(1)string类,c语言中是没有类这个概念,在第二章中给大家就讲了string类的使用,使得对字符串的操作变得简单。例如字符串的加操作。
(2)第二大方便就是文件的读写,,在c中对文件的读写是比较的麻烦,而在c++中,打开文件时,只用创建ifstream对象,它的用法和cin相同,为了写打开文件时要创建一个ofstream对象,其用法和cout相同,一旦打开文件,就可以像处理其他iostream对象那样对文件进行读写,非常简单。
(3)vector(标准容器),有效的使用于不同的类型,使得程序大大减化。
下面给出习题的个人解答:
#include<iostream> #include<string> #include<fstream> #include<vector> using namespace std; //2-10 利用vector容器求浮点数的平方 int main(int argc,char**argv) { vector<float> v; vector<float> v1; float f; cout << "请输入25个浮点数: "<<endl; for(int i = 0;i < 25;i++){ cin >> f; v.push_back(f); } cout << "v[i] * v[i] "<< endl; for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ v1.push_back(v[i] * v[i]); cout << v1[i] << ","; } cout<<endl; return 0; } /* //2-9 利用容器vector求两个浮点数的和 int main(int argc,char**argv) { vector<float> v; vector<float> v1; vector<float> v2; float f; cout << "请输入25个浮点数: "<<endl; for(int i = 0;i < 25;i++){ cin >> f; v.push_back(f); } cout << "请输入25个浮点数: "<<endl; for(int i = 0;i < 25;i++){ cin >> f; v1.push_back(f); } cout << "v[i] + v1[i] "<< endl; for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ v2.push_back(v[i] + v1[i]); cout << v2[i] << ","; } cout<<endl; return 0; } /* //2-8 利用容器vector打印浮点数 int main(int argc,char**argv) { vector<float> v ; float f; cout << "请输入25个浮点数: "<<endl; for(int i = 0;i < 25;i++){ cin >> f; v.push_back(f); } for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ cout << v[i] << ","; } cout<<endl; return 0; } /* //2-7 一次显示文件的一行,当用户按回车键时后显示下一行 int main(int argc,char **argv) { vector<string> v; ifstream in("Test.cpp"); string s; char ch; while(getline(in , s)){ v.push_back(s); } for(int i = 0;i < v.size();){ cout << "please INTER to continue !"<<endl; if(getchar() == '\n'){ cout << v[i] << endl; i++; } } return 0; } /* //2-6 将文件的所有单词连成一个字符串 int main(int argc,char**argv) { vector<string> v; ifstream in("Test.cpp"); string s,s1; int cnt = 0; while(in >> s){ v.push_back(s); } for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ s1 = s1 + " " + v[i]; } cout << s1 << endl; return 0; } /* //2-5 从后面打印各行 int main(int argc,char **argv) { vector<string> v; ifstream in("Test.cpp"); string s; int cnt = 0; while(getline(in , s)){ v.push_back(s); } for(int i = v.size() - 1;i >= 0;i--){ cout << i <<" " << v[i] << endl; } return 0; } /* //2-4 在文件中统计特定单词出现的次数 int main(int argc,char**argv) { vector<string> v; ifstream in("Test.cpp"); string s,s1; int cnt = 0; cout << "请输入指定的单词: "; cin >> s1; while(in >> s){ v.push_back(s); } for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ cout << i <<" " << v[i] << endl; if(s1 == v[i]){ cnt++; } } cout << s1 <<" 出现的次数为: "<< cnt << endl; return 0; } /* //2-3 统计文件中以空格隔开的单词数目 int main(int atgc,char**argv) { vector<string> v; ifstream in("Test.cpp"); string s; int cnt = 0; while(in >> s){ v.push_back(s); cnt++; } for(int i = 0;i < v.size();i++){ cout << i <<" " << v[i] << endl; } cout << "总的单词数: " << cnt << endl; return 0; } /* //2-2 求圆的面积 int main(int argc,char**argv) { int r; double s; cout << "请输入整数半径: "; cin>>r; s = 3.14 * r * r; cout <<"圆的面积为:" << s << endl; return 0; } /* //2-1 修改hello.cpp int main(int argc,char **argv) { int age; string s; cout << "please input your name: "; cin >> s; cout << "please input your age: "; cin >> age; cout << "name: " << s << " age: " << age << endl; return 0; } /*