iOS NSFileManager和NSFileHandle及沙盒路径

沙盒机制

每一个iOS应用程序都会为自己创建一个文件系统目录（文件夹），这个独立、封闭、安全的空间叫做沙盒。沙盒就是一种安全体系，它规定了应用程序只能在为该应用程序创建的文件夹（沙盒）内访问文件，不可以访问其他沙盒内的内容（iOS8已经部分开放访问）。所有的非代码文件都保存在这个地方，比如图片、声音、属性列表（plist）、sqlite数据库和文本文件等。

文件管理器与文件对接器

文件管理器（NSFileManager）：此类主要是对文件进行的操作（创建/删除/改名等）以及文件信息的获取。
文件连接器（NSFileHandle）：此类主要是对文件内容进行读取和写入操作。

文件管理器（NSFileManager）

NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
#pragma mark 创建文件
BOOL isFile = [fileManager createFileAtPath:[self createFilePath:fileString] contents:nil attributes:nil];
 
#pragma mark -- 创建文件夹  
BOOL isFolder = [fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:[self createFilePath:folderString] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&error];
 
#pragma mark 判断文件or文件夹是否存在 
BOOL isExistence = [fileManager fileExistsAtPath:objectPath];

#pragma mark -- 判断对象的权限是否可读
BOOL isRead = [fileManager isReadableFileAtPath:objectPath];

#pragma mark -- 判断对象是否有可写的权限
BOOL isWrit = [fileManager isWritableFileAtPath:objectPath];

#pragma mark -- 判断是否是可执行文件
BOOL isExecut = [fileManager isExecutableFileAtPath:objectPath];

#pragma mark -- 判断文件或者文件夹是否可以删除
BOOL isDelet = [fileManager isDeletableFileAtPath:objectPath];

#pragma mark 文件数据的写入
BOOL isFinish = [data writeToFile:path atomically:YES];

#pragma mark --  判断两个文件内容是否相等
BOOL isIdentical = [fileManager contentsEqualAtPath:filePath1 andPath:filePath2];

#pragma mark -- 获取可视化文件字符串
NSString * displayNameAtPath = [fileManager displayNameAtPath:path];

#pragma mark 文件或者文件夹的拷贝
//注意：被复制的文件或者文件夹不能提前存在
BOOL isFolder = [fileManager copyItemAtPath:path toPath:path1 error:&error];

#pragma mark -- 文件和文件夹的移动
// 文件夹的移动
BOOL isMove = [fileManager moveItemAtPath:Folder_M1_Path toPath:Folder_M2_Path error:&error];
// 文件的移动到另一个文件夹中
BOOL isMove = [fileManager moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:Folder_M3_Path error:&error];

#pragma mark -- 删除文件
BOOL isRemove = [fileManager removeItemAtPath:path error:&error];

#pragma mark -- 数据读取
NSData * data = [fileManager contentsAtPath:path];
NSString * content = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

#pragma mark --  获取文件或者文件夹的层次结构
NSArray * array = [fileManager subpathsAtPath:path];

#pragma mark --  获取文件或者文件夹在系统中代表的字符
const char * ar = [fileManager fileSystemRepresentationWithPath:[self createFilePath:@"SR_Love"]];

#pragma mark  --  获取文件属性
NSDictionary * FileAttribute = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtPath:FolderPath error:NULL];

文件连接器（NSFileHandle）

+ (id)fileHandleForReadingAtPath:(NSString *)path //打开一个文件准备读取
+ (id)fileHandleForWritingAtPath:(NSString *)path //打开一个文件准备写入 
+ (id)fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:(NSString *)path //打开一个文件准备更新
- (NSData *)availableData; //从设备或通道返回可用的数据 
- (NSData *)readDataToEndOfFile; //从当前的节点读取到文件的末尾 
- (NSData *)readDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)length; // 从当前节点开始读取指定的长度数据 
- (void)writeData:(NSData *)data; //写入数据 
- (unsigned long long)offsetInFile; //获取当前文件的偏移量 
- (void)seekToFileOffset:(unsigned long long)offset; //跳到指定文件的偏移量 
- (unsigned long long)seekToEndOfFile; //跳到文件末尾 
- (void)truncateFileAtOffset:(unsigned long long)offset; //将文件的长度设为offset字节
- (void)closeFile; 关闭文件

NSFileManager的协议方法

#pragma mark  --  NSFileManagerDelegate
/**
 文件移动
 */
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldRemoveItemAtURL:(NSURL *)URL{
    return YES;
}
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldRemoveItemAtPath:(NSString *)path{
    return YES;
}
/**
 文件复制
 */
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldCopyItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL{
    return YES;
}
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldCopyItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath{
    return YES;
}
/**
 文件的连接
 */
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldLinkItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL{
    return YES;
}
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldLinkItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath{
    return YES;
}
/**
 文件的移动
 */
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldMoveItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL{
    return YES;
}
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldMoveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath{
    return YES;
}
/**
 文件移除
 */
-(BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error removingItemAtURL:(NSURL *)URL{
    return YES;
}
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error removingItemAtPath:(NSString *)path{
    return YES;
}
/**
 文件连接错误
 */
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error linkingItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath{
    return YES;
}
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error linkingItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL {
    return YES;
}

获取路径

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取程序的Home目录路径
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)getHomeDirectoryPath
{
    return NSHomeDirectory();
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取document目录路径

 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)getDocumentPath
{
    NSArray *Paths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *path=[Paths objectAtIndex:0];
    return path;
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取Cache目录路径
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)getCachePath
{
    NSArray *Paths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *path=[Paths objectAtIndex:0];
    return path;
}
/*

 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取Library目录路径
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)getLibraryPath
{
    NSArray *Paths=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *path=[Paths objectAtIndex:0];
    return path;
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取Tmp目录路径
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */

+ (NSString *)getTmpPath
{
    return NSTemporaryDirectory();
}

/*

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
＊返回Documents下的指定文件路径(加创建)
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
*/
+ (NSString *)getDirectoryForDocuments:(NSString *)dir
{
   NSError* error;
   NSString* path = [[self getDocumentPath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:dir];
   if(![[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&error])
   {
       NSLog(@"create dir error: %@",error.debugDescription);
   }
   return path;
}
/*

 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊返回Caches下的指定文件路径
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)getDirectoryForCaches:(NSString *)dir
{
    NSError* error;
    NSString* path = [[self getCachePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:dir];
    if(![[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&error])
    {
        NSLog(@"create dir error: %@",error.debugDescription);
    }
    return path;
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊创建目录文件夹
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (NSString *)createList:(NSString *)List ListName:(NSString *)Name
{
    NSFileManager *fileManager=[NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSString *FileDirectory=[List stringByAppendingPathComponent:Name];//路径拼接
    if ([self isFileExists:Name])
    {
        NSLog(@"exist,%@",Name);
    }
    else
    {
        [fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:FileDirectory withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
    }
    return FileDirectory;
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊写入NsArray文件
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (BOOL)writeFileArray:(NSArray *)ArrarObject SpecifiedFile:(NSString *)path
{
    return [ArrarObject writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}
/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊写入NSDictionary文件
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (BOOL)writeFileDictionary:(NSMutableDictionary *)DictionaryObject SpecifiedFile:(NSString *)path
{
    return [DictionaryObject writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}
/*

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊是否存在该文件
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */

+ (BOOL)isFileExists:(NSString *)filepath
{
  return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:filepath];
}
/*

 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊删除指定文件
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */
+ (void)deleteFile:(NSString *)filepath
{
    if([[NSFileManager defaultManager]fileExistsAtPath:filepath])
    {
        [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:filepath error:nil];
    }
}

/*
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 ＊获取目录列表里所有的文件名
 ＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
 */

+ (NSArray *)getSubpathsAtPath:(NSString *)path
{
    NSFileManager *fileManage=[NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray *file=[fileManage subpathsAtPath:path];
    return file;
}

//删除 document/dir 目录下 所有文件
+ (void)deleteAllForDocumentsDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    NSFileManager* fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSArray *fileList = [fileManager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:[self getDirectoryForDocuments:dir] error:nil];
    for (NSString* filename in fileList) {
        [fileManager removeItemAtPath:[self getPathForDocuments:filename inDir:dir] error:nil];
    }
}

#pragma mark- 获取文件的数据
+ (NSData *)getDataForPath:(NSString *)path
{
    return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] contentsAtPath:path];
}

+ (NSData *)getDataForResource:(NSString *)name inDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    return [self getDataForPath:[self getPathForResource:name inDir:dir]];
}

+ (NSData *)getDataForDocuments:(NSString *)name inDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    return [self getDataForPath:[self getPathForDocuments:name inDir:dir]];
}

#pragma mark- 获取文件路径
+ (NSString *)getPathForResource:(NSString *)name
{
    return [[NSBundle mainBundle].resourcePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
}

+ (NSString *)getPathForResource:(NSString *)name inDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    return [[[NSBundle mainBundle].resourcePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:dir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
}

+ (NSString *)getPathForDocuments:(NSString *)filename
{
    return [[self getDocumentPath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

+ (NSString *)getPathForDocuments:(NSString *)filename inDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    return [[self getDirectoryForDocuments:dir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

+ (NSString *)getPathForCaches:(NSString *)filename
{
    return [[self getCachePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}

+ (NSString *)getPathForCaches:(NSString *)filename inDir:(NSString *)dir
{
    return [[self getDirectoryForCaches:dir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:filename];
}