<h2 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; line-height: 26px;">1、 概述</h2>首先介绍Handler,Looper,MessageQueue,Message四个概念:
说了这一堆,那么和Handler 、 Looper 、Message有啥关系?其实Looper负责的就是创建一个MessageQueue,然后进入一个无限循环体不断从该MessageQueue中读取消息,而消息的创建者就是一个或多个Handler 。
注:一个线程默认是没有消息队列的,如果我们要使用handler,必须指定Looper,Looper内部会创建MessageQueue。其中比较特殊的是UI线程提供了默认的Looper,我们不需要为其指定Looper。如果是其他线程,我们必须显式调用Looper.prepare和Looper.loop方法创建Looper并使其运转起来。
class LooperThread extends Thread { public Handler mHandler; public void run() { Looper.prepare(); mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { // process incoming messages here } }; Looper.loop(); } }
public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true)); }sThreadLocal是一个ThreadLocal对象,可以在一个线程中存储变量。可以看到,在第5行,将一个Looper的实例放入了ThreadLocal,并且2-4行判断了sThreadLocal是否为null,否则抛出异常。这也就说明了Looper.prepare()方法不能被调用两次,同时也保证了一个线程中只有一个Looper实例~相信有些哥们一定遇到这个错误。
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }在构造方法中,创建了一个MessageQueue(消息队列)。
public Handler() { this(null, false); } public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
14行:通过Looper.myLooper()获取了当前线程保存的Looper实例,然后在19行又获取了这个Looper实例中保存的MessageQueue(消息队列),这样就保证了handler的实例与我们Looper实例中MessageQueue关联上了。
第三步:然后我们看loop()方法
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } }第2行:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }既然是分发消息的方法,那必然会根据消息的类型做出不同的处理,这个方法正是根据Message对象是否携带了callback,如果携带了callback那就执行handleCallback方法,callback之前分析Message类的时候已经知道是一个Runnable的对象了。下面我们看看handleCallback是什么实现的:
private static void handleCallback(Message message) { message.callback.run(); }Message对象
public final class Message implements Parcelable { public int what; public int arg1; public int arg2; public Object obj; long when; Bundle data; Handler target; Runnable callback; // sometimes we store linked lists of these things Message next; private static final Object sPoolSync = new Object(); private static Message sPool; private static int sPoolSize = 0; private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50; ... ...四个公有变量相信大家都不陌生,这里就不再介绍了。我们看到Message还有一些成员变量,比如说target,这是个Handler对象,target可以通过set方法或者obtainMessage等方式设置,一旦设置了T arget,这个message就被绑定到一个具体的handler上了,然后message内部即可调用sendToTarget方法将message交给绑定的Handler进行处理,内部也调用的是sendMessage: