linux python连接oracle数据库_Python 3.x 连接Oracle 数据库
Python 3.x 连接Oracle 数据库 【1】首先下载驱动：(cx_Oracle)http://cx-oracle.sourceforge.net/
http://www.python.net/crew/atuining/cx_Oracle/要注意一下版本，根据你的情况加以选择。
【2】安装：
执行exe安装程序就可以了，它会copy一个cx_Oracle.pyd到{PYTHON_HOME}\Lib\site-packages目录下。
【3】执行一段测试程序：
importcx_Oracle
con = cx_Oracle.connect("xjtu_test","37343734","xjtu.world")
cursor = con.cursor()
cursor.close()
con.close()
里边connect中的3个参数从左到右分别是：user, pass, TNS。
那个TNS可以用Oracle客户端工具中的NetConfiguration Assistant来配置。
也可以：
cx_Oracle.connect('hr', 'hrpwd', 'localhost:1521/XE')建立连接，3个参数分开写
这里的'localhost:1521/XE'可以是你oracle net manager配置的链接名，如oracl
cx_Oracle.connect('hr/hrpwd@localhost:1521/XE')建立连接，3个参数连写
【4】具体的cx_Oracle API可以参考：
http://www.python.net/crew/atuining/cx_Oracle/html/cx_Oracle.html
cx_Oracle.connect时报告RuntimeError: Unable to acquire Oracle environment handle：
将oracle instantclient目录下两个文件copy到python安装目录或将其加到环境变量(注意：会对PLSQL Developer造成影响)
oraociei10.dll
orasqlplusic10.dll
在从oracle取出数据的时候，考虑到它的数据类型了吗？下面就是数据类型的对应表
http://www.blogjava.net/pts/archive/2010/11/02/336835.html
Datatypes
During the fetch stage, basic Oracle data types get mapped into their
Python equivalents. cx_Oracle maintains a separate set of data types
that helps in this transition. The Oracle - cx_Oracle - Python mappings
are:
Oracle
cx_Oracle
Python
VARCHAR2
NVARCHAR2
LONG
cx_Oracle.STRING
str
CHAR
cx_Oracle.FIXED_CHAR
NUMBER
cx_Oracle.NUMBER
int
FLOAT
float
DATE
cx_Oracle.DATETIME
datetime.datetime
TIMESTAMP
cx_Oracle.TIMESTAMP
CLOB
cx_Oracle.CLOB
cx_Oracle.LOB
BLOB
cx_Oracle.BLOB
带参数的查询：
>>> named_params = {'dept_id':50, 'sal':1000}
>>> query1 = cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department_id=:dept_id AND salary>:sal', named_params)
>>> query2 = cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE department_id=:dept_id AND salary>:sal', dept_id=50, sal=1000)
这种是名字参数，还可以按位置参数：
r1 = cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM locations
WHERE country_id=:1 AND city=:2', ('US', 'Seattle'))
注意：
当只有一次参数的时候，也要把它写成元组的形式，比如
Cursor.execute(‘select name from user where id=:1’,(login_Id,))
千万要注意，login_id后面还带有一个逗号，如果没有逗号，他其实就是一个数据对象，但是当他后面有个逗号的时候，他就变成了元组的一个数据项。
Cursor. Prepare的用法，
这个方法就是在prepare之后，你再去execute的时候，就不用写上sql语句参数了
>>> cursor.prepare('SELECT * FROM jobs WHERE min_salary>:min')
>>> r = cursor.execute(None, {'min':1000}) #注意，第一个参数是None,
一次执行多条sql语句
Large insert operations don't require many separate inserts because
Python fully supports inserting many rows at once with the
cx_Oracle.Cursor.executemany method. Limiting the number of execute
operations improves program performance a lot and should be the first
thing to think about when writing applications heavy on INSERTs.
Let's create a table for a Python module list, this time directly from Python. You will drop it later.
>>> create_table = """
CREATE TABLE python_modules (
module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL
)
"""
>>> from sys import modules
>>> cursor.execute(create_table)
>>> M = []
>>> for m_name, m_info in modules.items():
... try:
... M.append((m_name, m_info.__file__))
... except AttributeError:
... pass
...
>>> len(M)
76
>>> cursor.prepare("INSERT INTO python_modules(module_name, file_path) VALUES (:1, :2)")
>>> cursor.executemany(None, M)
>>> db.commit()
>>> r = cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM python_modules")
>>> print cursor.fetchone()
(76,)
>>> cursor.execute("DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE")
查看oracle版本命令
1 查看oracle的版本信息
(1)用客户端连接到数据库，执行select* from v$instance
查看version项
(2)select * fromproduct_component_version
(3)或查询V$VERSION查看组件级信息
3.x Python 连接Oracle 数据库