安装postgresql和PGVector
1. 概述
研发有需要，要使用PGVector做向量。简单记录安装postgresql和PGVector过程。
2. 参考
postgresql官方下载连接
postgresql官方linux yum安装
PostgreSQL的安装、配置与使用指南
PostgreSQL向量数据插件–pgvector安装
3. 安装
3.1 只安装postgresql，不安装PGVector
- postgresql可以直接从官网下载仓库源，然后直接安装。
- 如果不想升级CentOS7，可以直接安装postgresql14。
注意：这种方式无法安装PGVector。安装PGVector必须编译安装postgresql
sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql16-server
sudo /usr/pgsql-16/bin/postgresql-16-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-16
sudo systemctl start postgresql-16
sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql14-server
sudo /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-14
sudo systemctl start postgresql-14
- postgresql安装完成后，查看端口（5432）
netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 69818/redis-server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 11566/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 66829/postmaster
tcp6 0 0 192.168.8.63:9200 :::* LISTEN 79905/java
tcp6 0 0 192.168.8.63:9300 :::* LISTEN 79905/java
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 11566/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:5432 :::* LISTEN 66829/postmaster
tcp6 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 58730/xinetd
- 默认系统限制本地登录，密码为空
注意！请登录后修改密码
sudo -u postgres psql
[root@localhost public]# sudo -u postgres psql
psql (14.12)
输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'yourpassword';
postgres-# exit
使用\q 退出.
postgres-# \q
- 切换到postgres账号下编辑配置文件，避免权限出错
su - postgres
cd /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/
- 编辑postgresql.conf，修改以下内容
vim postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
max_connections = 5000 # (change requires restart)
# 这里取了服务器内存的25%
shared_buffers = 32000MB # min 128kB
work_mem = 32MB # min 64kB
maintenance_work_mem = 128MB # min 1MB
# 开启ssl，配置自签名证书和key，注意文件的权限是600，属主是postgres:postgres
ssl = on
ssl_cert_file = '/path/postgresql/data/postgresql-crt.pem'
ssl_key_file = '/path/postgresql/data/postgresql-key.pem'
- 编辑pg_hba.conf，修改以下内容
vim pg_hba.conf
- 增加允许网络连接。注意需要加在IPv4 local connections 下第一条
# IPv4 local connections:
hostssl all all 172.31.0.0/16 scram-sha-256
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 scram-sha-256
3.2 安装postgresql和PGVector
安装PGVector，需要采用编译安装postgresql方式
3.2.1 安装postgresql 16
- 移除系统中的postgresql（系统中没有安装过，可以忽略）
rpm -qa|grep postgresql
yum remove postgresql*
- 准备安装环境
yum install -y perl-ExtUtils-Embed python-devel bison flex readline-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ wget libicu-devel
- 下载需要的安装源码
下载网址：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/v16.3/
wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.3/postgresql-16.3.tar.gz
- 下载并解压
tar -zxvf postgresql-16.3.tar.gz && cd postgresql-16.3
- 指定安装目录编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --enable-debug
sudo make && sudo make install
cd contrib/
make && sudo make install
- 创建postgresql数据目录
- 创建账号
useradd postgres
- 创建目录
mkdir -p /public/postgresql/data
- 目录赋权
chown postgres:postgres /public/postgresql -R
chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql -R
- 添加环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGDATA=/public/postgresql/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- 初始化数据库
su postgres
source /etc/profile
initdb -D /public/postgresql/data
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /public/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctl -D /public/postgresql/data -l logfile start
- 编辑配置文件（同上）
cd /public/postgresql/data
vim postgresql.conf
vim pg_hba.conf
- 启动数据库
pg_ctl -D /public/postgresql/data -l logfile start
- 修改密码
postgres@localhost data]$ psql
psql (16.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'yourpassword';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@localhost data]$
- 远程连接
psql -h 192.168.X.X -p 5432 -U postgres -W
3.2.1 安装pgvector 0.7.4
- 安装git
yum install -y git
- 下载pgvector
下载网址：https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector/tags
# gitcode镜像站
git clone --branch v0.7.4 https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/pg/pgvector.git
- 解压源码
tar -zxvf pgvector-0.7.4.tar.gz && cd pgvector-0.7.4
- 在命令行export设置临时环境变量
sudo make PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config
sudo make PG_CONFIG=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config install
- 登录数据库安装vector 插件
su - postgres
[postgres@localhost ~]$ psql
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION vector;
- 测试向量
postgres=# CREATE TABLE sj_test (id bigserial PRIMARY KEY, embedding vector(3));
postgres=# INSERT INTO sj_test (embedding) VALUES ('[1,2,3]'), ('[4,5,6]');
postgres=# select * from sj_test;
4 Navicat连接
详见 问题记录：Navicat连接postgresql时出现‘datlastsysoid does not exist‘报错的问题
