(记住:这里只是提供思考的过程)
其实这里只是一个我们课的Web实验”课程设计题目统计系统“,在做实验的过程中起初只是想往MVC靠拢而已,却不知不觉地“实现”了基于MVC的简单框架的雏形,可能这个框架雏形还有许多BUG(毕竟这只是一个“简单”的框架而已嘛,勿喷),望读者发现后能够指出,谢谢。
该雏形并不是单一入口框架,后续还将进行修改。
这里列出的是,我做实验过程中的一些实验体会和遇到的问题:
(1) 如何将存在于控制器中的display模板呢?(参考:http://www.3lian.com/edu/2015/06-18/222798.html)
我们可以使用 include 的方式引入模板,显示视图。
(2) 这里遇到了一个问题:include 引入模板文件时,我使用了如 include '../showStudent.php?info=add' 的方式,结果出现了寻找不到该文件的提示,起初我以为是因为路径搞错了的原因,经过不上10几次的修改测试,最后才意识到:include文件时应该不能传递参数吧(参考: http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=jUrghtWyr0YljXb3rIg4aimd8_0qxq29Vqe2XMCNJQM35KLBBlIT6SUhaX82aTolSuifwRBIKHSSyTI4jbHbs_ )。是的,仔细想想,就能明白include只是用于引入文件而已,不是传递GET参数,这样当然会出错咯。我自己搞笑了。如果要传递参数,那么可以改成在include设置好变量的值不就行啦。
(3) 我们如何将变量注册到模板上呢(控制器中的变量让模板进行使用)?
刚才已经知道了,我们可以include 文件的方式引入模板,那么我们只要在include之前定义好变量,我们就可以在模板文件中“名正言顺”地使用这些变量了。注册变量到模板的实现,可以查看一下我的源码。
(4) 注册变量到模板的过程与ThinkPHP的方式类似,实现的话,我目前没去查看ThinkPHP源码进行比较。我这里的实现需要使用到一个 PHP函数——extract()(参考: http://www.w3school.com.cn/php/func_array_extract.asp )
extract() 函数从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表。
将键值 "Cat"、"Dog" 和 "Horse" 赋值给变量 $a、$b 和 $c:
<?php
$a = "Original";
$my_array = array("a" => "Cat","b" => "Dog", "c" => "Horse");extract($my_array);
echo "\$a = $a; \$b = $b; \$c = $c";
?>
那么我们就可以使用,一个assign注册方法,提供传入两个参数,第1个参数为使用在模板上的变量名 key,第2个参数为该变量的值 value。先以 key=>value的方式,存入到数组中,到需要显示模板的时候,我们就可以通过extract()方法将其转化为变量,变量名为key的值,变量的值为value。
(5)实现分页过程中:mysql中orderby和limit同时使用的bug(参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_705cc5dd01012ehb.html )
起初我的SQL语句是这样的:SELECT * FROM students LIMIT 0,20 ORDER BY sno,结果报错,应该修改为:SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT 0 , 20。
(6)单一入口框架(参考: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_15096707/article/details/50766755 )
关键代码:
基本控制器类 Controller.class.php (所有自定义的控制器都将继承于该类)
<?php class Controller { const TPL_PATH = '../'; //当前控制器与模板的相对位置(实际上可以该在配置文件上) private $data = array(); //保存注册到模板上的变量 /** * 验证变量是否存在,是否为空 * @param [type] $v [需要进行验证的变量] * @return [type] [true | false] */ function validate($v) { if(!isset($v) || empty($v)) return false; return true; } /** * 重定向 * @param [type] $url [重定向的URL地址] * @return [type] [description] */ function redirect($url) { header('Location:' . self::TPL_PATH .$url); exit; } /** * 注册模板上的变量 * @param [type] $key [应用在模板上的变量名] * @param [type] $value [变量对应的值] * @return [type] [当前对象的引用,提供链式写法] */ function assign($key, $value) { $this->data[$key] = $value; return $this; } /** * 显示page模板 * @param [type] $page [模板的名称] * @return [type] [description] */ function display($page) { if($this->validate($this->data)) { extract($this->data); $this->data = array(); } include self::TPL_PATH . $page; } } ?>
<?php require_once 'SqlHelper.class.php'; class Model { private $sqlHelper; function __construct() { $this->sqlHelper = new SqlHelper(); } function execute_dql_res($sql) { return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_res($sql); } function execute_dql_arr($sql) { return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_arr($sql); } function execute_dml($sql) { return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dml($sql); } } ?>数据库操作类 SqlHelper.class.php
<?php class SqlHelper { private $mysqli; private $host = 'localhost'; private $user = 'root'; private $pwd = '123'; private $db = 'test'; private $port = 3306; public function __construct() { //完成初始化任务 if(defined('SAE_MYSQL_DB')) { //判断是否是云平台 $this->host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M; $this->user = SAE_MYSQL_USER; $this->pwd = SAE_MYSQL_PASS; $this->db = SAE_MYSQL_DB; $this->port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT; } $this->mysqli = new MySQLi($this->host, $this->user, $this->pwd, $this->db, $this->port); if($this->mysqli->connect_error) { die('连接失败' . $this->mysqli->connect_error); } //设置访问数据库的字符集 //这句话的作用是保证php是以utf8的方式来操作我们的mysql数据库 $this->mysqli->query("SET NAMES utf8") or die($this->mysqli->error); } public function execute_dql_res($sql) { $res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error); return $res; } public function execute_dql_arr($sql) { $arr = array(); $res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error); while($row = $res->fetch_assoc()) { $arr[] = $row; } $res->free_result(); return $arr; } public function execute_dml($sql) { $res = $this->mysqli->query($sql)/* or die('操作dml失败' . $this->mysqli->error)*/; if(!$res) { return 0; //表示失败 } else { if($this->mysqli->affected_rows > 0) { return 1; //表示成功 } else { return 2; //表示没有行受到影响 } } } public function __destruct() { $this->mysqli->close(); } } ?>
目录结构如下:
实验运行结果:
input.php
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>课程设计题目统计系统</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-3"></div> <div class="col-sm-6 content"> <h2>课程设计题目统计系统</h2> <form class="form-horizontal" action="Controller/InputController.php" method="POST"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="number" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生学号:</label> <div class="col-sm-9"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="number" placeholder="输入12位学号" name="sno"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生姓名:</label> <div class="col-sm-9"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名" name="name"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="password" class="col-sm-3 control-label">修改密码:</label> <div class="col-sm-9"> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="首次输入作为后面修改的密码" name="psw"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="title" class="col-sm-3 control-label">你的题目:</label> <div class="col-sm-9"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="按照课程设计题目要求" name="title"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">合作学生:</label> <div class="col-sm-9"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名,没有就空,只负责不同方面" name="partner"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"> <label> <input type="radio" name="action" value="add" checked="checked"> 新增题目 </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="action" value="modify"> 修改试题 </label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交操作</button> <a href="Controller/showController.php">显示全部学生题目</a> </div> </div> <?php $err = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!', 'add'=>'新增题目失败,原因可能为已新增过题目了,请尝试选择“修改试题”进行提交!', 'modify'=>'修改试题失败,原因可能为:1.未新增过题目;2.学生学号输入错误;3.修改密码输入错误!'); if($_GET['err']) { ?> <p class="info"><span style="font-weight: bold">错误:</span><?php echo $err[$_GET['err']];?></p> <?php } ?> </form> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"></div> </div> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! --> <title>课程设计题目统计系统</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <style> p.info { margin-bottom: 0; } </style> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="content"> <?php if($info) { if($info == 'add') { $fo = '新增'; } else if($info == 'modify') { $fo = '修改'; } ?> <p class="info"><marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left"><span style="font-weight: bold">消息:</span><?php echo $fo . '题目成功!';?></marquee></p> <?php } ?> <table class="table table-hover"> <caption><h3>学生课程设计题目</h3></caption> <?php if(!isset($res) || empty($res)) { echo '<tr><td>暂无学生题目</td></tr>'; } else { ?> <thead> <tr> <!-- <th>删除</th> --> <th>序号</th> <th>学号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>题目</th> <th>状态</th> <th>录入时间</th> <th>合作学生</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <?php $i = $start ? $start : 1; foreach ($res as $value) { echo '<tr>'; echo "<th scope='row'>$i</th>"; echo "<td>{$value['sno']}</td>"; echo "<td>{$value['name']}</td>"; echo "<td>{$value['title']}</td>"; echo "<td>{$value['state']}</td>"; echo "<td>{$value['last_time']}</td>"; echo "<td>{$value['partner']}</td>"; echo '</tr>'; $i++; } ?> </tbody> <?php } ?> </table> <nav> <ul class="pager"> <li> <?php if($prePage) { if($prePage >= 1) { echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$prePage'>上一页</a>"; } } ?> </li> <li> <?php if($nextPage) { if($nextPage >= 1) { echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$nextPage'>下一页</a>"; } } ?> </li> </ul> </nav> <a href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/input.php">返回输入界面</a> </div> </div> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
body { font-family: "微软雅黑", "Microsoft YaHei"; background-color: #E8DDCB; } .content { border: 1px solid #DDD; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ABCEDF; padding: 0 20px 20px; background-color: #FFF; margin: 50px 0; filter:alpha(opacity=100); /* ie 有效*/ -moz-opacity: 1; /* Firefox 有效*/ opacity: 1; /* 通用,其他浏览器 有效*/ animation: contentAnim 1s; -moz-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Firefox */ -webkit-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Safari 和 Chrome */ -o-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Opera */ } .content h2 { text-align: center; margin: 30px 0; } @keyframes contentAnim { from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;} to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;} } @-moz-keyframes contentAnim { /* Firefox */ from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;} to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;} } @-webkit-keyframes contentAnim { /* Safari 和 Chrome */ from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;} to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;} } @-o-keyframes contentAnim { /* Opera */ from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;} to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;} } p.info { margin: 20px 0; padding: 10px 30px; background-color: #E8DDCB; border: 1px solid #CCC; border-radius: 5px; }
InputController.class.php
<?php require_once 'Controller.class.php'; require_once '../Model/StudentModel.class.php'; class InputController extends Controller { protected $required = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!'); function check() { foreach ($this->required as $key => $value) { if(!$this->validate($_POST[$key])) { $this->redirect('input.php?err=' . $key); } } } function doAction() { if($this->validate($_POST['action'])) { if($_POST['action'] == 'add') { $this->add(); } else { $this->modify(); } } } function add() { $studentModel = new StudentModel(); if($studentModel->add()) { $this->assign('info', 'add')->show(); } else { $this->redirect('input.php?err=add'); } } function modify() { //echo 'modify'; $studentModel = new StudentModel(); if($studentModel->modify()) { $this->assign('info', 'modify')->show(); } else { $this->redirect('input.php?err=modify'); } } function show() { $studentModel = new StudentModel(); $cur = 1; //当前页数第一页 if($this->validate($_GET['cur'])) { $cur = $_GET['cur']; } $res = $studentModel->page($cur); $this->assign('res', $res)->assign('start', ($cur-1) * $studentModel->getEachPageLen() + 1)->assign('prePage', $cur-1)->assign('nextPage', $cur+1)->display('showStudent.php'); } } ?>
inputController.php
<?php require_once 'InputController.class.php'; $inputC = new InputController(); $inputC->check(); $inputC->doAction(); ?>
<?php require_once 'InputController.class.php'; $inputC = new InputController(); $inputC->show(); ?>
<?php require_once 'Model.class.php'; class StudentModel extends Model { private $eachPageLen = 15; //新增数据 function add() { $sno = $_POST['sno']; $name = $_POST['name']; $psw = $_POST['psw']; $title = $_POST['title']; $partner = $_POST['partner']; $sql = "INSERT INTO students(`sno`, `name`, `psw`, `title`, `last_time`, `partner`) VALUES('$sno', '$name', '$psw', '$title', now(), '$partner')"; $res = $this->execute_dml($sql); if($res == 1) { return 1; //新增题目成功 } else { return 0; //新增题目失败 } } //修改数据 function modify() { $sno = $_POST['sno']; $psw = $_POST['psw']; $title = $_POST['title']; $partner = !isset($_POST['partner']) || empty($_POST['partner']) ? '' : $_POST['partner']; $sql = "UPDATE students SET `title` = '$title', `partner` = '$partner' WHERE `sno` = '$sno' AND `psw` = '$psw'"; $res = $this->execute_dml($sql); if($res == 1) { return 1; //修改题目成功 } else { return 0; //修改题目失败 } } //分页查询数据 function page($cur) { $length = $this->eachPageLen; $offset = ($cur - 1) * $length; $sql = "SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT $offset,$length"; return $arr = $this->execute_dql_arr($sql); } //得到每页的页数 function getEachPageLen() { return $this->eachPageLen; } } ?>