搜素算法(基础)--DFS/BFS算法(JAVA)

DFS、BFS的定义及C语言算法实现请参照
连通图遍历策略之深度优先搜索(C语言)
连通图遍历策略之广度优先搜索(C语言)


为了便于理解这里的数据是一个无向图,要求输出遍历顺序

下面只给出用例和算法,之后可以根据后面的三个题目进行深入学习
Input:
5 5
1 2
1 3
1 5
2 4
3 5
Output:
1 2 4 3 5

DFS

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DFS {
    static int[][] e = new int[100][100];
    static int[] book = new int[100];
    static int n, m;
    static int sum = 0;
    static Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        n = input.nextInt();
        m = input.nextInt();
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
                if (i == j) {
                    e[i][j] = 0;
                } else {
                    e[i][j] = 99999999;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
            int a = input.nextInt();
            int b = input.nextInt();
            e[a][b] = 1;
            e[b][a] = 1;
        }
        book[1] = 1;
        dfs(1);
    }
    public static void dfs(int cur) {
        System.out.print(cur + " ");
        sum++;
        if (sum == n) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            if (e[cur][i] == 1 && book[i] == 0) {
                book[i] = 1;
                dfs(i);
            }
        }
        return;
    }
}

BFS


import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BFS {
    static int[][] e = new int[100][100];
    static int[] book = new int[100];
    static int n, m;
    static Queue queue = new LinkedList<>();
    static Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a, b;
        n = input.nextInt();
        m = input.nextInt();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                if (i == j) {
                    e[i][j] = 0;
                } else {
                    e[i][j] = 99999999;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
            a = input.nextInt();
            b = input.nextInt();
            e[a][b] = 1;
            e[b][a] = 1;
        }
        queue.offer(1);
        book[1] = 1;
        bfs();

    }
    public static void bfs() {
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int cur = queue.peek();
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
                if (e[cur][i] == 1 && book[i] == 0) {
                    book[i] = 1;
                    queue.offer(i);
                }
            }
            System.out.print(queue.remove() + " ");
        }
        return;
    }
}

下面是一个全排列的简单题目,也用到了dfs,属于偏简单的一道题目,用来给后面的题目做铺垫

问题描述:假设有编号为1、2、3的三张卡片和编号1、2、3的三个盒子,现需将这三张扑克牌分别放到三个盒子里面,并且每个盒子只能放一张扑克牌,请问一共有几种不同的方法?
Output:
123 132 213 231 312 321

import java.util.Scanner;
/**
 * DFS算法基本模型:
 * void dfs(int step) {
 *     判断边界
 *     尝试每一种可能 for {
 *         继续下一步def(step + 1)
 *     }
 *     返回
 * }
 * */

public class DFS {
    static int n;
    static int[] book = new int[10];
    static int[] a = new  int[10];
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        n = input.nextInt();
        dfs(1);
    }

    public static void dfs(int step) {
        if (step == n + 1) {
            /**
             * 打印,并返回
             * */
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
                System.out.print(a[i] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            /**
             * 标记数组book,用来检测盒子中是否已经放入
             * */
            if (book[i] == 0) {
                /**
                 * 将i号扑克牌放入到第step个盒子中
                 * */
                a[step] = i;
                book[i] = 1;
                /**
                 * 处理step+1个小盒子,注意要记得将刚才尝试的扑克牌收回
                 * */
                dfs(step + 1);
                book[i] = 0;
            }
        }
        return;
    }

}

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