主要内容:
1.非交互式SSH密钥认证（一键创建秘钥，一键发送秘钥）
2.批量创建、发送、验证秘钥认证
3.ansible使用指南
4.Ansible inventory 主机清单
5.ansible模块清单
一、非交互式SSH密钥认证
1.非交互式创建密钥
命令：ssh-keygen
参数：-P 指定密码短语
-f 指定私钥地址
-t 指定秘钥类型
[root@m01 ~]# ll .ssh/
total 0
[root@m01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:zCQ8DZKOadzwVoWbaLA00xe1bSziLlC3JbSG+QyJjB4 root@m01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[DSA 1024]----+
| ...+=o |
| o*.oB++ + |
|.Eo%*+Xo* + |
|. B.BBo@ o |
| o.o = S |
| . . |
| . . |
| . |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@m01 ~]# ll .ssh/
total 8
-rw------- 1 root root 668 May 28 19:06 id_dsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 598 May 28 19:06 id_dsa.pub
2.非交互式发送公钥
命令：ssh-copy-id
[root@m01 ~]# sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub 172.16.1.41 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh -o 'StrictHostKeyChecking=no' '172.16.1.41'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@m01 ~]# ssh 172.16.1.41
Last login: Tue May 28 16:33:09 2019 from 172.16.1.61
[root@backup ~]#
二、编写脚本批量创建、分发、测试密钥
1.脚本编写：
[root@m01 ~]# vim /server/scripts/fengfa-pub.sh
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/init.d/functions
rm -f ~/.ssh/*
#make key pair
echo "-----------------Start Secret Key --------------------"
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P '' &>/dev/null
if (($?==1))
then
action "Secret key creation failed!" /bin/false
else
action "Secret key creation success" /bin/true
fi
echo "-----------------End Secret Key --------------------"
echo ""
#fenfa public key
for ip in `cat /server/scripts/ip.txt`
do
echo "---------------Sent START to host $ip----------------"
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub $ip -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no &>/dev/null
if (($?==1))
1,7 Top
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/init.d/functions
rm -f ~/.ssh/*
#make key pair
echo "-----------------Start Secret Key --------------------"
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa -P '' &>/dev/null
if (($?==1))
then
action "Secret key creation failed!" /bin/false
else
action "Secret key creation success" /bin/true
fi
echo "-----------------End Secret Key --------------------"
echo ""
#fenfa public key
for ip in `cat /server/scripts/ip.txt`
do
echo "---------------Sent START to host $ip----------------"
sshpass -p123456 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub $ip -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no &>/dev/null
if (($?==1))
then
action "host $ip Send failed!" /bin/false
else
action "host $ip Send success" /bin/true
fi
echo "----------------End START to host $ip----------------"
echo ""
#Connect check
echo "-----------------connect START host $ip--------------"
echo "hostname:" `ssh $ip hostname`
if (($?==1))
then
action "host $ip connect failed!" /bin/false
else
action "host $ip connect success" /bin/true
fi
echo "----------------Connect END host $ip-----------------"
echo ""
echo "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
done
2.执行脚本：
[root@m01 ~]# sh /server/scripts/fengfa-pub.sh
-----------------Start Secret Key --------------------
Secret key creation success [ OK ]
-----------------End Secret Key --------------------
---------------Sent START to host 172.16.1.7----------------
host 172.16.1.7 Send success [ OK ]
----------------End START to host 172.16.1.7----------------
-----------------connect START host 172.16.1.7--------------
hostname: web01
host 172.16.1.7 connect success [ OK ]
----------------Connect END host 172.16.1.7-----------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
---------------Sent START to host 172.16.1.41----------------
host 172.16.1.41 Send success [ OK ]
----------------End START to host 172.16.1.41----------------
-----------------connect START host 172.16.1.41--------------
hostname: backup
host 172.16.1.41 connect success [ OK ]
----------------Connect END host 172.16.1.41-----------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
---------------Sent START to host 172.16.1.31----------------
host 172.16.1.31 Send success [ OK ]
----------------End START to host 172.16.1.31----------------
-----------------connect START host 172.16.1.31--------------
hostname: nfs01
host 172.16.1.31 connect success [ OK ]
----------------Connect END host 172.16.1.31-----------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
三、ansible使用指南：
1.前提：在管理机上配置好密钥认证并分发
2.ansible文件：
/etc/ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg：配置文件
/etc/ansible/hosts：主机清单（被管理的服务器列表）
/etc/ansible/roles
3.ansible命令及参数
参数：
-m 指定模块
-a 模块中的命令或参数
4.命令的书写方式(你要用的主机必须是在/etc/ansible/hosts中配置的，即必须配置这个文件)
（1）ansible oldboy -m command -a 'hostname'：这个oldboy组中的
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -m command -a 'hostname'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
backup
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nfs01
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01
（2）ansible oldboy -a 'hostname'：默认为command模块 可以不加
[root@m01 ~]# ansible oldboy -a 'hostname'
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nfs01
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
backup
（4）ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'hostname'：单个主机执行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'hostname'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
backup
（5）ansible all -a 'hostname'：所有/etc/ansible/hosts 中的主机执行
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -a 'hostname'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
backup
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nfs01
5.颜色
（1）绿色：成功 对方服务器没有发送修改
（2）黄色：成功 修改内容（修改成功）
（3）红色：报错
（4）紫色：warning 警告
四、Ansible inventory 主机清单
里面存放着要可以批量管理的主机列表
[root@m01 ~]# tail -5 /etc/ansible/hosts
## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[oldboy]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.41
172.16.1.31
五、ansible模块清单（ad-hoc模式常用的模块）
1.command：命令模块
默认模块，用于执行命令，不支持特殊符号
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'hostname -I'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
10.0.0.41 172.16.1.41
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'hostname -I |awk '{peint $NF}''
ERROR! Extraneous options or arguments
2.shell模块：如果需要管道等操作可以使用shell
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m shell -a "ifconfig|grep eth0" -f 50
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
3.copy 复制模块：将批量管理服务器的东西推送到其他服务器上
src= 源（文件从哪里来）
dest= 远端（文件到哪里去）
owner= 所有者
group= 所属组
backup=（yes/no） 是否备份
mode=权限
content=""将引号中的内容追加到文件中
与src冲突 不能一起使用
先清空 再追加
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m copy -a 'src=/etc/hostname dest=/tmp/'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "f434396716e2c9aed47cfde87c491cce5a2c08fa",
"dest": "/tmp/hostname",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "318d7defb693a2eb0d4f1a7a96575a57",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 4,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1559047657.14-59898274981816/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'cat /tmp/hostname'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
m01
4.script：脚本模块（先把脚本传输到远端，在执行脚本）
1.创建脚本文件
[root@m01 ~]# vim script.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum install -y cowsay
2.利用ansible批量安装
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m script -a '/root/script.sh'
3.查看是否安装成功
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -a 'animalsay check'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
_______
< check >
-------
\
\
\
___ _____ ___
/ \ / /| / \
| | / / | | |
| | /____/ | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | {} | / | |
| | |____|/ | |
| | |==| | |
| \___________/ |
| |
| |
5.yum ：安装软件模块
name 指定要安装的软件包名称
state 指定使用yum的方法installed，present 安装软件包 默认
removed，absent 移除软件包
latest 更新软件包
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m yum -a 'name=cowsay state=present'
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch providing cowsay is already installed"
]
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch providing cowsay is already installed"
]
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch providing cowsay is already installed"
]
}
由于cowsay已经安装所以没有显示完成
6.file 文件配置模块：相当于 touch mkdir ln rm
path：指定远程主机的目录或文件信息
statedirectory：在远端创建目录
touch：在远端创建文件
link：软连接
absent：删除文件或目录
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a 'path=/tmp/a/b/c state=directory'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/a/b/c",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m file -a 'path=/tmp/a/b/c/ylz.txt state=touch'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/a/b/c/ylz.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'tree /tmp/a'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp/a
└── b
└── c
└── ylz.txt
2 directories, 1 file
7.service 服务模块
name：定义要启动服务的名称
statestarted
启动服务
stoped
停止服务
restarted
重启服务
reloaded
平滑重启服务
enabled：开机自启（yes/no）
8.user 模块
name：用户名
uid：指定用户的uid
group：指定用户组名称
groups：添加用户附属组
password：给用户添加密码
shell：指定用户的登录shell
create_home：是否创建家目录
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m group -a 'name=oldgirl gid=1111 state=present'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 1111,
"name": "oldgirl",
"state": "present",
"system": false
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -m user -a 'name=oldgirl uid=1111 group=oldgirl shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=no'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": false,
"group": 1111,
"home": "/home/oldgirl",
"name": "oldgirl",
"shell": "/sbin/nologin",
"state": "present",
"system": false,
"uid": 1111
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.41 -a 'grep oldgirl /etc/passwd'
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
oldgirl:x:1111:1111::/home/oldgirl:/sbin/nologin
[root@m01 ~]#