Win7—64bit下Oracle和plsqldev的安装使用

现象描述：Win7-64bit中成功安装了  Oracle_win64_11gR2_database  和  plsqldev715  之后
                    启动plsqldev时，发现其无法识别Oracle实例

主要原因：32位的应用程序PLSQL Developer在加载64位的oci.dll时，出错！！

解决办法：1、下载Oracle  Instant  Client
                         地址http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/downloads/index.html
                         点击Database栏中的Instant Client，转向后页面中点击Instant Client for Microsoft Windows(32-bit)链接
                         然后在新页面中点击Accept License Agreement单选框，最后单击instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip下载链接
                         该链接的标注为Instant Client Package - Basic: All files required to run OCI, OCCI, and JDBC-OCI applications
                         实际下载地址为http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/instantclient/112020/instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip
                    2、解压Oracle Instant Client
                         将下载到的47.9MB大小的instantclient-basic-nt-11.2.0.2.0.zip解压到本地
                         原则上可将其解压至任意目录，但不推荐路径名含有中文及空格。这里我将其解压到了%ORACLE_HOME%\product\目录中
                    3、拷贝tnsnames.ora到instantclient_11_2根目录中
                         将\\%ORACLE_HOME%\\product\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\NETWORK\\ADMIN\\中的tnsnames.ora拷贝到instantclient_11_2根目录中
                         我们也可以自行创建tnsnames.ora文件，其模版配置如下
                         系统标识符SID =
                                     (DESCRIPTION =
                                             (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 数据库服务器IP地址)(PORT = 端口))
                                             (CONNECT_DATA =
                                                     (SERVER = DEDICATED)
                                                     (SERVICE_NAME = 数据库服务名)    或者    (SID = 数据库服务名)  
                                             )
                                     )
                         备注：我们会发现，即便在instantclient_11_2根目录中创建了tnsnames.ora文件后，plsqldve偶尔也会无法识别Oracle实例
                                   于是我就索性一股脑将sqlnet.ora、listener.ora、tnsnames.ora三个文件都拷贝到了instantclient_11_2根目录中
                                   实践发现，这么做之后，就没有出现过plsqldev识别Oracle实例失败的现象了，大家可以参考一下
                    4、配置系统环境变量
                         Win7---计算机---属性---高级系统设置---环境变量---在系统变量中新增TNS_ADMIN和NLS_LANG变量
                         TNS_ADMIN = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2
                         NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8  或者  SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
                         其中AMERICAN_AMERICA是固定的，因为InstantClient不支持其他语言，而后半部分的AL32UTF8则取决于数据库的字符集
                    5、配置plsqldev连接参数
                         启动plsqldev---Tools---Preferences---Connection---配置Oracle Home和OCI library路径
                         其中Oracle Home应该导航到InstantClient的解压目录，而OCI Library则指向到该目录下的oci.dll
                         Oracle Home = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2
                         OCI library = %ORACLE_HOME%\product\instantclient_11_2\oci.dll
                    6、重启plsqldev

补充：也可以写一个批处理(*.bat)文件，来自动设置启动plsqldev时所需的变量。如下所示
            @echo off
            set TNS_ADMIN=D:\Develop\Oracle\product\instantclient_11_2
            set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
            start D:\Program" "Files\PLSQL" "Developer\plsqldev.exe