在twitter-bootstrap中有这么一个功能:
我们如何在WPF也实现类似这种写法:
<TextBox local:placeholder="请输入筛选条件..." />
首先熟悉一点WPF的人都知道,placeholder在这里是一个附加属性,而这个附加属性的类型是String。
首先我们想到的可能是这样:
1 public static string GetPlaceholder1(DependencyObject obj)
2 {
3 return (string)obj.GetValue(Placeholder1Property);
4 }
5 public static void SetPlaceholder1(DependencyObject obj, string value)
6 {
7 obj.SetValue(Placeholder1Property, value);
8 }
9 public static readonly DependencyProperty Placeholder1Property =
10 DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Placeholder1", typeof(string), typeof(TextBoxHelper),
11 new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty, new PropertyChangedCallback(OnPlaceholder1Changed)));
12 public static void OnPlaceholder1Changed(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
13 {
14 TextBox txt = d as TextBox;
15 if (txt == null || e.NewValue.ToString().Trim().Length == 0) return;
16 RoutedEventHandler loadHandler = null;
17 loadHandler = (s1, e1) =>
18 {
19 txt.Loaded -= loadHandler;
20 if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
21 {
22 txt.Text = e.NewValue.ToString();
23 txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
24 txt.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
25 }
26 };
27 txt.Loaded += loadHandler;
28 txt.GotFocus += (s1, e1) =>
29 {
30 if (txt.Text == e.NewValue.ToString())
31 {
32 txt.Clear();
33 txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Normal;
34 txt.Foreground = SystemColors.WindowTextBrush;
35 }
36 };
37 txt.LostFocus += (s1, e1) =>
38 {
39 if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
40 {
41 txt.Text = e.NewValue.ToString();
42 txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
43 txt.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
44 }
45 };
46 }
基本存在以下几个问题:
1 txt.GotFocus += (s1, e1) =>
2 {
3 if (txt.Text == e.NewValue.ToString()
4 && txt.FontStyle == FontStyles.Italic
5 && txt.Foreground == Brushes.Gray)
6 {
7 txt.Clear();
8 txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Normal;
9 txt.Foreground = SystemColors.WindowTextBrush;
10 }
11 };
上面实现方式所带来的弊端,可以使用装饰器解决。
首先定义一个装饰器,它可能是这样:
1 public class PlaceholderAdorner1 : Adorner
2 {
3 string _placeholder;
4 public PlaceholderAdorner1(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
5 : base(ele)
6 {
7 _placeholder = placeholder;
8 }
9 protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
10 {
11 TextBox txt = this.AdornedElement as TextBox;
12 if (txt == null || !txt.IsVisible || string.IsNullOrEmpty(_placeholder)) return;
13 this.IsHitTestVisible = false;
14 drawingContext.DrawText(
15 new FormattedText
16 (
17 _placeholder,
18 CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
19 txt.FlowDirection,
20 new Typeface(txt.FontFamily, FontStyles.Italic, txt.FontWeight, txt.FontStretch),
21 txt.FontSize,
22 Brushes.Gray
23 ),
24 new Point(4, 2));
25 }
26 }
思路很简单,记录下这个占位符,然后给TextBox指定位置画出来。
这时候,附加属性可能是这样:
1 public static string GetPlaceholder2(DependencyObject obj)
2 {
3 return (string)obj.GetValue(Placeholder2Property);
4 }
5 public static void SetPlaceholder2(DependencyObject obj, string value)
6 {
7 obj.SetValue(Placeholder2Property, value);
8 }
9 public static readonly DependencyProperty Placeholder2Property =
10 DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Placeholder2", typeof(string), typeof(TextBoxHelper),
11 new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty, new PropertyChangedCallback(OnPlaceholder2Changed)));
12 public static void OnPlaceholder2Changed(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
13 {
14 TextBox txt = d as TextBox;
15 if (txt == null || e.NewValue.ToString().Trim().Length == 0) return;
16 RoutedEventHandler loadHandler = null;
17 loadHandler = (s1, e1) =>
18 {
19 txt.Loaded -= loadHandler;
20 var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
21 if (lay == null) return;
22 Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
23 if (ar != null)
24 {
25 for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
26 {
27 if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
28 {
29 lay.Remove(ar[i]);
30 }
31 }
32 }
33 if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
34 lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
35 };
36 txt.Loaded += loadHandler;
37 txt.TextChanged += (s1, e1) =>
38 {
39 bool isShow = txt.Text.Length == 0;
40 var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
41 if (lay == null) return;
42 if (isShow)
43 {
44 lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
45 }
46 else
47 {
48 Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
49 if (ar != null)
50 {
51 for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
52 {
53 if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
54 {
55 lay.Remove(ar[i]);
56 }
57 }
58 }
59 }
60 };
61 }
可以看到,附加属性只是对于装饰器的删除和添加,别无其他。
运行看看效果,都还不错,第一种实现所出现的问题也都能解决,但是随即发现一个问题:
针对上述的问题,首先分析问题原因,首先知道OnRender方法是在UIElement中定义,看方法的注释中,意思似乎是只在布局改变时才调用,从OnRender方面下手几乎不可能。
回想WinForm出现此类情况的解决方案,无非是调用Invalidate之类的,但是存在一个时机的问题。
如果当TextBox的Visibility改变时,能获取通知,上述问题就可以解决,而且直接可以删除改装饰器。
鉴于WPF中的触发器能得到某个属性改变的通知,那么我们自己肯定也能得到。
1 public PlaceholderAdorner1(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
2 : base(ele)
3 {
4 _placeholder = placeholder;
5 var dpd = DependencyPropertyDescriptor.FromProperty(UIElement.VisibilityProperty, typeof(UIElement));
6 dpd.AddValueChanged(ele, new EventHandler((s1, e1) =>
7 {
8 this.InvalidateVisual();
9 }));
10 }
测试发现,上述问题确实已经解决。
当然,除了可以在装饰器中重绘一次,还可以直接在属性改变时直接删除该装饰器。
1 var dpd = DependencyPropertyDescriptor.FromProperty(UIElement.VisibilityProperty, typeof(UIElement));
2 dpd.AddValueChanged(txt, new EventHandler((s1, e1) =>
3 {
4 bool isShow = txt.Text.Length == 0 && txt.Visibility == Visibility.Visible;
5 var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
6 if (lay == null) return;
7 if (isShow)
8 {
9 lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
10 }
11 else
12 {
13 Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
14 if (ar != null)
15 {
16 for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
17 {
18 if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
19 {
20 lay.Remove(ar[i]);
21 }
22 }
23 }
24 }
25 }));
这段代码当然直接可以写在OnPlaceholder2Changed事件处理函数中。
由于某次手动生成触发器的时候,发现注册属性改变通知和触发器还是有一定的不同的(具体问题有时间再提)。
所以对于这种实现方式总是心有余悸。
所幸装饰器除了使用OnRender方法,还有别的实现方式。
1 public class PlaceholderAdorner2 : Adorner
2 {
3 private VisualCollection _visCollec;
4 private TextBlock _tb;
5 private TextBox _txt;
6 public PlaceholderAdorner2(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
7 : base(ele)
8 {
9 _txt = ele as TextBox;
10 if (_txt == null) return;
11 Binding bd = new Binding("IsVisible");
12 bd.Source = _txt;
13 bd.Mode = BindingMode.OneWay;
14 bd.Converter = new BoolToVisibilityConverter();
15 this.SetBinding(TextBox.VisibilityProperty, bd);
16 _visCollec = new VisualCollection(this);
17 _tb = new TextBlock();
18 _tb.Style = null;
19 _tb.FontSize = _txt.FontSize;
20 _tb.FontFamily = _txt.FontFamily;
21 _tb.FontWeight = _txt.FontWeight;
22 _tb.FontStretch = _txt.FontStretch;
23 _tb.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
24 _tb.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
25 _tb.Text = placeholder;
26 _tb.IsHitTestVisible = false;
27 _visCollec.Add(_tb);
28 }
29 protected override int VisualChildrenCount
30 {
31 get
32 {
33 return _visCollec.Count;
34 }
35 }
36 protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
37 {
38 _tb.Arrange(new Rect(new Point(4, 2), finalSize));
39 return finalSize;
40 }
41 protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
42 {
43 return _visCollec[index];
44 }
45 }
代码不难理解,就是给TextBox上面又放了一个TextBlock,并且把TextBlock的Visibility属性和TextBox的Visibility属性绑定。
最后附上文中demo下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/nanqi/NanQi.Controls.Placeholder.zip
end.