ACCA P7 - Introduction

1 P7内容简介

Part A Regulatory environment
Part B Professional and ethical considerations
Part C Practice management

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Part D Audit of historical financial information

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Part E Other assignments

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Part F Reporting

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Part G Current issues and developments

2 F8内容回顾

1.1 Objective of an assurance engagement

• Increase confidence
• Reduce risk

1.2 What is assurance?

执业者根据所参照的国际准则对鉴证业务的对象进行检查和评估，出具意见，为鉴证对象使用者提供合理保证。

• The Three Parties: Practitioner/Intended user/Responsible Party
• Subject matter
• Suitable criteria
• Sufficient Appropriate Evidence
• A Written Report (express an opinion)

关系图

1.3 Category of assurance engagement

• Audit
• Reviews
• Other assurance engagement

鉴证业务种类

审计和审阅业务不同
审计提供reasonable assurance，报告中的表述是positive，没有重大错报
审阅提供limited assurance，报告中的表述是negative，没有注意到某些事项让审计师相信报表未按照会计准则编制

商定程序是factual finding，只针对事实，不提供任何保证

1.4 Audit engagement

1.4.1 Objective of external audit

express an opinion on whether FS

• give a true and fair view
• are well prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework

合理保证是95%-98%的程度，即发表不恰当意见的可能性概率为2%-5%

1.4.2 Materiality（重要性水平）-审计计划阶段

Influence the economic decisions of users (ISA320)

• Value
  1/2~1% of revenue
  5~10% of profit before tax
  1~2% of gross assets
• Nature
  关联方交易(related party transaction)
• Impact
  项目使公司扭亏为盈

1.4.3 Audit risk

AR=IR×CR×DR
财报存在重大错报时发表了不恰当审计意见的风险

1. Risk of material misstatement

   • Inherent risk-IR --- 没有内控时管理层认定产生重大错报的风险
   • Control risk-CR --- 内部控制失效的风险

2. Detection risk-DR --- 管理层认定存在重大错报但没有被审计师发现的风险

审计师需要确定审计风险，评估重大错报风险，降低检查风险（重大错报风险和DR成反比）

1.4.4 Professional Skepticism

定义

1.4.5 Going Concern

The assumption that the enterprise will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future (12 months).