import
sys
def
stdoutToFile(filename, function, args ):
oldStdout
=
sys.stdout
f
=
open(filename,
"
w
"
)
sys.stdout
=
f
function(args)
#
sys.stdout.flush()
#
f.close()
sys.stdout
=
oldStdout
if
__name__
==
'
__main__
'
:
print
(
"
modules
"
)
stdoutToFile(
"
modules.txt
"
, help,
"
modules
"
)
print
(
"
builtins
"
)
stdoutToFile(
"
builtins.txt
"
, help,
"
builtins
"
)
print
(
"
keywords
"
)
stdoutToFile(
"
keyword.txt
"
, help,
"
keywords
"
)
FUNCTIONS
__build_class__
(...)
__build_class__
(func, name,
*
bases, metaclass
=
None,
**
kwds)
->
class
Internal helper function used by the
class
statement.
__import__
(...)
__import__
(name, globals
=
{}, locals
=
{}, fromlist
=
[], level
=-
1
)
->
module
Import a module. The globals are only used to determine the context;
they are
not
modified. The locals are currently unused. The fromlist
should be a list of names to emulate ``
from
name
import
...
''
,
or
an
empty list to emulate ``
import
name
''
.
When importing a module
from
a package, note that
__import__
(
'
A.B
'
, ...)
returns package A when fromlist
is
empty, but its submodule B when
fromlist
is
not
empty. Level
is
used to determine whether to perform
absolute
or
relative imports.
-
1
is
the original strategy of attempting
both absolute
and
relative imports, 0
is
absolute, a positive number
is
the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.
abs(...)
abs(number)
->
number
Return the absolute value of the argument.
all(...)
all(iterable)
->
bool
Return True
if
bool(x)
is
True
for
all values x
in
the iterable.
any(...)
any(iterable)
->
bool
Return True
if
bool(x)
is
True
for
any x
in
the iterable.
ascii(...)
ascii(object)
->
string
As repr(),
return
a string containing a printable representation of an
object, but escape the non
-
ASCII characters
in
the string returned by
repr() using \x, \u
or
\U escapes. This generates a string similar
to that returned by repr()
in
Python
2
.
bin(...)
bin(number)
->
string
Return the binary representation of an integer
or
long integer.
chr(...)
chr(i)
->
Unicode character
Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0
<=
i
<=
0x10ffff
.
If
0x10000
<=
i, a surrogate pair
is
returned.
compile(...)
compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]])
->
code object
Compile the source string (a Python module, statement
or
expression)
into a code object that can be executed by
exec
()
or
eval().
The filename will be used
for
run
-
time error messages.
The mode must be
'
exec
'
to compile a module,
'
single
'
to compile a
single (interactive) statement,
or
'
eval
'
to compile an expression.
The flags argument,
if
present, controls which future statements influence
the compilation of the code.
The dont_inherit argument,
if
non
-
zero, stops the compilation inheriting
the effects of any future statements
in
effect
in
the code calling
compile;
if
absent
or
zero these statements do influence the compilation,
in
addition to any features explicitly specified.
delattr(...)
delattr(object, name)
Delete a named attribute on an object; delattr(x,
'
y
'
)
is
equivalent to
``
del
x.y
''
.
dir(...)
dir([object])
->
list of strings
If called without an argument,
return
the names
in
the current scope.
Else,
return
an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
of the given object,
and
of attributes reachable
from
it.
If the object supplies a method named
__dir__
, it will be used; otherwise
the default dir() logic
is
used
and
returns:
for
a module object: the module
'
s attributes.
for
a
class
object: its attributes,
and
recursively the attributes
of its bases.
for
any other object: its attributes, its
class
'
s attributes, and
recursively the attributes of its
class
'
s base classes.
divmod(...)
divmod(x, y)
->
(div, mod)
Return the tuple ((x
-
x
%
y)
/
y, x
%
y). Invariant: div
*
y
+
mod
==
x.
eval(...)
eval(source[, globals[, locals]])
->
value
Evaluate the source
in
the context of globals
and
locals.
The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or
a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary
and
locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals
and
locals.
If only globals
is
given, locals defaults to it.
exec
(...)
exec
(object[, globals[, locals]])
Read
and
execute code
from
a object, which can be a string
or
a code
object.
The globals
and
locals are dictionaries, defaulting to the current
globals
and
locals. If only globals
is
given, locals defaults to it.
format(...)
format(value[, format_spec])
->
string
Returns value.
__format__
(format_spec)
format_spec defaults to
""
getattr(...)
getattr(object, name[, default])
->
value
Get a named attribute
from
an object; getattr(x,
'
y
'
)
is
equivalent to x.y.
When a default argument
is
given, it
is
returned when the attribute doesn
'
t
exist; without it, an exception
is
raised
in
that case.
globals(...)
globals()
->
dictionary
Return the dictionary containing the current scope
'
s global variables.
hasattr(...)
hasattr(object, name)
->
bool
Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.
(This
is
done by calling getattr(object, name)
and
catching exceptions.)
hash(...)
hash(object)
->
integer
Return a hash value
for
the object. Two objects with the same value have
the same hash value. The reverse
is
not
necessarily true, but likely.
hex(...)
hex(number)
->
string
Return the hexadecimal representation of an integer
or
long integer.
id(...)
id(object)
->
integer
Return the identity of an object. This
is
guaranteed to be unique among
simultaneously existing objects. (Hint: it
'
s the object
'
s memory address.)
input(...)
input([prompt])
->
string
Read a string
from
standard input. The trailing newline
is
stripped.
If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl
-
D, Windows: Ctl
-
Z
+
Return),
raise
EOFError.
On Unix, GNU readline
is
used
if
enabled. The prompt string,
if
given,
is
printed without a trailing newline before reading.
isinstance(...)
isinstance(object,
class
-
or
-
type
-
or
-
tuple)
->
bool
Return whether an object
is
an instance of a
class
or
of a subclass thereof.
With a type as second argument,
return
whether that
is
the object
'
s type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)),
is
a shortcut
for
isinstance(x, A)
or
isinstance(x, B)
or
... (etc.).
issubclass(...)
issubclass(C, B)
->
bool
Return whether
class
C
is
a subclass (i.e., a derived
class
) of
class
B.
When using a tuple as the second argument issubclass(X, (A, B, ...)),
is
a shortcut
for
issubclass(X, A)
or
issubclass(X, B)
or
... (etc.).
iter(...)
iter(iterable)
->
iterator
iter(callable, sentinel)
->
iterator
Get an iterator
from
an object. In the first form, the argument must
supply its own iterator,
or
be a sequence.
In the second form, the callable
is
called until it returns the sentinel.
len(...)
len(object)
->
integer
Return the number of items of a sequence
or
mapping.
locals(...)
locals()
->
dictionary
Update
and
return
a dictionary containing the current scope
'
s local variables.
max(...)
max(iterable[, key
=
func])
->
value
max(a, b, c, ...[, key
=
func])
->
value
With a single iterable argument,
return
its largest item.
With two
or
more arguments,
return
the largest argument.
min(...)
min(iterable[, key
=
func])
->
value
min(a, b, c, ...[, key
=
func])
->
value
With a single iterable argument,
return
its smallest item.
With two
or
more arguments,
return
the smallest argument.
next(...)
next(iterator[, default])
Return the next item
from
the iterator. If default
is
given
and
the iterator
is
exhausted, it
is
returned instead of raising StopIteration.
oct(...)
oct(number)
->
string
Return the octal representation of an integer
or
long integer.
open(...)
Open file
and
return
a stream. Raise IOError upon failure.
file
is
either a text
or
byte string giving the name (
and
the path
if
the file isn
'
t in the current working directory) of the file to
be opened
or
an integer file descriptor of the file to be
wrapped. (If a file descriptor
is
given, it
is
closed when the
returned I
/
O object
is
closed, unless closefd
is
set to False.)
mode
is
an optional string that specifies the mode
in
which the file
is
opened. It defaults to
'
r
'
which means open
for
reading
in
text
mode. Other common values are
'
w
'
for
writing (truncating the file
if
it already exists),
and
'
a
'
for
appending (which on some Unix systems,
means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the
current seek position). In text mode,
if
encoding
is
not
specified the
encoding used
is
platform dependent. (For reading
and
writing raw
bytes use binary mode
and
leave encoding unspecified.) The available
modes are:
=========
===============================================================
Character Meaning
---------
---------------------------------------------------------------
'
r
'
open
for
reading (default)
'
w
'
open
for
writing, truncating the file first
'
a
'
open
for
writing, appending to the end of the file
if
it exists
'
b
'
binary mode
'
t
'
text mode (default)
'
+
'
open a disk file
for
updating (reading
and
writing)
'
U
'
universal newline mode (
for
backwards compatibility; unneeded
for
new code)
=========
===============================================================
The default mode
is
'
rt
'
(open
for
reading text). For binary random
access, the mode
'
w+b
'
opens
and
truncates the file to 0 bytes,
while
'
r+b
'
opens the file without truncation.
Python distinguishes between files opened
in
binary
and
text modes,
even when the underlying operating system doesn
'
t. Files opened in
binary mode (appending
'
b
'
to the mode argument)
return
contents as
bytes objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default,
or
when
'
t
'
is
appended to the mode argument), the contents of the file are
returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a
platform
-
dependent encoding
or
using the specified encoding
if
given.
buffering
is
an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. By
default full buffering
is
on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only
allowed
in
binary mode),
1
to set line buffering,
and
an integer
>
1
for
full buffering.
encoding
is
the name of the encoding used to decode
or
encode the
file. This should only be used
in
text mode. The default encoding
is
platform dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be
passed. See the codecs module
for
the list of supported encodings.
errors
is
an optional string that specifies how encoding errors are to
be handled
---
this argument should
not
be used
in
binary mode. Pass
'
strict
'
to
raise
a ValueError exception
if
there
is
an encoding error
(the default of None has the same effect),
or
pass
'
ignore
'
to ignore
errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)
See the documentation
for
codecs.register
for
a list of the permitted
encoding error strings.
newline controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text
mode). It can be None,
''
,
'
\n
'
,
'
\r
'
,
and
'
\r\n
'
. It works as
follows:
*
On input,
if
newline
is
None, universal newlines mode
is
enabled. Lines
in
the input can end
in
'
\n
'
,
'
\r
'
,
or
'
\r\n
'
,
and
these are translated into
'
\n
'
before being returned to the
caller. If it
is
''
, universal newline mode
is
enabled, but line
endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of
the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the given
string,
and
the line ending
is
returned to the caller untranslated.
*
On output,
if
newline
is
None, any
'
\n
'
characters written are
translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep. If
newline
is
''
, no translation takes place. If newline
is
any of the
other legal values, any
'
\n
'
characters written are translated to
the given string.
If closefd
is
False, the underlying file descriptor will be kept open
when the file
is
closed. This does
not
work when a file name
is
given
and
must be True
in
that case.
open() returns a file object whose type depends on the mode,
and
through which the standard file operations such as reading
and
writing
are performed. When open()
is
used to open a file
in
a text mode (
'
w
'
,
'
r
'
,
'
wt
'
,
'
rt
'
, etc.), it returns a TextIOWrapper. When used to open
a file
in
a binary mode, the returned
class
varies:
in
read binary
mode, it returns a BufferedReader;
in
write binary
and
append binary
modes, it returns a BufferedWriter,
and
in
read
/
write mode, it returns
a BufferedRandom.
It
is
also possible to use a string
or
bytearray as a file
for
both
reading
and
writing. For strings StringIO can be used like a file
opened
in
a text mode,
and
for
bytes a BytesIO can be used like a file
opened
in
a binary mode.
ord(...)
ord(c)
->
integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one
-
character string.
A valid surrogate pair
is
also accepted.
pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z])
->
number
With two arguments, equivalent to x
**
y. With three arguments,
equivalent to (x
**
y)
%
z, but may be more efficient (e.g.
for
longs).
print
(...)
print
(value, ..., sep
=
'
'
, end
=
'
\n
'
, file
=
sys.stdout)
Prints the values to a stream,
or
to sys.stdout by default.
Optional keyword arguments:
file: a file
-
like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
sep: string inserted between values, default a space.
end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.
repr(...)
repr(object)
->
string
Return the canonical string representation of the object.
For most object types, eval(repr(object))
==
object.
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits])
->
number
Round a number to a given precision
in
decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This returns an int when called with one argument, otherwise the
same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.
setattr(...)
setattr(object, name, value)
Set a named attribute on an object; setattr(x,
'
y
'
, v)
is
equivalent to
``x.y
=
v
''
.
sorted(...)
sorted(iterable, key
=
None, reverse
=
False)
-->
new sorted list
sum(...)
sum(iterable[, start])
->
value
Returns the sum of an iterable of numbers (NOT strings) plus the value
of parameter
'
start
'
(which defaults to 0). When the iterable
is
empty, returns start.
vars(...)
vars([object])
->
dictionary
Without arguments, equivalent to locals().
With an argument, equivalent to object.
__dict__
.