考研英语语法_Day04_定语从句

一、什么是定语？

        只要听到 " …的+名词 " , " …的 "就是修饰这个名词的定语。

二、定语的成分

       1、形容词修饰名词
       2、名词修饰名词（第二个名词+of+第一个名词）
       3、介词短语作定语
       4、非谓语动词作定语
       5、从句修饰名词
       6、形容词性物主代词

举个栗子：

  Eg1:
	 The innocent nightingale died.
  Eg2:
	 The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.
  Eg3:
	 The nightingale out of the window heard the sigh of the youngster.
  Eg4：
     The singing nightingale lost his life.

三、定语的位置

前小后大：
      当一个单词修饰名词的时候通常放在名词前，
      当多个单词修饰名词的时候通常放在名词后。
      当过去分词修饰名词的时候，即使只有一个单词也通常放在名词后。

举个栗子康康：

  Eg1:
	  那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了。（非谓语动词修饰名词）
      The youngter grasping romance was declined.
  Eg2:
	  我有一朵和白云一样白的玫瑰花。（介词短语修饰名词）
	  A rose as white as clouds remains available for me.
  Eg3:
	  被扔掉的玫瑰花是红色的。
	  The rose discarded looks red.
  Eg4：
	  这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事。
      This proves a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.

四、定语从句

1、构成

       名词（先行词） + 引导词 + 句子

2、引导词（八个）

      ①按先行词的种类分，共分为五类。

当先行词是人的时候：who、whom、whose
当先行词是物的时候：that、which、whose
当先行词是时间的时候：that、which、when
当先行词是地点的时候：that、which、where
当先行词是原因的时候：that、which、why

      ②按引导词的词性分，共分为三类。

代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who、whom、that、which
副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where、when、why
形容词（在从句中修饰离他最近的那个名词）：whose

3、谁决定引导词的用法？

      ①先行词

      ②引导词在从句中能够充当的成分

举个栗子康康：

 Eg1:
	 夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰花被扔掉了。
     The rose that the nightingale exchanged with his life was dumped. 
 Eg2:
	 这个老人在他儿子到达的那天去世了。
     The senior citizen passed away on the day when his son arrived.
 Eg3:
	 我喜欢王子送给我的珠宝。
	 The gift that the prince sent to me never failed to fascinate me.
	 The gift sent by the prince never fails to fascinate me.

五、定语从句的特殊用法

      1、如果先行词和引导词之间有介词，人不用who，只能用whom，物不用that,只能用which。

 Eg:
	I will never forget the day on which I met you.
	Old fish is a man from whom we should learn.

      2、that引导的定语从句，如果在从句中充当宾语，that可以省略。

      3、区别 the same…as 和 the same…that

 Eg:
	He is the same man as I love.  他就像我爱的那个男人。
    He is the same man that I love.   他就是我爱的那个男人。

      4、区别限制和非限制性定语从句

            在分析长难句的时候，非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语，可以完全不看。

      5、which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整一句话，as也可以，但是as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末，which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句末。

 Eg:
	孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德这是显而易见的。
    Respecting senior citizens keeps a chinese conventional virtue,which has been known for years.

六、定语和定语从句在写作中的使用

只要在作文中见到名词，都可以给它加一个定语的成分给它拉长。

举个栗子康康：

 Eg1:
	 Raising pets cute as well as loyal can reduce loneliness of senior citizens who have no offspring to take care of them.
	
 Eg2:
	 Reading books such as Little Prince,Gone with the Wind and I have a Dream can decrese pressure of all children and adults. 
	 
 Eg3:
	 乌镇是浙江的一个水镇，它位于京杭大运河旁边。
	 WhZhen lying near the river from Beijing to Hangzhou is a water town of Zhejiang province.
	
 Eg4:
	 I going to the library yesterday,a gril whose boyfriend looked like Wu sat in front of me.
	 
 Eg5:
	 外表看起来非常邋遢的他其实内心非常高尚。
     He whose appearance looks indecent keeps noble in his mind.
	  
 Eg6:
	 曾经全力以赴去实现梦想的人即使没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。
	 Those who have spared no efforts to realise their dreams fail to feel pitiful although they never succeed,which is of great significance.