VS Code SSH 远程连接时断时续 / 不稳定问题排查

注：本文为 “VS Code SSH 远程连接问题” 相关文章合辑。

英文部分机翻，未校。

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Troubleshooting VS Code Remote SSH Connection Issues: A Step-by-Step Guide

排查 VS Code 远程 SSH 连接问题：分步指南

Coded Java, 11-11-2024

Introduction

介绍

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) has revolutionized the way we develop software, offering a robust and versatile platform for coding across diverse languages and environments. One of its most powerful features is the Remote - SSH extension, allowing developers to connect to remote servers and work on projects seamlessly. However, like any complex technology, remote SSH connections can encounter issues, leading to frustration and lost productivity. This comprehensive guide will provide you with a step-by-step approach to troubleshoot common VS Code remote SSH connection problems, empowering you to swiftly identify and resolve them.
Visual Studio Code （VS Code） 彻底改变了我们开发软件的方式，为跨不同语言和环境的编码提供了一个强大且多功能的平台。它最强大的功能之一是远程 - SSH 扩展，允许开发人员连接到远程服务器并无缝地处理项目。但是，与任何复杂技术一样，远程 SSH 连接可能会遇到问题，从而导致挫败感和生产力损失。本综合指南将为您提供解决常见 VS Code 远程 SSH 连接问题的分步方法，使您能够快速识别和解决这些问题。

Understanding the Problem

了解问题

Before diving into troubleshooting, it’s crucial to understand the nature of the issue. Pinpointing the source of the problem is the first step towards a solution. Consider these factors:
在深入研究故障排除之前，了解问题的性质至关重要。查明问题的根源是解决问题的第一步。请考虑以下因素：

• Remote Server Configuration: Are you sure the remote server is correctly set up for SSH access? This includes verifying firewall settings, SSH service status, and user permissions.
  远程服务器配置：您确定远程服务器已正确设置为 SSH 访问吗？这包括验证防火墙设置、SSH 服务状态和用户权限。
• Network Connectivity: Is your local machine able to connect to the remote server over the network? Check for any network issues like firewall blocks, VPN configurations, or internet connectivity problems.
  网络连接：您的本地计算机是否能够通过网络连接到远程服务器？检查是否存在任何网络问题，例如防火墙阻止、VPN 配置或 Internet 连接问题。
• VS Code Settings: Are your VS Code settings for the Remote - SSH extension configured correctly? This includes specifying the SSH connection details, authentication methods, and other relevant parameters.
  VS Code 设置：远程 - SSH 扩展的 VS Code 设置是否配置正确？这包括指定 SSH 连接详细信息、身份验证方法和其他相关参数。
• Extension Updates: Are your VS Code extensions, particularly the Remote - SSH extension, up-to-date? Outdated extensions can sometimes lead to compatibility issues.
  扩展更新：您的 VS Code 扩展（尤其是远程 - SSH 扩展）是否是最新的？过时的扩展有时会导致兼容性问题。

Common Troubleshooting Steps

常见故障排除步骤

Now, let’s delve into the specific troubleshooting steps for resolving VS Code remote SSH connection problems:
现在，让我们深入研究解决 VS Code 远程 SSH 连接问题的具体故障排除步骤：

1. Verify Remote Server Configuration

验证远程服务器配置

• SSH Service Status: Ensure that the SSH service is running on the remote server. You can check this using commands like systemctl status sshd (on Linux/macOS) or sc query sshd (on Windows). If the service is not running, start it using systemctl start sshd or sc start sshd.
  SSH 服务状态：确保 SSH 服务正在远程服务器上运行。您可以使用 systemctl status sshd（在 Linux/macOS 上）或 sc query sshd（在 Windows 上）等命令进行检查。如果服务未运行，请使用 systemctl start sshd 或 sc start sshd 启动它。
• Firewall Rules: Verify that your firewall rules allow SSH connections. On Linux/macOS, you can check and modify firewall settings using tools like ufw, iptables, or firewalld. On Windows, you can use the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security feature. Ensure that ports 22 (for SSH) are open for incoming connections.
  防火墙规则：验证您的防火墙规则是否允许 SSH 连接。在 Linux/macOS 上，您可以使用 ufw、iptables 或 firewalld 等工具检查和修改防火墙设置。在 Windows 上，您可以使用高级安全 Windows 防火墙功能。确保端口 22（用于 SSH）为传入连接打开。
• User Permissions: Confirm that the user account you’re using to connect has SSH access privileges. The user should have a valid SSH key configured for authentication or a valid password set up.
  用户权限：确认您用于连接的用户帐户具有 SSH 访问权限。用户应配置有效的 SSH 密钥进行身份验证或设置有效的密码。

2. Network Connectivity Check

网络连接检查

• Ping Test: Try pinging the remote server’s IP address or hostname from your local machine using the ping command. If the ping is successful, it indicates network connectivity.
  Ping 测试：尝试使用 ping 命令从本地计算机 ping 远程服务器的 IP 地址或主机名。如果 ping 成功，则表示网络连接。
• Port Scan: Use a port scanner like nmap to confirm that the remote server is listening on port 22 (for SSH). If port 22 is not open, the remote server might not be configured correctly for SSH access.
  端口扫描：使用类似 nmap 的端口扫描器确认远程服务器正在侦听端口 22（用于 SSH）。如果端口 22 未打开，则远程服务器可能无法正确配置 SSH 访问。
• VPN and Proxies: If you are using a VPN or proxy, ensure that they are not blocking or interfering with your SSH connection. Temporarily disable them to see if it resolves the issue.
  VPN 和代理：如果您使用的是 VPN 或代理，请确保它们不会阻止或干扰您的 SSH 连接。暂时禁用它们以查看它是否解决了问题。

3. VS Code Settings and Configurations

VS Code 设置和配置

• Connection Details: Double-check the remote server’s hostname, port, and username in your VS Code configuration. Ensure that these details are accurate and match the remote server’s settings.
  连接详细信息：在 VS Code 配置中仔细检查远程服务器的主机名、端口和用户名。确保这些详细信息准确无误，并与远程服务器的设置相匹配。
• Authentication Method: Verify that the authentication method you’re using is correct. If using an SSH key, confirm that the private key is accessible and its permissions are set correctly. If using a password, ensure it’s entered correctly.
  身份验证方法：验证您使用的身份验证方法是否正确。如果使用 SSH 密钥，请确认私钥可访问且其权限设置正确。如果使用密码，请确保输入正确。
• Extension Settings: Explore the Remote - SSH extension settings in VS Code. You can access these by clicking on the Remote - SSH icon on the left sidebar and selecting “Configure Remote Settings” from the “Remote Explorer” pane. Review these settings for any potential conflicts or misconfigurations.
  扩展设置：浏览 VS Code 中的远程 - SSH 扩展设置。您可以通过单击左侧边栏上的远程 - SSH 图标并从“远程资源管理器”窗格中选择“配置远程设置”来访问这些设置。查看这些设置是否存在任何潜在的冲突或错误配置。

4. Extension Updates and Dependencies

扩展更新和依赖项

• Remote - SSH Extension: Ensure that the Remote - SSH extension is up-to-date. You can update extensions by clicking on the Extensions icon (four squares icon) on the left sidebar, searching for the “Remote - SSH” extension, and clicking on the “Update” button if available.
  远程 - SSH 扩展：确保远程 - SSH 扩展是最新的。您可以通过单击左侧边栏上的扩展图标（四个方块图标），搜索“远程 - SSH”扩展，然后单击“更新”按钮（如果可用）来更新扩展。
• VS Code Version: Check your VS Code version and ensure it’s compatible with the Remote - SSH extension. You can check the VS Code release notes or extension marketplace listing for compatibility information.
  VS Code 版本：检查您的 VS Code 版本，并确保它与远程 - SSH 扩展兼容。您可以查看 VS Code 发行说明或扩展市场列表，了解兼容性信息。
• System Dependencies: Ensure that all necessary system dependencies are installed on your local machine. For example, you might need to install an SSH client like OpenSSH or PuTTY depending on your operating system.
  系统依赖项：确保在本地计算机上安装了所有必要的系统依赖项。例如，您可能需要安装 OpenSSH 或 PuTTY 等 SSH 客户端，具体取决于您的操作系统。

Debugging Techniques

调试技术

Sometimes, troubleshooting requires more in-depth analysis and debugging. These techniques can be helpful:
有时，故障排除需要更深入的分析和调试。以下技术可能会有所帮助：

• SSH Logs: Analyze the SSH logs on the remote server for any error messages related to the failed connection attempt. You can find these logs in /var/log/auth.log or /var/log/secure on most Linux distributions.
  SSH 日志：分析远程服务器上的 SSH 日志，查找与连接尝试失败相关的任何错误消息。在大多数 Linux 发行版中，您可以在 /var/log/auth.log 或 /var/log/secure 中找到这些日志。
• VS Code Developer Tools: Use the VS Code Developer Tools (accessible through the “Help” menu) to inspect network requests and logs related to the Remote - SSH extension. This can provide insights into the specific issue causing the connection problem.
  VS Code 开发人员工具：使用 VS Code 开发人员工具（可通过“帮助”菜单访问）检查与远程 - SSH 扩展相关的网络请求和日志。这可以深入了解导致连接问题的特定问题。
• SSH Client Testing: Test the connection using a separate SSH client like PuTTY or OpenSSH on your local machine. This can help isolate whether the issue is specific to VS Code or a broader SSH connectivity problem.
  SSH 客户端测试：在本地计算机上使用单独的 SSH 客户端（如 PuTTY 或 OpenSSH）测试连接。这有助于确定问题是特定于 VS Code 还是更广泛的 SSH 连接问题。

Addressing Specific Errors

解决特定错误

Let’s now focus on addressing some commonly encountered error messages during VS Code remote SSH connections:
现在，让我们专注于解决 VS Code 远程 SSH 连接期间遇到的一些常见错误消息：

1. “Connection Refused”

“连接被拒绝”

• Possible Causes: This error typically indicates that the remote server is not listening on the specified port (usually port 22 for SSH). This can be due to firewall blocks, a stopped SSH service, or incorrect configuration of the SSH service.
  可能的原因：此错误通常表示远程服务器未侦听指定的端口（通常是 SSH 的端口 22）。这可能是由于防火墙阻止、SSH 服务停止或 SSH 服务配置不正确。
• Troubleshooting Steps:
• Verify firewall rules and ensure that port 22 is open for incoming connections.
  验证防火墙规则，并确保端口 22 已打开以用于传入连接。
• Check if the SSH service is running on the remote server and start it if it’s not.
  检查 SSH 服务是否在远程服务器上运行，如果没有，请启动它。
• Double-check the hostname and port number in your VS Code settings.
  仔细检查 VS Code 设置中的主机名和端口号。