为了进行数据库负载均衡,我们可以使用Spring Boot和MySQL,并结合AbstractRoutingDataSource
来实现数据源的动态切换。下面的实现包括配置多数据源、定义数据源上下文和实现负载均衡策略(如轮询和随机)。
首先在pom.xml
中添加必要的依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aopartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置主库和从库的数据源,并设置一个路由数据源来进行读写分离及负载均衡:
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class DataSourceConfig {
@Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
public DataSource masterDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create()
.url("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_master")
.username("root")
.password("password")
.driverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")
.build();
}
@Bean(name = "slaveDataSource1")
public DataSource slaveDataSource1() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create()
.url("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_slave1")
.username("root")
.password("password")
.driverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")
.build();
}
@Bean(name = "slaveDataSource2")
public DataSource slaveDataSource2() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create()
.url("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_slave2")
.username("root")
.password("password")
.driverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver")
.build();
}
@Bean
public DataSource routingDataSource(@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource,
@Qualifier("slaveDataSource1") DataSource slaveDataSource1,
@Qualifier("slaveDataSource2") DataSource slaveDataSource2) {
AbstractRoutingDataSource routingDataSource = new AbstractRoutingDataSource() {
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
return DbContextHolder.getDbType();
}
};
Map<Object, Object> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put(DbType.MASTER, masterDataSource);
dataSourceMap.put(DbType.SLAVE1, slaveDataSource1);
dataSourceMap.put(DbType.SLAVE2, slaveDataSource2);
routingDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource);
routingDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dataSourceMap);
return routingDataSource;
}
@Bean
public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
}
定义一个上下文类来存储当前的数据库类型(主库或从库):
public class DbContextHolder {
private static final ThreadLocal<DbType> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
public static void setDbType(DbType dbType) {
contextHolder.set(dbType);
}
public static DbType getDbType() {
return contextHolder.get();
}
public static void clearDbType() {
contextHolder.remove();
}
}
public enum DbType {
MASTER,
SLAVE1,
SLAVE2
}
在AOP切面类中实现负载均衡策略。在读操作前选择合适的从库。
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAspect {
private AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Before("execution(* com.example.service.*.find*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.get*(..))")
public void setReadDataSourceType() {
int index = counter.incrementAndGet() % 2;
if (index == 0) {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.SLAVE1);
} else {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.SLAVE2);
}
}
@Before("execution(* com.example.service.*.insert*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.update*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.delete*(..))")
public void setWriteDataSourceType() {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.MASTER);
}
}
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Random;
@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAspect {
private Random random = new Random();
@Before("execution(* com.example.service.*.find*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.get*(..))")
public void setReadDataSourceType() {
int index = random.nextInt(2);
if (index == 0) {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.SLAVE1);
} else {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.SLAVE2);
}
}
@Before("execution(* com.example.service.*.insert*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.update*(..)) || execution(* com.example.service.*.delete*(..))")
public void setWriteDataSourceType() {
DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbType.MASTER);
}
}
实现具体的数据库操作服务类:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class OrderService {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Transactional
public void insertOrder(String orderId, String productName, double price) {
String sql = "INSERT INTO orders (order_id, product_name, price) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql, orderId, productName, price);
}
public List<Order> getOrdersByProductName(String productName) {
String sql = "SELECT * FROM orders WHERE product_name = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new Object[]{productName}, (rs, rowNum) ->
new Order(rs.getString("order_id"), rs.getString("product_name"), rs.getDouble("price")));
}
}
通过调用OrderService
中的方法进行测试:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class TestRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
// 插入数据
orderService.insertOrder("order1", "Product A", 100.0);
// 查询数据
List<Order> orders = orderService.getOrdersByProductName("Product A");
orders.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
通过以上步骤,我们展示了如何实现数据库的负载均衡。关键点如下:
这种方法可以有效地实现数据库负载均衡,提高系统的性能和可扩展性。你可以根据实际需求选择和调整负载均衡策略。