android的clip有以下两点疑问:
Clip(剪切)的时机
Clip中的Op的参数的意思。
通常咱们理解的clip(剪切),是对已经存在的图形进行clip的。但是,在android上是对canvas(画布)上进行clip的,要在画图之前对canvas进行clip,如果画图之后再对canvas进行clip不会影响到已经画好的图形。一定要记住clip是针对canvas而非图形。
接下来通过android自带的APIdemo Clipping例子详细讲述Clip中的Op的参数的意思。Android提供clipRect、clipPath和clipRegion剪切区域的API。
Op一共有 DIFFERENCE,INTERSECT,UNION,XOR, REVERSE_DIFFERENCE, REPLACE六种选择。
例子:
在canvas上剪切从(0,0)到(60,60)的方块。下图蓝色区域加紫色区域。
在canvas上剪切从(40,40)到(100,100)的方块。下图橄榄色区域加紫色区域。
在canvas上剪切从(0,0)到(100,100)的方块。

先在第二方块上加上Op参数例如:canvas.clipRect(40, 40, 100, 100, Region.Op. DIFFERENCE);
首先,需要搞清楚Op参数针对的对象。接着了解其含义。
Op参数针对的对象是之前剪切的区域以及当前要剪切的区域。
在本例中涉及到区域是从(0,0)到(60,60)的方块和从(40,40)到(100,100)的方块。
那有哪些含义呢?就是表示当前要剪切的区域与之前剪切过的之间的关系。
DIFFERENCE:之前剪切的区域除去当前要剪切的区域(蓝色区域)。
INTERSECT:当前要剪切的区域在之前剪切过的区域内部的部分(紫色区域)。
UNION:当前要剪切的区域加上之前剪切过区域内部的部分(蓝色区域+紫色区域+橄榄色区域)。
XOR:异或,当前要剪切的区域与之前剪切过的区域进行异或。(蓝色区域+橄榄色区域)。
REVERSE_DIFFERENCE:与DIFFERENCE相反,以当前要剪切的区域为参照物,当前要剪切的区域除去之前剪切过的区域(橄榄色区域);
REPLACE:用当前要剪切的区域代替之前剪切过的区域。(橄榄色区域+紫色区域);
没带Op参数效果与INTERSECT的效果一样,两个区域的交集。
API 中的例子:
public class Clipping extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(new SampleView(this));
}
private static class SampleView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private Path mPath;
public SampleView(Context context) {
super(context);
setFocusable(true);
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPaint.setTextSize(16);
mPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.RIGHT);
mPath = new Path();
}
private void drawScene(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, 100, 100);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
canvas.drawLine(0, 0, 100, 100, mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
canvas.drawCircle(30, 70, 30, mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
canvas.drawText("Clipping", 100, 30, mPaint);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.drawColor(Color.GRAY);
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(10, 10);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(160, 10);
canvas.clipRect(10, 10, 90, 90);
canvas.clipRect(30, 30, 70, 70, Region.Op.DIFFERENCE);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(10, 160);
mPath.reset();
canvas.clipPath(mPath); // makes the clip empty
mPath.addCircle(50, 50, 50, Path.Direction.CCW);
canvas.clipPath(mPath, Region.Op.REPLACE);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(160, 160);
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, 60, 60);
canvas.clipRect(40, 40, 100, 100, Region.Op.UNION);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(10, 310);
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, 60, 60);
canvas.clipRect(40, 40, 100, 100, Region.Op.XOR);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
canvas.save();
canvas.translate(160, 310);
canvas.clipRect(0, 0, 60, 60);
canvas.clipRect(40, 40, 100, 100, Region.Op.REVERSE_DIFFERENCE);
drawScene(canvas);
canvas.restore();
}
}
}
效果图:
drawBitmap 用法
1、基本的绘制图片方法
//Bitmap:图片对象,left:偏移左边的位置,top: 偏移顶部的位置
drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, float left, float top, Paint paint)
2、对图片剪接和限定显示区域
drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, Rect src, RectF dst, Paint paint);
Rect src: 是对图片进行裁截,若是空null则显示整个图片
RectF dst:是图片在Canvas画布中显示的区域,
大于src则把src的裁截区放大,
小于src则把src的裁截区缩小。
1、Drawable就是一个可画的对象,其可能是一张位图(BitmapDrawable),也可能是一个图形(ShapeDrawable),还有可能是一个图层(LayerDrawable),我们根据画图的需求,创建相应的可画对象
2、Canvas画布,绘图的目的区域,用于绘图
3、Bitmap位图,用于图的处理
4、Matrix矩阵
二、Bitmap
1、从资源中获取Bitmap
Java代码
- Resources res = getResources();
- Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, R.drawable.icon);
2、Bitmap → byte[]
Java代码
- public byte[] Bitmap2Bytes(Bitmap bm) {
- ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
- bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG, 100, baos);
- return baos.toByteArray();
- }
3、byte[] → Bitmap
Java代码
- public Bitmap Bytes2Bimap(byte[] b) {
- if (b.length != 0) {
- return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(b, 0, b.length);
- } else {
- return null;
- }
- }
4、Bitmap缩放
Java代码
- public static Bitmap zoomBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, int width, int height) {
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- float scaleWidth = ((float) width / w);
- float scaleHeight = ((float) height / h);
- matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight);
- Bitmap newbmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, w, h, matrix, true);
- return newbmp;
- }
5、将Drawable转化为Bitmap
Java代码
- public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable) {
- // 取 drawable 的长宽
- int w = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
- int h = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
-
- // 取 drawable 的颜色格式
- Bitmap.Config config = drawable.getOpacity() != PixelFormat.OPAQUE ? Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
- : Bitmap.Config.RGB_565;
- // 建立对应 bitmap
- Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, config);
- // 建立对应 bitmap 的画布
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
- drawable.setBounds(0, 0, w, h);
- // 把 drawable 内容画到画布中
- drawable.draw(canvas);
- return bitmap;
- }
6、获得圆角图片
Java代码
- public static Bitmap getRoundedCornerBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, float roundPx) {
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
- Bitmap output = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Config.ARGB_8888);
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(output);
- final int color = 0xff424242;
- final Paint paint = new Paint();
- final Rect rect = new Rect(0, 0, w, h);
- final RectF rectF = new RectF(rect);
- paint.setAntiAlias(true);
- canvas.drawARGB(0, 0, 0, 0);
- paint.setColor(color);
- canvas.drawRoundRect(rectF, roundPx, roundPx, paint);
- paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.SRC_IN));
- canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, rect, rect, paint);
-
- return output;
- }
7、获得带倒影的图片
Java代码
- public static Bitmap createReflectionImageWithOrigin(Bitmap bitmap) {
- final int reflectionGap = 4;
- int w = bitmap.getWidth();
- int h = bitmap.getHeight();
-
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- matrix.preScale(1, -1);
-
- Bitmap reflectionImage = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, h / 2, w,
- h / 2, matrix, false);
-
- Bitmap bitmapWithReflection = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, (h + h / 2),
- Config.ARGB_8888);
-
- Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmapWithReflection);
- canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, null);
- Paint deafalutPaint = new Paint();
- canvas.drawRect(0, h, w, h + reflectionGap, deafalutPaint);
-
- canvas.drawBitmap(reflectionImage, 0, h + reflectionGap, null);
-
- Paint paint = new Paint();
- LinearGradient shader = new LinearGradient(0, bitmap.getHeight(), 0,
- bitmapWithReflection.getHeight() + reflectionGap, 0x70ffffff,
- 0x00ffffff, TileMode.CLAMP);
- paint.setShader(shader);
- // Set the Transfer mode to be porter duff and destination in
- paint.setXfermode(new PorterDuffXfermode(Mode.DST_IN));
- // Draw a rectangle using the paint with our linear gradient
- canvas.drawRect(0, h, w, bitmapWithReflection.getHeight()
- + reflectionGap, paint);
-
- return bitmapWithReflection;
- }
三、Drawable
1、Bitmap转换成Drawable
Java代码
- Bitmap bm=xxx; //xxx根据你的情况获取
- BitmapDrawable bd= new BitmapDrawable(getResource(), bm);
- 因为BtimapDrawable是Drawable的子类,最终直接使用bd对象即可。
2、Drawable缩放
Java代码
- public static Drawable zoomDrawable(Drawable drawable, int w, int h) {
- int width = drawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
- int height = drawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
- // drawable转换成bitmap
- Bitmap oldbmp = drawableToBitmap(drawable);
- // 创建操作图片用的Matrix对象
- Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
- // 计算缩放比例
- float sx = ((float) w / width);
- float sy = ((float) h / height);
- // 设置缩放比例
- matrix.postScale(sx, sy);
- // 建立新的bitmap,其内容是对原bitmap的缩放后的图
- Bitmap newbmp = Bitmap.createBitmap(oldbmp, 0, 0, width, height,
- matrix, true);
- return new BitmapDrawable(newbmp);
- }