibly protect them from some physical or emotional problems they could experience as they age. As they live a happy, healthy life, the government would spend less money on health services.

3.储蓄和缴纳社保

Another method is to encourage people to save money for retirement and enrol in the pension scheme of the government, so they have sufficient money to maintain a reasonable quality of life in the old age. They set aside money to buy a home, so they do not need to pay rent when they get old. They also use the interest income of their bank savings to cover the cost of living. As they contribute part of their income to the pension scheme, they can withdraw a proportion of money when they retire. All these efforts can reduce the cost of looking after an ever-growing gray population for a country.

（4）接受教育

原因：

1.促进经济发展

As more people receive an education, it can help grow the economy. Well-educated people can solve problems faster and complete work efficiently as they are familiar with all advanced practices and tools used in industry. They have better literacy skills so they can possess information and grasp new ideas quickly. A company with college-educated employees is more productive and competitive. As people with academic qualifications are knowledgeable, they are more capable of working out creative solutions whenever they spot problems. Innovations are also important to a country's economic growth.

2.社会更加稳定

Schools can also teach what behaviour is legal and ethically good, so it is easy to maintain order of society if people have access to education. School rules can help students understand the behaviour that is not acceptable, such as cheating and bullying. Teachers also teach children good manners during the lesson, when children talk to classmates, interrupt others and express their views. Schools have textbooks containing fables teaching children moral lessons, so children can have a good understanding of the qualities of a respectful person, such as integrity, loyalty and honesty

3.生活更加便利

People gain real-life knowledge by attending school and handle matters easily in their daily lives. School textbooks are prepared and edited by education experts who consider it necessary for children to learn both theories and practical skills. Language courses can improve their communication skills, including the ability to describe a subject or issue clearly. Maths can improve mathematical skills, such as budgeting, saving money, and comparing prices. Physics can teach students some basic knowledge about life, such as the importance of handling electric equipment with care to avoid electricity shocks.

4.提升解决问题的能力

Going to school can also improve one's intellectual skills, which are required for decision making. They need to read textbooks, listen to instructions of' teachers and do homework. All these activities can gradually help them develop competence in solving problems, such as gathering information, figuring out what information is useful and coming up with solutions.

5.帮助个人施展才华

Education can also inspire people to achieve their full potential by letting them know different possibilities in lives. Schools and universities have some reading material that shows different role models in different fields, such as renowned politicians, self-made billionaires, sports stars and famous scientists. Many young people may have the motivation to set new goals in lives and achieve their ambitions, instead of pursuing a career related to the university subject they learn.

6.更加健康

Education can make people healthy, happy individuals as they learn how to manage emotions. Schools have courses such as PE, art and extracurricular activities that help children develop hobbies, which allow them to feel relaxed and cope with stress in healthy ways. In addition, people who have a strong academic background are avid readers, meaning that they can broaden their minds by reading books and understand the options available for them when they confront challenges. They would be optimistic when handling challenges.

（5）房屋问题

1.保护老建筑

好处：

1.人们可以了解建筑的历史和成就

The protection of old buildings can help protect the country's heritage and preserve a country's history. These buildings may be examples of the architectural style of a country, showing how a visually spectacular building is defined in this culture. People in the modern world can see the unique features of architectural traditions of a specific area, such as the design of columns and pillars, the selection of building material and the art of decorations. Additionally, buildings can give an insight into how architecture supported lifestyles, social activities and community life of people living in the past. If old structures are demolished, younger generations would not have the opportunity to appreciate architectural achievements of their ancestors in the future.

2.提高收入

The conservation of old buildings, especially landmarks of a city, is also justified by the fact that they are tourist attractions. These buildings give character to a city, and tourists love taking photos in front of these iconic buildings. They can easily identify cities or countries by architectural wonders like the pyramids in Egypt. The revenue of the travel industry not only provides locals with jobs but also ensures the government has funding for the repair and maintenance of these historical attractions, which can be extremely expensive.

坏处：

1.增加政府的费用

However, some old buildings do not deserve preservation efforts and it is a waste of public money to conserve these run-down buildings, Some structures were possibly built decades or even one century ago, so they do not meet the safety standards and most of them are possibly deserted for not being suitable for practical use. They are likely to collapse in extreme weather conditions such as typhoon and snowstorm. It is costly to renovate them or unnecessary to do so as they are not considered to be historically or culturally important. It makes little sense to use public money for renovation efforts.

2.影响城市发展

Another problem of protecting old buildings is that these buildings can occupy valuable land of inner city areas and hinder the development of a city. It is difficult for the city council to redevelop these areas, if properties are privately owned. If these buildings are not torn down, the urban centre can not replace them with modern skyscrapers for residential or commercial use. Without business complexes and high-rise apartment blocks, a city can not attract investors, entrepreneurs and professionals easily. It does not have manpower and capital required for urban expansion.

2.住房紧缺

问题：

1.影响生活水准

The housing shortage can lead to a higher housing price but a drop in the standard of living. Homebuyers have to pay more for the down payment as well as the mortgage, while people who live in rental accommodation have to pay higher rent. The housing-related costs can bite into the monthly budget and reduce the disposable income available for people to handle other expenses, such as buying household goods. They may live under pressure.

2.增加医疗负担

The shortage of high-quality housing for the general public can be a public health issue and increase the medical cost. People living in buildings which have poor sanitation, ventilation and insulation can be vulnerable to flus, respiratory diseases and infectious diseases. Living in cramped conditions can lead to high stress levels as people face problems such as the lack of privacy and exposure to noise. All these problems can pose a strain on the medical system.

3.社会不稳定

The housing supply crisis in the long term can threaten social stability as it can increase the disparity between rich and poor. While low income people have to use a large proportion of their earnings to pay the mortgage or rent, those well-off families have multiple properties and live comfortably by renting out some of their houses. The economic divide can lead to an increase in anti-social behaviour and the crime against the upper class. People feel resentful as the government fails to address the problem.

解决方法：

1.多建房子

One way to tackle the housing crisis is to increase the land supply to allow for more housing development projects. This can be achieved by tearing down some dilapidated buildings in inner city areas, so real estate companies can build some housing blocks there. Another method is to create some new housing areas on the edge of the city and build transport links allowing people to travel easily from home to the central office. It is also possible to design some satellite towns close to megacities, so people who have difficulty in affording the first home can live there.

2.制定相应社会福利

State housing is also a solution especially for people who fall to earn sutficient income to get on the property ladder. The government can use part of tax revenue from the housing industry to construct residential buildings. Families eligible to join this programme can live in this kind of subsidised accommodation without bearing a huge cost.

3.限制市场不当的投机行为

The government can pass some laws to curb speculative investment in the housing industry. Laws can set a limit on the number of houses owned by a family and prevent wealthy households purchasing a large number of properties. Property taxes can also be imposed on extra properties possessed by families, if the limit is exceeded. Part of the money from those well-off families can be used to finance council housing, which can be provided by the disadvantaged.