利用css样式画各种图形
利用css画图形，是个有利有弊的写法，好处是不用画图，且节省了一些流量，坏处是要写长串的css样式，而且有可能流量并没有减少，用与否视情况而定，个人选择。
其中用了css3.0的一些属性，所以这里声明：请用支持css3.0的浏览器看此文章！
上面这几个相对比较简单,没什么可解释的,看下面源码：
/*正方形*/
.Square {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: #669;
}
/*矩形*/
.rectangle {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background: #669;
}
/*梯形*/
.trapezoid {
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - left: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 50px solid transparent;
height: 0;
width: 100px;
}
/*平行四边形*/
.parallelogram {
width: 150px;
height: 100px;
- webkit - transform: skew( - 20deg);
- moz - transform: skew( - 20deg);
- o - transform: skew( - 20deg);
background: #669;
margin - left: 20px;
}
上面这些三角，其实也很常见，主要原理是利用了相邻两个边框的接壤处分配原则，如果没有宽度和高度的话，其实应该是四个三角形接成的矩形，下面是上面图形的源码：
/*三角形*/
.triangle - up {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - left: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 50px solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
}.triangle - down {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - left: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 50px solid transparent;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
}.triangle - left {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - top: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 100px solid#669;
border - bottom: 50px solid transparent;
}.triangle - right {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - top: 50px solid transparent;
border - left: 100px solid#669;
border - bottom: 50px solid transparent;
}.triangle - updown {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - left: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 50px solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
position: relative;
margin - bottom: 50px
}.triangle - updown: after {
content: " ";
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - left: 50px solid transparent;
border - right: 50px solid transparent;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
left: -50px;
}.triangle - topleft {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
border - right: 100px solid transparent;
}.triangle - topright {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
border - left: 100px solid transparent;
}.triangle - bottomleft {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - right: 100px solid transparent;
}.triangle - bottomright {
width: 0;
height: 0;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - left: 100px solid transparent;
}
看下面例子，清楚的标明了，四个边的情况，上面的三角形都是利用了这个原理，让不想显示的边框透明transparent：
其实这个跟上面画三角形的原理很相似，都是利用相邻边框接壤的配原则。另还主要利用了css3.0的圆角属性 border-radius 适当的调整大小会有不同的效果！结合border-width调整，可以得到不同的图形。
当然适当的调整角度和组合，可以得到更多的图形.
/*圆形 主要利用了css3.0的圆角属性 border-radius 适当的调整大小会有不同的效果*/
.circle {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: #669;
- moz - border - radius: 50px;
- webkit - border - radius: 50px;
border - radius: 50px;
}.circle - circle {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 20px solid#669;
background: #fff;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px;
}.circle - up {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
border - right: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
}.circle - down {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - right: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 100px 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 100px 100px;
border - radius: 0 0 100px 100px;
}.circle - left {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 100px 0 0 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px 0 0 100px;
border - radius: 100px 0 0 100px;
}.circle - right {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
border - radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
}.circle - lefttop {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 100px 100px 0;
border - radius: 100px 0 0 0;
}.circle - righttop {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - top: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
}.circle - rightbottom {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
}.circle - leftbottom {
width: 100px;
height: 0px;
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 100px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
}
下面是适当的调整边框宽度和圆角得到的效果：
/*适当的调整边框宽度和圆角得到的效果*/
.tail - lefttop {
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - top: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 100px 0 0 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px 0 0 0;
border - radius: 100px 0 0 0;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}.tail - righttop {
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - top: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
border - radius: 0 100px 0 0;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}.tail - rightbottom {
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
border - radius: 0 0 100px 0;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;;
}.tail - leftbottom {
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
border - radius: 0 0 0 100px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
当然可以通过上面延伸画出更多的效果比如：提示泡
.pop {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
- moz - border - radius: 20px;
- webkit - border - radius: 20px;
border - radius: 20px;
background: #669;
margin - top: 20px;
position: relative
}.pop: after {
content: "";
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: relative;
margin - top: 20px;
- webkit - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- moz - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- ms - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- o - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
}
上面是css实现代码，基本原理又多了一项，就是利用了:after伪类，小尾巴上面已经介绍过了，这里又利用了一个css3.0的属性transform:rotate旋转了一个角度，同时还实现了另外的一个图形--圆角矩形，这是最基本radius的用法，没什么可讲的。当然这里也可以延伸出另一个伪类:before画出第二个小尾巴，当然也不仅限于小尾巴，上面的圆角矩形也可以换成椭圆。
下面给出实现代码：
.oval - pop {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
background: #669;
- moz - border - radius: 100px / 50px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px / 50px;
border - radius: 100px / 50px;
margin - bottom: 50px;
position: relative
}.oval - pop: after {
content: "";
border: 0 solid transparent;
border - bottom: 30px solid#669;
- moz - border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
- webkit - border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
border - radius: 0 0 0 200px;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
position: relative;
margin - top: 20px;
- webkit - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- moz - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- ms - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
- o - transform: rotate( - 90deg);
position: absolute;
top: 50px;
left: 20px
}
效果如下：
同时，也给出了椭圆的实现代码。 其中 border-radius: 100px / 50px; 中有一个“/” 这个符号是很少出现在css样式中的。因为，圆角有水平方向也有垂直方向，所以"/"前面代表水平方向，后面代表垂直方向。
于是我们又多了一个属性，又多了一个发挥的方向。突然间我们发现css画图形其实就是对属性的组合创造。多试几次，相信每个人都很好的掌握这个技能！
下面再看一个属性，其实是对上面讲过的属性的一个扩展。
可以说是画圆的扩展也可以说是对圆角矩形的扩展---胶囊形：
下面是实现代码，基本属性上面我们都利用过，只是稍做调整：
.capsule {
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px;
width: 200px;
height: 70px;
background: #669;
}.v - capsule {
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px;
width: 80px;
height: 200px;
background: #669
}.up - capsule {
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 70px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
}.r45 - capsule {
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 70px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate(45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate(45deg);
- o - transform: rotate(45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate(45deg);
margin - left: 20px;
}.l45 - capsule {
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 70px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- o - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
margin - left: 20px;
}.lr45 - capsule {
width: 160px;
height: 130px;
position: relative
}.lr45 - capsule: before {
content: " ";
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 80px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- o - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
position: absolute;
left: 20px;
}.lr45 - capsule: after {
content: " ";
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 80px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate(45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate(45deg);
- o - transform: rotate(45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate(45deg);
position: absolute;
left: 160px;
top: 00px;
}
细观察一下最后两个图形如果合在一起好像能组成一个心形，其实就是一个心形：
.heart {
width: 160px;
height: 200px;
position: relative
}.heart: before {
content: " ";
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 80px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- o - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate( - 45deg);
position: absolute;
left: 20px;
}.heart: after {
content: " ";
border: 0 solid transparent;
- moz - border - radius: 100px;
- webkit - border - radius: 100px;
border - radius: 100px 100px 0 0;
width: 80px;
height: 120px;
background: #669;
- moz - transform: rotate(45deg);
- ms - transform: rotate(45deg);
- o - transform: rotate(45deg);
- webkit - transform: rotate(45deg);
position: absolute;
left: 48px;
top: 0px;
}