NSArray&NSMutableArray常用操作梳理



 Cocoa的NSArray是基于C底层CFArray/CFArrayRef实现的,NSArray可以看做是一个CFArrayRef的Wrapper类。__NSArrayI(Immutable)是NSArray的真正类型,__NSArrayM(Mutable)是NSMutableArray的真正类型。 NSArray保存的对象可以是不同类型的对象,但只能保存OC对象(继承自NSObject),int,char,double等基本C数据类型不能直接保存,需要通过装箱(boxing)成NSNumberNSString或NSValue对象才能加入数组。 在苹果WWDC2012大会上介绍了大量Objective-C的新特性,其中有一点就是Object Literals,它允许你方便地基于字面量定义数字、数组和字典对象。 字面语法是的编译器指令,它提供简化符号来创建对象,类似于java5提供的auto boxing功能。这虽然是一个语法糖,但对提高写代码效率帮助很大。以下代码片段基于字面量语法快捷初始化数组(NSArray): [objc] view plaincopyprint? NSString* yy = @"2015"; NSNumber* mm = @(07); NSValue* dd = @(26); NSArray* array = @[yy, mm, dd]; // 都是NSObject对象  NSLog(@"array = %@", array); 1.创建初始化(Initialization&Creation) Each object in array simply receives a retain message when it is added to the returned array using initWith*/arrayWith* method. After an immutable array has been initialized in the following way, it cannot be modified. 1.1 Initializing an Array(NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER) [objc] view plaincopyprint? // Initializes a newly allocated array. Not recommended for immutable array as it's empty!  - (instancetype)init NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER; - (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const id[])objects count:(NSUInteger)cnt NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER; - (instancetype)initWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION; - (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray *)array; // If YES, each object in array receives a copyWithZone: message to create a copy of the object instead of the retain message.  - (instancetype)initWithArray:(NSArray *)array copyItems:(BOOL)flag; 以下是比较常用的初始化方法: - (instancetype)initWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION; 1.2 Creating an Array(autorelease) [objc] view plaincopyprint? // Creates and returns an empty array. This method is used by mutable subclasses of NSArray.  + (instancetype)array; + (instancetype)arrayWithObject:(id)anObject; + (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(const id[])objects count:(NSUInteger)cnt; // initWithObjects:count:  + (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION; // initWithObjects:count:  + (instancetype)arrayWithArray:(NSArray*)array; // initWithArray:  以下是比较常用的类方法便利构造方法: + (instancetype)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION; // initWithObjects:count: + (instancetype)arrayWithArray:(NSArray*)array; // initWithArray: 2.访问数组(Querying) 2.1 数组描述 [objc] view plaincopyprint? @property (readonly,copy)NSString *description; 例如以下代码可以在调试时打印数组: [objc] view plaincopyprint? NSArray* array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"e0",@"e1",@"e2",@"e3",@"e4",@"e5",@"e6",nil]; NSLog(@"array = %@", array); NSLog(@"array = %@", array.description); 2.2 数组大小 [objc] view plaincopyprint? //返回数组所包含的元素(NSObject对象)个数  @property (readonly)NSUInteger count; 可以基于array.count对数组进行判空:如果array.count=0,则表示数组为nil或不包含任何元素。 2.3 数组元素 [objc] view plaincopyprint? //返回数组第一个元素  @property (nonatomic,readonly)id firstObject NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0); @property (nonatomic,readonly)id lastObject; //判断数组是否包含某个元素(按值查询)  - (BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject; //等效于objectAtIndex,支持中括号下标格式(array[index])访问指定索引元素。  - (id)objectAtIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)idx NS_AVAILABLE(10_8,6_0); //返回数组指定索引位置的元素,索引范围[0, count-1]  - (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index; //返回数组指定索引集的元素组成的子数组  - (NSArray *)objectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes; objectAtIndex:方法用于快速返回指定索引位置的元素;firstObject和lastObject属性用于快捷访问数组的首、尾元素。 containsObject:方法用于按值搜索查询数组是否包含某个元素。 以下代码获取第246个元素子数组: [objc] view plaincopyprint? NSMutableIndexSet* indexSet = [NSMutableIndexSet indexSet]; [indexSet addIndex:1]; [indexSet addIndex:3]; [indexSet addIndex:5]; NSArray* subArray = [array objectsAtIndexes:indexSet]; NSLog(@"subArray= %@", subArray); 等效于: [objc] view plaincopyprint? NSArray* subArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[ array objectAtIndex:1], [array objectAtIndex:3], [array objectAtIndex:5], nil nil]; 2.4遍历数组 (1)索引遍历 [objc] view plaincopyprint? // 倒序:for (NSInteger index=array.count-1; index>=0; index--)  for (NSUInteger index=0; index<array.count; index++) { NSLog(@"array[%zd] = %@", index, [array objectAtIndex:index]); // array[index]  } (2)枚举遍历 [objc] view plaincopyprint? // 倒序:reverseObjectEnumerator  NSEnumerator* enumerator = [array objectEnumerator]; id e = nil; while (e = [enumerator nextObject]) { NSLog(@"e = %@", e); } /* for (id e in enumerator) { NSLog(@"e = %@",e); } */ 使用代码块传递遍历操作: - (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(id obj,NSUInteger idx,BOOL *stop))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0); [objc] view plaincopyprint? // 示例1:枚举遍历  [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^ (id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOLBOOL *stop){ NSLog(@"obj = %@", obj); }]; // 示例2:枚举遍历,遇到符合条件的元素即退出遍历。  [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^ (id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOLBOOL *stop){ if ([obj isEqualToString:@"e3"]) { *stop = YES; // 中止遍历, break  } else { *stop = NO; // 继续遍历,continue  } }]; 以上版本默认是顺序同步遍历,另外一个版本可以指定NSEnumerationOptions参数: [objc] view plaincopyprint? typedefNS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSEnumerationOptions) { NSEnumerationConcurrent = (1UL <<0),// block并发  NSEnumerationReverse = (1UL <<1),//倒序  }; (3)快速遍历 [objc] view plaincopyprint? for (id e in array) { NSLog(@"e = %@", e); } 3.查询数组(Finding) 3.1 indexOfObject(IdenticalTo) [objc] view plaincopyprint? // 在数组(或指定范围)中,测试指定的对象是否在数组中(按值查询)  - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject; // 同containsObject  - (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range; // 测试指定的对象是否在数组中(按指针查询)  - (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectIdenticalTo:(id)anObject; - (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectIdenticalTo:(id)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range; 3.2 indexOfObject(s)PassingTest 使用代码块传递遍历操作过滤条件: [objc] view plaincopyprint? //查找数组中第一个符合条件的对象(代码块过滤),返回对应索引  - (NSUInteger)indexOfObjectPassingTest:(BOOL (^)(id obj,NSUInteger idx, BOOLBOOL *stop))predicate NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0); 以下代码用于获取值等于@"e3"的元素索引: [objc] view plaincopyprint? NSUInteger index = [array indexOfObjectPassingTest:^BOOL(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOLBOOL *stop) { if ([obj isEqualToString:@"e3"]) { return YES; *stop = YES; // 中止遍历,break  } else { *stop = NO; // 继续遍历,continue  } }]; 查找数组中所有符合条件的对象(代码块过滤),返回对应索引集合: [objc] view plaincopyprint? - (NSIndexSet *)indexesOfObjectsPassingTest:(BOOL (^)(id obj,NSUInteger idx, BOOLBOOL *stop)) predicate NS_AVAILABLE(10_6,4_0); 以上indexesOfObjectPassingTest/ indexesOfObjectsPassingTest版本默认是顺序同步遍历,它们都有另外可以指定NSEnumerationOptions参数的扩展版本。 indexOfObjectAtIndexes:options:passingTest:和indexOfObjectsAtIndexes:options:passingTest:则是指定索引集合内查找并返回索引(集合)。 3.3 firstObjectCommonWithArray [objc] view plaincopyprint? //查找与给定数组中第一个相同的对象(按值)  - (id)firstObjectCommonWithArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; 示例: [objc] view plaincopyprint? id fo = [array firstObjectCommonWithArray:subArray]; NSLog(@"fo= %@", fo); // e1  4.衍生数组(Deriving) [objc] view plaincopyprint? //返回指定范围(起始索引、长度)的子数组  - (NSArray *)subarrayWithRange:(NSRange)range; 以下代码获取数组前一半子数组: [objc] view plaincopyprint? //return the first half of the whole array  NSArray* subArray = [array subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(0,array.count/2)]; NSLog(@"subArray= %@", subArray); [objc] view plaincopyprint? //在当前数组追加元素或数组,并返回新数组对象  - (NSArray *)arrayByAddingObject:(id)anObject; - (NSArray *)arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; 5.可变数组(NSMutableArray5.1 Initializing an Array(NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER) 除了继承NSArray基本的init,还增加了以下指定初始化函数 [objc] view plaincopyprint? - (instancetype)initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)numItemsNS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER; 5.2 addObject [objc] view plaincopyprint? //尾部追加一个元素  - (void)addObject:(id)anObject; //尾部追加一个数组  - (void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; 5.3 insertObject [objc] view plaincopyprint? //在指定索引处插入一个元素,原来的元素后移  // index取值范围=[0, count],index=count时相当于addObject  - (void)insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index; //在指定索引集合处插入一个数组元素,相当于批次insertObject: atIndex:  - (void)insertObjects:(NSArray *)objects atIndexes:(NSIndexSet*)indexes; 5.4 exchangeObject/replaceObject [objc] view plaincopyprint? //交换对应索引位置的元素(索引必须有效)  - (void)exchangeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx1 withObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx2; //替换对应索引位置的元素(索引必须有效)  - (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)anObject; //替换对应索引集合位置的元素,相当于批次replaceObjectAtIndex: withObject:  - (void)replaceObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes withObjects:(NSArray*)objects; //等效于replaceObjectAtIndex,支持中括号下标格式(array[index])赋值替换。  // index取值范围=[0, count],index=count时相当于addObject  - (void)setObject:(id)obj atIndexedSubscript:(NSUInteger)idxNS_AVAILABLE(10_8,6_0); //等效于先removeAllObjects后addObjectsFromArray  - (void)setArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; 5.5 removeObject [objc] view plaincopyprint? - (void)removeLastObject; //删除对应索引位置/范围的元素(索引/范围必须有效)  - (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index; - (void)removeObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes; - (void)removeObjectsInRange:(NSRange)range; //有则删除  - (void)removeObject:(id)anObject; - (void)removeObject:(id)anObject inRange:(NSRange)range; - (void)removeObjectsInArray:(NSArray *)otherArray; - (void)removeAllObjects; 

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