【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解

现在对HTML和CSS的基础知识做一个详细的总结,文章内容很硬核。共有3w+字总结,建议收藏反复学习!适用于初学者学习或者熟练相关操作的人复习使用。
【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第1张图片

文章目录

  • HTML篇
  • 一.HTML简介
    • 1.什么是HTML?
    • 2.HTML 标签
    • 3.HTML 元素
    • 4.HTML版本
    • 5.Web 浏览器
    • 6.HTML 网页结构
    • 7.中文编码
    • 8.编写第一个网页
  • 二.HTML编辑器
  • 三.HTML基础
    • 1.HTML 标题
    • 2.HTML 段落
    • 3.HTML 链接
    • 4.HTML 图像
  • 四.HTML元素
    • 1.HTML 元素语法
    • 2.嵌套的 HTML 元素
    • 3.HTML 空元素
  • 五.HTML属性
  • 六.HTML标题
    • 1.HTML标题
    • 2.HTML水平线
    • 3.HTML 注释
  • 七.HTML段落
    • 1.HTML段落
    • 2.HTML换行
  • 八.HTML文本格式化
  • 九.HTML链接
  • 十.HTML头部
  • 十一.HTML图像
  • 十二.HTML表格
  • 十三.HTML列表
  • 十四.HTML区块
    • 1.HTML区块元素
    • 2.HTML内联元素
    • 3.HTML的 div 元素
    • 4.HTML的 span 元素
  • 十五.HTML布局
    • 1.使用div元素添加网页布局
    • 2.使用table元素添加网页布局
  • 十六.HTML表单和输入
    • 1.文本域
    • 2.密码字段
    • 3.单选按钮
    • 4.复选框
    • 5.提交按钮
  • 十七.HTML框架
    • 1.iframe语法
    • 2.iframe设置高度和宽度
    • 3.iframe去除边框
    • 4.使用 iframe 来显示目标链接页面
  • 十八.HTML颜色
  • 十九.脚本
    • 1.HTML的 script 标签
    • 2.HTML的 noscript 标签
  • 二十.字符实体
  • 二十一.URL
    • 1.常见的 URL Scheme
  • 二十二.HTML总结
  • CSS篇
  • 一.CSS简介
    • 1.什么是CSS?
  • 二.CSS语法
    • 1.语法规则
    • 2.注释
  • 三.CSS选择器
    • 1.CSS的id选择器
    • 2.CSS的class选择器
  • 四.CSS创建
    • 1.外部样式表
    • 2.内部样式表
    • 3.内联样式
    • 4.多重样式
    • 5.多重样式的优先级
  • 五.CSS 背景
    • 1.背景颜色
    • 2.背景图像
    • 3.背景图像 - 水平或垂直平铺
    • 4.背景图像- 设置定位与不平铺
    • 5.背景- 简写属性
  • 六.CSS文本
    • 1.文本颜色
    • 2.文本的对齐方式
    • 3.文本修饰
    • 4.文本转换
    • 5.文本缩进
  • 七.CSS文字
    • 1.CSS字体类型
    • 2.字体系列
    • 3.字体样式
    • 4.字体大小
      • 4.1设置字体的大小像素
      • 4.2用em来设置字体大小
      • 4.3使用百分比和EM组合
  • 八.CSS链接
    • 1.链接样式
    • 2.文本修饰
    • 3.背景颜色
  • 九.CSS列表
    • 1.无序列表和有序列表
    • 2.标记为图像的列表
    • 3.列表属性值简写
  • 十.CSS表格
    • 1.表格边框
    • 2.折叠边框
    • 3.表格宽度和高度
    • 4.表格文字对齐
    • 5.表格填充
    • 6.表格颜色
  • 十一.CSS盒子模型(Box Model)
    • 1.CSS 盒子模型
    • 2.元素的宽度和高度
  • 十二.CSS边框(Border)
    • 1.边框样式
    • 2.边框宽度
    • 3.边框颜色
    • 4.单独设置各边
    • 5.属性简写
  • 十三.CSS轮廓(outline)
  • 十四.CSS外边距(margin)
    • 1.CSS外边距的使用
    • 2.CSS外边距属性简写
  • 十五.CSS填充(padding)
    • 1.CSS填充的使用
    • 2.CSS填充属性简写
  • 十六.CSS分组和嵌套选择器
    • 1.分组选择器
    • 2.嵌套选择器
  • 十七.CSS尺寸(Dimension)
  • 十八.CSS显示与可见性(Display Visibility)
    • 1.隐藏元素
    • 2.改变元素的显示
  • 十九.CSS定位(Position)
    • 1.static定位
    • 2.fixed定位
    • 3.relative定位
    • 4.absolute定位
    • 5.sticky 定位
    • 6.重叠的元素
  • 二十.CSS布局(Overflow)
  • 二十一.CSS浮动(Float)
    • 1.元素是怎么浮动?
    • 2.彼此相邻的浮动元素
    • 3.清除浮动
  • 二十二.CSS布局-对齐
    • 1.水平对齐
      • 1.1元素居中对齐
      • 1.2文本居中对齐
      • 1.3图片居中对齐
      • 1.4使用定位方式实现左右对齐
      • 1.5使用浮动方式实现左右对齐
    • 2.垂直对齐
  • 二十三.CSS导航栏
    • 1.HTML设置菜单项
    • 2.垂直导航栏
    • 3.水平导航栏
    • 内联列表项
    • 2.浮动列表项
    • 3.实例
    • 4.固定导航栏
  • 二十四.CSS下拉菜单
    • 1.基本下拉菜单
    • 2.常用下拉菜单
  • 二十五.CSS提示工具
    • 1.基础提示框
    • 2.定位提示工具
    • 3.添加箭头
    • 4.淡入效果
  • 二十六.总结

HTML篇

一.HTML简介

万维网W3C标准中网页分为结构,表现和行为三部分,HTML用于描述页面的结构,CSS用于控制页面中的元素样式,JavaScript用于响应用户的操作。HTML,CSS和JavaScript组成了前端技术栈。学习HTML就是学习标签的一个过程,难度指数低,重在反复练习!

DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>小橙子前端教程title>
head>
<body>

<h1>标题h1>
<p>段落p>

body>
html>

1.什么是HTML?

HTML的全称为超文本标记语言,是一种标记语言。它包括一系列标签.通过这些标签可以将网络上的文档格式统一,使分散的Internet资源连接为一个逻辑整体。

  • HTML 使用标记标签来描述网页
  • HTML 文档包含了HTML 标签及文本内容
  • HTML文档也叫做 web 页面

2.HTML 标签

HTML标记标签又称为 标签。

  • HTML 标签是由尖括号包围的关键词
  • HTML 标签通常是成对出现
  • 标签对中的第一个标签是开始标签(开放标签),第二个标签是结束标签(闭合标签)
<标签>内容标签>

所有 HTML 文档必须以 声明开头,该声明并非一个 HTML 标签,它是一条“信息”,告知浏览器期望的文档类型。


3.HTML 元素

一个 HTML 元素包含了开始标签与结束标签。

<h1>一级标题h1>

4.HTML版本

版本 发布时间
HTML 1991
HTML+ 1993
HTML 2.0 1995
HTML 3.2 1997
HTML 4.01 1999
XHTML 1.0 2000
HTML5 2012
XHTML5 2013

5.Web 浏览器

Web浏览器(如谷歌浏览器,Edge,Safari)用于读取HTML文件,并将其作为网页显示。浏览器并不是直接显示HTML标签,而是负责网页的渲染和呈现,标签决定了如何展现HTML页面的内容给用户。
在这里插入图片描述


6.HTML 网页结构

在这里插入图片描述


7.中文编码

当在浏览器输出中文乱码时,需要在头部将字符声明为 UTF-8 或 GBK。

<meta charset="UTF-8">

8.编写第一个网页

示例:使用记事本编写你的第一个网页!

<html>

<head>
    <title>这是我的第一个网页title>
head>

<body>
    
    <h1>望庐山瀑布h1>
    <h2>
        <font color=red>font> 李白
    h2>
    <p>日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。p>
    <p>飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。p>
body>

html>

新建一个文本文档,命名为index.html。编写代码,在默认浏览器中运行,查看显示效果!
在这里插入图片描述


二.HTML编辑器

这里推荐使用vs code来编辑HTML代码!

vscode 是由微软开发的免费开源软件,它具有以下优势:

  1. 轻量级编辑器
  2. 丰富的插件系统
  3. 代码跟踪功能

在这里插入图片描述


三.HTML基础

1.HTML 标题

HTML 标题是通过

-
标签来定义的。

    <h1>一级标题h1>
    <h2>二级标题h2>
    <h3>三级标题h3>

2.HTML 段落

HTML 段落是通过标签

来定义的。

    <p>段落1p>
    <p>段落2p>
    <p>段落3p>

3.HTML 链接

HTML 链接是通过标签 来定义的。

<a href="https://www.baidu.com">百度一下a>

4.HTML 图像

HTML 图像是通过标签 来定义的。

<img src="/images/baidu.png" width="258" height="39" />

四.HTML元素

1.HTML 元素语法

  • HTML 元素以开始标签起始,以结束标签终止
  • 元素的内容是开始标签与结束标签之间的内容,某些 HTML 元素具有空内容
  • 空元素在开始标签中进行关闭(以开始标签的结束而结束)
  • 大多数 HTML 元素可拥有属性

2.嵌套的 HTML 元素

大多数 HTML 元素可以嵌套使用,即HTML 元素可以包含其他 HTML 元素。HTML 文档由相互嵌套的 HTML 元素构成。

DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<p>段落1...p>
body>

html>
  • 这个

    元素定义了 HTML 文档中的一个段落。这个元素拥有一个开始标签

    以及一个结束标签

    。元素内容是: 段落1…。
  • 元素定义了 HTML 文档的主体。这个元素拥有一个开始标签 以及一个结束标签 。元素内容是另一个 HTML 元素(p 元素)。
  • 元素定义了整个 HTML 文档。这个元素拥有一个开始标签 ,以及一个结束标签 。元素内容是另一个 HTML 元素(body 元素)。

3.HTML 空元素

没有内容的 HTML 元素被称为空元素。空元素是在开始标签中关闭的。

    <p>段落1p>
    <br>
    <p>段落2p>


就是没有关闭标签的空元素(
标签定义换行)。

在开始标签中添加斜杠,比如
,是关闭空元素的正确方法。


五.HTML属性

属性是 HTML 元素提供的附加信息,属性值应该始终被包括在引号内,如果属性值本身就含有双引号,那么必须使用单引号包含属性值。

  • HTML 元素可以设置属性,属性可以在元素中添加附加信息
  • 属性一般描述于开始标签
  • 属性总是以名称/值对的形式出现,比如:name=“value”。
<a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度一下a>

HTML 链接由 标签定义。链接的地址在 href 属性中指定。


六.HTML标题

1.HTML标题

标题是通过

-
标签进行定义的。

定义最大的标题。
定义最小的标题。浏览器会自动地在标题的前后添加空行。

    <h1>一级标题h1>
    <h2>二级标题h2>
    <h3>三级标题h3>

标题用来正确的显示文章结构,通过不同的标题可以为文章建立索引,所以,标题是很重要的存在,所以,不要仅仅是为了生成粗体或大号的文本而使用标题。


2.HTML水平线


标签在 HTML 页面中创建水平线。

    <p>段落1p>
    <hr>
    <p>段落2p>
    <hr>
    <p>段落3p>

3.HTML 注释

可以将注释插入 HTML 代码中,提高代码可读性,浏览器会忽略注释,也不会显示它们。



七.HTML段落

1.HTML段落

HTML可以将文档分为不同的段落。段落是通过

标签定义的。

<p>段落1...p>
<p>段落2...p>

2.HTML换行

使用
标签在不产生新的段落的情况下换行。

<p>这是<br>换行的<br>演示p>


元素是一个空的 HTML 元素。由于关闭标签没有任何意义,因此它没有结束标签。


八.HTML文本格式化

HTML 使用标签 (“bold”) 与 (“italic”) 对输出的文本进行格式, 如:粗体 or 斜体。也可使用标签 替换加粗标签 来使用, 替换 标签使用。但是两者的含义不同, 或者 标签有你要呈现的文本是重要的,所以要突出显示的意思。

标签 作用
定义粗体文本
定义着重文字
定义斜体文字
定义小号文字

详细的HTML标签参考标签参考手册哦


九.HTML链接

HTML 使用超级链接与网络上的另一个文档相连,点击链接可以从一张页面跳转到另一张页面。

<a href="url">链接文本a>
  • 使用 target 属性,你可以定义被链接的文档在何处显示。
  • id 属性可用于创建一个 HTML 文档书签。

十.HTML头部

1.HTML 元素:

元素包含了所有的头部标签元素。在 元素中你可以插入脚本(scripts), 样式文件(CSS),及各种meta信息。可以添加在头部区域的元素标签为: , <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript> 和 <base>。</code></strong></p> <hr> <p><strong>2.HTML <code><title></code>元素:</strong></p> <p><strong><code><title></code> 标签定义了不同文档的标题。</strong></p> <ul> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong>定义了浏览器工具栏的标题</strong></li> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong>当网页添加到收藏夹时,显示在收藏夹中的标题</strong></li> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong>显示在搜索引擎结果页面的标题</strong></li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>文档标题<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>文档内容......<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>3.HTML <code><base></code>元素:</strong></p> <p><strong><code><base></code> 标签描述了基本的链接地址/链接目标,该标签作为HTML文档中所有的链接标签的默认链接。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>base</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>http://www.baidu.com/images/<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">target</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>_blank<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>4.HTML <code><link></code>元素</strong><br> <strong><code><link></code> 标签定义了文档与外部资源之间的关系。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text/css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>mystyle.css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>5.HTML <code><stytle></code>元素</strong><br> <strong><code><style></code> 标签定义了HTML文档的样式文件引用地址。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text/css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">body</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>yellow<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>blue<span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <hr> <p><strong>6.HTML <code><meta></code>元素</strong><br> <strong><code><meta></code>标签描述了一些基本的元数据。</strong></p> <ul> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong> 标签提供了元数据.元数据也不显示在页面上,但会被浏览器解析。</strong></li> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong>元素通常用于指定网页的描述,关键词,文件的最后修改时间,作者,和其他元数据。</strong></li> <li class="task-list-item"> <strong> 一般放置于 区域。</strong></li> </ul> <hr> <p><strong>7.HTML <code><script></code>元素</strong><br> <strong><code><script></code>标签用于加载脚本文件,如: JavaScript。</strong></p> <hr> <h1>十一.HTML图像</h1> <p><strong>在 HTML 中,图像由<code><img></code> 标签定义,<code><img></code> 是空标签。</strong></p> <p><strong>要在页面上显示图像,需要使用源属性(src),源属性的值是图像的 URL 地址。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>url<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>some_text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>alt 属性用来为图像定义一串预备的可替换的文本。在浏览器无法载入图像时,浏览器将显示这个替代性的文本而不是图像</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>boat.gif<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>显示图像<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>height(高度) 与 width(宽度)属性用于设置图像的高度与宽度。默认单位是像素。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>baidu.jpg<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>百度<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>100<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>加载页面时,要注意插入页面图像的路径,如果不能正确设置图像的位置,浏览器无法加载图片,图像标签就会显示一个破碎的图片。</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十二.HTML表格</h1> <p><strong>表格由 <code><table></code> 标签来定义。每个表格均有若干行(由 <code><tr></code> 标签定义),每行被分割为若干单元格(由 <code><td></code> 标签定义)。字母 td 指表格数据(table data),即数据单元格的内容。数据单元格可以包含文本、图片、列表、段落、表单、水平线、表格等等。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>table</span> <span class="token attr-name">border</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>1<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>你好<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>大多数情况我们需要给表格加上边框,也可以不使用边框。</strong></p> <p><strong>表格的表头使用 <code><th></code> 标签进行定义,大多数浏览器会把表头显示为粗体居中的文本。</strong></p> <hr> <h1>十三.HTML列表</h1> <p><strong>HTML 支持有序、无序和定义列表:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>无序列表使用 <code><ul></code> 标签定义,使用粗体圆点(典型的小黑圆圈)进行标记,每个列表项始于 <code><li></code> 标签</strong></li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b0d48127950542abb065a761bc39a3db.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <ul> <li><strong>有序列表使用<code><ol></code> 标签定义,使用数字进行标记,每个列表项始于 <code><li></code> 标签。</strong></li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ol</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ol</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2d91f0a115054daaa0f0d39e7cccd143.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <ul> <li><strong>自定义列表以 <code><dl></code> 标签开始,每个自定义列表项以 <code><dt></code> 开始。每个自定义列表项的定义以 <code><dd></code> 开始,自定义列表是项目和注释的组合。</strong></li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dl</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>java<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>-诞生于1995年<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>python<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dt</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>-诞生于1991年<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dd</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>dl</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ba829f8ff0904312959966f51b941868.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <hr> <h1>十四.HTML区块</h1> <p><strong>HTML 可以通过 <code><div></code> 和 <code><span></code>将元素组合起来。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>大多数 HTML 元素被定义为块级元素或内联元素。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>1.HTML区块元素</h2> <p><strong><font color="DeepSkyBlue">块级元素在浏览器显示时,通常会以新行来开始和结束。</font></strong></p> <h2>2.HTML内联元素</h2> <p><strong><font color="DeepSkyBlue">内联元素在浏览器显示时通常不会以新行开始。</font></strong></p> <h2>3.HTML的 div 元素</h2> <p><strong>HTML <code><div></code> 元素是块级元素,它是用于组合其他 HTML 元素的容器。</strong></p> <p><strong>例:让文档中的一块区域显示为红色,另一块区域加粗且显示为蓝色!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>en<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UTF-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">http-equiv</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>X-UA-Compatible<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>IE=edge<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>viewport<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>Document<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>唐 李白<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>日照香炉生紫烟,<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>遥看瀑布挂前川。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>bold<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>blue</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>飞流直下三千尺,<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>疑是银河落九天。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>显示效果:</strong><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/35e3facdb0a047dba57bdd4e64bfa916.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><code><div></code>标签常用于组合块级元素,以便通过 CSS 来对这些元素进行格式化。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>4.HTML的 span 元素</h2> <p><strong>HTML <code><span></code> 元素是内联元素,可用作文本的容器。</strong></p> <p><strong>例:对文档中的一部分文本进行着色!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>span</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>chartreuse</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>唐<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>span</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> -李白<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h2</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>显示效果:</strong><br> <img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/0bb7d0d6786c49058108c866969b2593.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><code><span></code> 用于对文档中的行内元素进行组合。</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十五.HTML布局</h1> <p><strong>布局用于改善网站的外观,我们可以使用<code><div></code>或者<code><table></code>添加网页布局,大多数网站可以使用 <code><div></code> 或者 <code><table></code> 元素来创建多列。CSS 用于对元素进行定位,或者为页面创建背景以及色彩丰富的外观。</strong></p> <h2>1.使用div元素添加网页布局</h2> <p><strong>div 元素是用于分组 HTML 元素的块级元素。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>container<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>600px</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>header<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cornflowerblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>--唐诗三百首--<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--下外边距--></span> <span class="token comment"><!--float:该属性控制目标HTML元素是否浮动以及如何浮动.--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>menu<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dimgrey<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>菜单<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 静夜思<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 绝句<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 琵琶行 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>content<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>aliceblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>400px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 翻译译文: 香炉峰在阳光的照射下生起紫色烟霞,远远望见瀑布似白色绢绸悬挂在山前。 高崖上飞腾直落的瀑布好像有几千尺,让人恍惚以为银河从天上泻落到人间。 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--clear 属性规定元素的哪一侧不允许其他浮动元素。--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>footer<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cadetblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>both<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>center<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 橙子!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9989ee7617ba4916920685efffb3c238.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.使用table元素添加网页布局</h2> <p>我们还可以使用table标签添加网页布局!</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>table</span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>600<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">border</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token attr-name">colspan</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cornflowerblue</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>--唐诗三百首--<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dimgrey<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">vertical-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>top<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>菜单<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 静夜思<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 绝句<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 琵琶行 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--vertical-align 属性设置元素的垂直对齐方式。--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>aliceblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>400px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">vertical-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>top<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 望庐山瀑布<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 翻译译文: 香炉峰在阳光的照射下生起紫色烟霞,远远望见瀑布似白色绢绸悬挂在山前。 高崖上飞腾直落的瀑布好像有几千尺,让人恍惚以为银河从天上泻落到人间。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>td</span> <span class="token attr-name">colspan</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>2<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>cadetblue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>center<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 橙子!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>td</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/90581b43833c4886ba34b40753453282.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><code><table></code>元素主要用于创建表格,虽然可以用于添加网页布局,但是不建议使用!</p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十六.HTML表单和输入</h1> <p><strong>HTML 表单用于收集用户的输入信息,HTML 表单表示文档中的一个区域,此区域包含交互控件,将用户收集到的信息发送到 Web 服务器。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>表单是一个包含表单元素的区域,表单元素是允许用户在表单中输入内容,比如:文本域(textarea)、下拉列表(select)、单选框(radio-buttons)、复选框(checkbox)<br> 等等。</strong></p> </blockquote> <p><strong>我们使用标签来创建表单,多数情况下被用到的表单标签是输入标签 <code><input></code>。</strong></p> <h2>1.文本域</h2> <p><strong>文本域(Text Fields)通过 <code><input type="text"></code> 来设定,当用户要在表单中键入字母、数字等内容时,就会用到文本域。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> First <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>firstname<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Last <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lastname<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/af1c6a5d773542b6bf91647ebb1f13d6.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.密码字段</h2> <p><strong>密码字段通过标签 <code><input type="password"></code> 来定义。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Password: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>password<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>pwd<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ff2d4396b97641d3b69f04b5f2d55bb6.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>密码字段字符不会明文显示,而是以星号 * 或圆点 . 替代。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>3.单选按钮</h2> <p><strong>单选按钮(Radio Buttons)通过<code><input type="radio"></code>标签来定义。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>radio<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>sex<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>male<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>男<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>radio<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>sex<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>female<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>女 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a5cc85e46eca4cdea7e5ce22b6ac733a.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>4.复选框</h2> <p><strong>复选框(Checkboxes)通过标签<code><input type="checkbox"></code>来定义。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Bike<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>语文<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Car<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>数学<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Bike<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>英语<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>vehicle<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Car<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>历史 <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/cef0504f829a4eebbcc5337da232d90d.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>5.提交按钮</h2> <p><strong>提交按钮用<code><input type="submit"></code>标签来定义!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>input<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>html_form_action.php<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">method</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>get<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> Username: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>user<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/56f16d70324a4587ab1ef18adadbcfa5.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"><br> <strong>在上面的文本框内键入几个字母,然后点击确认按钮,那么输入数据会传送到 html_form_action.php 文件,该页面将显示出输入的结果。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><code>method</code> 属性用于定义表单数据的提交方式,可以是以下值:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><code>post</code>:指的是 HTTP POST 方法,表单数据会包含在表单体内然后发送给服务器,用于提交敏感数据,如用户名与密码等。</strong></li> <li><strong><code>get</code>:默认值,指的是 HTTP GET 方法,表单数据会附加在 action 属性的 URL 中,并以 ?作为分隔符,一般用于不敏感信息,如分页等。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十七.HTML框架</h1> <p><strong>有时候我们希望在同一个浏览器界面中显示不止一个页面,这时候就要用到框架!</strong></p> <h2>1.iframe语法</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>URL<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.iframe设置高度和宽度</h2> <p><strong><code>height</code> 和 <code>width</code> 属性用来定义iframe标签的高度与宽度。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">loading</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>lazy<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>200<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>3.iframe去除边框</h2> <p><strong><code>frameborder</code> 属性用于定义iframe表示是否显示边框。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">frameborder</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>0<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>4.使用 iframe 来显示目标链接页面</h2> <p><strong><code>iframe</code> 可以显示一个目标链接的页面</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>iframe</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>demo_iframe.htm<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>iframe_a<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">width</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>800<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">height</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>400<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>iframe</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>https://blog.csdn.net/zhangxia_?spm=1000.2115.3001.5343<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">target</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>iframe_a<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>橙子!的博客<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>注意:<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> 因为 a 标签的 target 属性是名为 iframe_a 的 iframe 框架,所以在点击链接时页面会显示在 iframe框架中。<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/783f8b2b244940f7b852a1ce40dbdd85.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h1>十八.HTML颜色</h1> <ul> <li> <p><strong>HTML 颜色由红色、绿色、蓝色混合而成。</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>HTML 颜色由一个十六进制符号来定义,这个符号由红色、绿色和蓝色的值组成(RGB)。</strong></p> </li> <li> <p><strong>每种颜色的最小值是0(十六进制:#00)。最大值是255(十六进制:#FF)。</strong></p> </li> </ul> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/807e73cda7904b31bd0840eaf53bc4a4.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>具体颜色效果可以查表</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十九.脚本</h1> <h2>1.HTML的 script 标签</h2> <p><strong><code><script></code> 标签用于定义客户端脚本,比如 JavaScript。<code><script></code> 元素既可包含脚本语句,也可通过 <code>src</code> 属性指向外部脚本文件。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.HTML的 noscript 标签</h2> <p><strong> 标签提供无法使用脚本时的替代内容,比方在浏览器禁用脚本时,<code><noscript></code>元素可包含普通 HTML 页面的 body 元素中能够找到的所有元素,在浏览器禁止使用脚本时,会显示该标签内的内容。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript"> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello World!"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>noscript</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>抱歉,你的浏览器不支持 JavaScript!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>noscript</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h1>二十.字符实体</h1> <p><strong>HTML中预留的字符和一些键盘上找不到的字符必须使用字符实体来替换!</strong></p> <p><strong>如果希望正确地显示预留字符,我们必须在 HTML 源代码中使用字符实体(character entities)。</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>显示结果</th> <th>描述</th> <th>实体名称</th> <th>实体编号</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td></td> <td>空格</td> <td><code> </code></td> <td><code> </code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><</td> <td>小于号</td> <td><code><</code></td> <td><code><</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>></td> <td>大于号</td> <td><code>></code></td> <td><code>></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>&</td> <td>和号</td> <td><code>&</code></td> <td><code>&</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <blockquote> <p><strong>实体名称对大小写敏感,实际实体名称使用时参考HTML实体参考手册!</strong></p> </blockquote> <h1>二十一.URL</h1> <p><strong>URL(统一资源定位器)是一个网页地址,可以使用网址(例如:www.baidu.com)或者使用IP地址来访问。</strong></p> <p><strong>Web浏览器通过URL从Web服务器请求页面。</strong></p> <h2>1.常见的 URL Scheme</h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Scheme</th> <th>访问</th> <th>作用</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>http</td> <td>超文本传输协议</td> <td>以 http:// 开头的普通网页。不加密。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>https</td> <td>安全超文本传输协议</td> <td>安全网页,加密所有信息交换。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ftp</td> <td>文件传输协议</td> <td>用于将文件下载或上传至网站。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>file</td> <td></td> <td>您计算机上的文件。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <blockquote> <p><strong>URL 只能使用 ASCII 字符集。</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>二十二.HTML总结</h1> <p><font color="red" size="4"><strong>恭喜你!现在已经完成HTML基础知识的学习,接下来就要学习CSS啦。</strong></font></p> <hr> <hr> <h1><font size="5" color="red">CSS篇</font></h1> <h1>一.CSS简介</h1> <h2>1.什么是CSS?</h2> <p><strong>CSS 指层叠样式表 (Cascading Style Sheets)。</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>样式定义如何显示 HTML 元素</strong></li> <li><strong>样式通常存储在样式表中</strong></li> <li><strong>外部样式表可以极大提高工作效率,通常存储在CSS文件中</strong></li> <li><strong>多个样式定义可层叠为一个</strong></li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html">p { color:red; text-align:center; } </code></pre> <hr> <h1>二.CSS语法</h1> <h2>1.语法规则</h2> <p><strong>CSS 规则由两个主要的部分构成:选择器,以及一条或多条声明:</strong><br> <img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/dd0577b0f7cd4986892a3661b9c046ad.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <ul> <li><strong>选择器通常是您需要改变样式的 HTML 元素。</strong></li> <li><strong>每条声明由一个属性和一个值组成。</strong></li> </ul> <h2>2.注释</h2> <p><strong>CSS注释以 <code>/*</code> 开始, 以 <code>*/</code> 结束,注释是为了提高代码的可读性!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">/*注释*/ p { text-align:center; /*注释*/ color:red; } </code></pre> <hr> <h1>三.CSS选择器</h1> <p><strong>如果要在HTML元素中使用CSS样式,则需要在元素中使用选择器!</strong></p> <h2>1.CSS的id选择器</h2> <p><strong>id 选择器可以为标有特定 id 的 HTML 元素指定特定的样式,HTML元素以id属性来设置id选择器,CSS 中 id 选择器以 “#” 来定义。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">#p1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>通过id选择器把这一段文字设置为红色!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>这一段文字不受上面的影响!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ae96ec858c0b4d989d7a82a5d9e30793.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.CSS的class选择器</h2> <p><strong>class 选择器用于描述一组元素的样式,class 选择器有别于id选择器,class可以在多个元素中使用,class 选择器在HTML中以class属性表示, 在 CSS 中,类选择器以一个点"."号显示。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation"><!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>小橙子前端教程!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">.center</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>center<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>标题居中<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>center<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>段落居中<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/7c030cb2f2fb4a34a9c248dae848076b.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"><br> <strong>同时也可以指定特定的HTML元素使用class。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">p.center {text-align:center;} </code></pre> <hr> <h1>四.CSS创建</h1> <p><strong>浏览器会根据样式表格式化HTML文档!有三种方法可以插入样式表:</strong></p> <h2>1.外部样式表</h2> <p><strong>当样式需要应用于很多界面的时候,通常使用外部样式表,使用外部样式表的优点是可以通过改变一个文件来改变整个HTML文档的样式布局,每个页面使用 <code><link></code> 标签链接到样式表。 <code><link></code> 标签在文档的头部。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text/css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>mystyle.css<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token comment"><!--rel 属性是必须的,规定当前文档与被链接文档/资源之间的关系。--></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.内部样式表</h2> <p><strong>当单个文档需要特殊的样式时,就应该使用内部样式表。使用 <code><style></code> 标签在文档头部定义内部样式表。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">hr</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> sienna<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">body</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> aqua<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>3.内联样式</h2> <p>当样式只需要在元素上应用一次时可以使用内联样式,但是由于内联样式把表现和内容混在一起,所以不建议使用!</p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>p</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>内联样式不建议使用!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>4.多重样式</h2> <p>如果某些属性在不同的样式表中被同样的选择器定义,那么属性值将从更具体的样式表中被继承过来。</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>内部样式表和外部样式表中存在重复的部分,内部样式表将取代外部样式表中的部分!</strong></p> </blockquote> <p><strong>外部样式表:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">h3 { color:red; font-size:12px; } </code></pre> <p><strong>内部样式表:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">h3 { font-size:20pt; } </code></pre> <p><strong>最终效果:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">h3 { color:red; font-size:20px; } </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>颜色属性继承自外部样式表,字体大小属性将取代外部样式表中的部分。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>5.多重样式的优先级</h2> <p><strong><font color="red">样式表</font>允许以多种方式规定样式信息。样式可以规定在单个的 HTML 元素中,在 HTML 页的头元素中,或在一个外部的 CSS 文件中。甚至可以在同一个 HTML 文档内部引用多个外部样式表。</strong></p> <p><strong><mark>优先级:(内联样式)Inline style > (内部样式)Internal style sheet >(外部样式)External style sheet > 浏览器默认样式</mark></strong></p> <hr> <h1>五.CSS 背景</h1> <p><strong>CSS 背景属性用于定义HTML元素的背景。CSS背景有以下的效果:</strong></p> <h2>1.背景颜色</h2> <p><strong><code>background-color</code> 属性定义了元素的背景颜色,在<code>body</code>选择器中使用!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">body {background-color:grey;} </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>CSS中的颜色通常有以下三种定义方式:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>十六进制 - 如:“#ff0000”</strong></li> <li><strong>RGB - 如:“rgb(255,0,0)”</strong></li> <li><strong>颜色名称 - 如:“red”</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <hr> <h2>2.背景图像</h2> <p><strong>background-image 属性描述了元素的背景图像,默认情况下,背景图像进行平铺重复显示,以覆盖整个元素实体。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">background-image: url('images/1.jpg');<span class="token comment"><!--HTML文档和图片文件不在同一个文件夹下面,使用相对路径--></span> </code></pre> <h2>3.背景图像 - 水平或垂直平铺</h2> <p><strong><code>background-image</code>属性默认会在页面的水平或者垂直方向平铺。但是有时候图片在水平和垂直方向平铺不能达到想要的效果,可以选择只在某一方向平铺。</strong></p> <h2>4.背景图像- 设置定位与不平铺</h2> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/40587557390847b78569848a3383f21f.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <p><strong>为了让背景图片不影响文本的排版可以使用 <code>background-repeat</code>属性让图片不平铺,以达到预期的效果!</strong></p> <p><strong>同时可以通过<code>background-position</code>属性设置图片显示的位置,让文本达到最佳的显示效果!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">body { background-image:url('images/pai.jpg'); background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:right top;/*设置背景图像的起始位置。*/ } </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/84a958a2179949a884fe30587d04e422.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>5.背景- 简写属性</h2> <p><strong>为了简化页面背景属性的代码,可以将这些属性合并在同一个属性中。背景颜色的简写属性为 <code>"background"</code>。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">body {background:grey url('images/pai.jpg') no-repeat right top;} </code></pre> <hr> <h1>六.CSS文本</h1> <h2>1.文本颜色</h2> <p><strong>颜色属性用来设置文字的颜色。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">body {color:red;} </code></pre> <h2>2.文本的对齐方式</h2> <p><strong>文本排列属性是用来设置文本的水平对齐方式。</strong></p> <p><strong>文本的水平排列方式有居中,对齐到左,对齐到右,两端对其。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">h1 {text-align:center;} p {text-align:justify;/*两端对齐*/} </code></pre> <h2>3.文本修饰</h2> <p><strong><code>text-decoration</code> 属性用来设置或删除文本的装饰。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">a {text-decoration:none;/*用来删除链接的下划线*/} </code></pre> <p><strong>同时,还可以使用<code>text-decoration</code> 属性来增强文章的阅读效果。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">h1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> overline<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">h2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> line-through<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">h3</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> underline<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/02225802500a41a7802dfd1e1554b4fe.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>4.文本转换</h2> <p><strong>文本转换属性是用来指定在一个文本中的大写和小写字母。可用于所有字句变成大写或小写字母,或每个单词的首字母大写。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector"><style> p.uppercase</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>uppercase<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">/*大写*/</span> <span class="token selector">p.lowercase</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>lowercase<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">/*小写*/</span> <span class="token selector">p.capitalize</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-transform</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>capitalize<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token comment">/*首字母大写*/</span> </style> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/c1b62819bfe244cfa03485ad787cc139.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>5.文本缩进</h2> <p><strong>文本缩进属性是用来指定文本的第一行的缩进。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-indent</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>14px<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <hr> <h1>七.CSS文字</h1> <p><strong>CSS字体属性定义字体,加粗,大小,文字样式。</strong></p> <h2>1.CSS字体类型</h2> <blockquote> <p><strong>在CSS中,有两种类型的字体系列名称:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>通用字体系列 - 拥有相似外观的字体系统组合(如 “Serif” 或 “Monospace”)</strong></li> <li><strong>特定字体系列 - 一个特定的字体系列(如 “Times” 或 “Courier”)</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>通用字体系列</th> <th>说明</th> <th>展示</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Serif</td> <td>Serif字体中字符在行的末端拥有额外的装饰</td> <td><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3228b905eb7344e198f2ca7fff60388a.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sans-serif</td> <td>字体中字符在行的末端没有额外的装饰</td> <td><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/7fe33cf09b4d4535978ab3efb6b0db63.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Monospace</td> <td>所有的等宽字符具有相同的宽度</td> <td><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/927561ff386c480eb68ca8e17e965f22.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>2.字体系列</h2> <p><strong>font-family 属性设置文本的字体系列。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><code>font-family</code> 属性应该设置几个字体名称作为一种"后备"机制,如果浏览器不支持第一种字体,他将尝试下一种字体。如果字体系列的名称超过一个字,它必须用引号,如Font Family:“宋体”。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>3.字体样式</h2> <p><strong>我们可以通过字体样式设置正常或者斜体!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">p.normal {font-style:normal;} p.italic {font-style:italic;} </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2087699253ea4f51bc43460c4668087e.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>4.字体大小</h2> <p><strong><code>font-size</code> 属性设置文本的大小。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>字体大小的值可以是绝对或相对的大小。</strong></p> <p><strong>绝对大小:</strong></p> <ul> <li>设置一个指定大小的文本</li> <li>不允许用户在所有浏览器中改变文本大小</li> <li>确定了输出的物理尺寸时绝对大小很有用</li> </ul> <p><strong>相对大小:</strong></p> <ul> <li>相对于周围的元素来设置大小</li> <li>允许用户在浏览器中改变文字大小</li> </ul> </blockquote> <h3>4.1设置字体的大小像素</h3> <p><strong>为了控制字体的大小,可以设置字体的大小像素。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">p {font-size:14px;} </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>可以通过缩放浏览器来调整字体的大小,但是实际调整的是页面的大小。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h3>4.2用em来设置字体大小</h3> <p><strong>1em和当前字体大小相等。在浏览器中默认的文字大小是16px。因此,1em的默认大小是16px。可以通过下面这个公式将像素转换为<code>em=px/16=em。</code></strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0.875em<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 14px/16=0.875em */</span> </code></pre> <h3>4.3使用百分比和EM组合</h3> <p><strong>在所有浏览器的解决方案中,设置 元素的默认字体大小的是百分比。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">body</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0.875em<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>在所有浏览器中,可以显示相同的文本大小,并允许所有浏览器缩放文本的大小。</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>八.CSS链接</h1> <h2>1.链接样式</h2> <p><strong>不同的链接可以有不同的样式,链接的不同状态也可以有不同的样式。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>链接的四种状态:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>a:link - 正常,未访问过的链接</strong></li> <li><strong>a:visited - 用户已访问过的链接</strong></li> <li><strong>a:hover - 当用户鼠标放在链接上时</strong></li> <li><strong>a:active - 链接被点击的那一刻</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">a:link</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>black<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 未访问链接*/</span> <span class="token selector">a:visited</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>greenyellow<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 已访问链接 */</span> <span class="token selector">a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标移动到链接上 */</span> <span class="token selector">a:active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>blue<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标点击时 */</span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>a:hover 必须跟在 a:link 和 a:visited后面,a:active 必须跟在 a:hover后面。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>2.文本修饰</h2> <p><strong><code>text-decoration</code> 属性主要用于删除链接中的下划线:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">a:link</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">a:visited</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>underline<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">a:active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>underline<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <h2>3.背景颜色</h2> <p><strong>背景颜色属性指定链接背景色:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">a:link</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>#B2FF99<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 未访问链接 */</span> <span class="token selector">a:visited</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>#FFFF85<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 已访问链接 */</span> <span class="token selector">a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>#FF704D<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标移动到链接上 */</span> <span class="token selector">a:active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>#FF704D<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标点击时 */</span> </code></pre> <hr> <h1>九.CSS列表</h1> <p><strong>CSS中可以使用不同的列表项标记来实现列表。</strong></p> <h2>1.无序列表和有序列表</h2> <p><strong><code>list-style-type</code>属性指定列表项标记的类型。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul.a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> circle<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">ul.b</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> square<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">ol.c</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> decimal<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">ol.d</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> lower-alpha<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/4239cc3d578b459583ac7a20f771cda9.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.标记为图像的列表</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token url"><span class="token function">url</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string url">'images/1.png'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/4747a54a44664939a47b7ee39eda47ef.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>3.列表属性值简写</h2> <p><strong>在单个属性中可以指定所有的列表属性,但是指定时必须按照一定的顺序!</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>例如按照以下顺序指定列表属性:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>list-style-type</strong></li> <li><strong>list-style-position</strong></li> <li><strong>list-style-image</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <pre><code class="prism language-html">ul { list-style:square url("images/3.png"); } </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong><code>list-style-type: none;</code>设置列表类型为没有列表项标记!</strong></p> </blockquote> <h1>十.CSS表格</h1> <h2>1.表格边框</h2> <p><strong>使用<code>border</code>属性指定CSS表格的边框。</strong></p> <h2>2.折叠边框</h2> <p><strong><code>border-collapse</code> 属性设置表格的边框是否被折叠成一个单一的边框或隔开。</strong></p> <h2>3.表格宽度和高度</h2> <p><strong><code>Width</code>和<code>height</code>属性定义表格的宽度和高度。</strong></p> <h2>4.表格文字对齐</h2> <p><strong>水平对齐:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">table, td, th</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>1px solid blue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>10px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">th</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>grey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>30px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/e3bf9863a153416099c7d5fe9d2b9805.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"><br> <strong>垂直对齐:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">td { height:50px; vertical-align:bottom; } </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2922661a86b845059afe543ccf04c260.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>表格中的文字对齐方式分为水平对齐和垂直对齐:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><code>text-align</code>属性设置水平对齐方式,向左,右,或中心。</strong></li> <li><strong><code>vertical-align</code>属性设置垂直对齐方式,顶部,底部或中间。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2>5.表格填充</h2> <p><strong><code>td</code>和<code>th</code>元素的填充属性可以控制边框和表格内容之间的间距。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">td { padding:15px; } </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/cba76668a6c64da5938b0f7ccc280426.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>6.表格颜色</h2> <p><strong>我们可以指定表格边框的颜色,文本的颜色和背景颜色。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">table, td, th</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>1px solid blue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">th</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>grey<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/275757eea1c74e73912431b4b6dbeb3a.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <hr> <h1>十一.CSS盒子模型(<font color="gree">Box Model</font>)</h1> <p><strong>所有HTML元素可以看作盒子!</strong></p> <h2>1.CSS 盒子模型</h2> <p><strong>在CSS中,盒子模型用于设计和布局。CSS盒模型本质上是一个盒子,封装周围的HTML元素,它包括:边距,边框,填充,和实际内容。</strong><br> <img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/889462f7464148979e20edca09bd7769.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><font color="red">说明:</font></strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Margin(外边距) - 清除边框外的区域,外边距是透明的。</strong></li> <li><strong>Border(边框) - 围绕在内边距和内容外的边框。</strong></li> <li><strong>Padding(内边距) - 清除内容周围的区域,内边距是透明的。</strong></li> <li><strong>Content(内容) - 盒子的内容,显示文本和图像。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2>2.元素的宽度和高度</h2> <p><strong>完整大小的元素,必须包括宽度和高度,还必须包含内边距,边框和外边距。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">div</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 300px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 25px solid blue<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 25px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 25px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3d23236f55a64234b0f7451e333745d7.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>总元素的宽度=宽度+左填充+右填充+左边框+右边框+左边距+右边距</strong><br> <strong>总元素的高度=高度+顶部填充+底部填充+上边框+下边框+上边距+下边距</strong></p> </blockquote> <h1>十二.CSS边框(<font color="gree">Border</font>)</h1> <p><strong>可以利用边框属性指定元素边框的样式和颜色。</strong></p> <h2>1.边框样式</h2> <p><strong><code>border-style</code>属性用来定义边框的样式。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">p.none</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.dotted</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dotted<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.dashed</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dashed<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.solid</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.double</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>double<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.groove</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>groove<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.ridge</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>ridge<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.inset</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>inset<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.outset</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>outset<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.hidden</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.mix</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> dotted dashed solid double<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/e34ea64cafdc4b2a865982195df1e908.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.边框宽度</h2> <p><strong><code>border-width</code> 属性用来指定边框宽度。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">p.one</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>medium<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.three</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>1px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/4214155c97a9458b822d133aff992c63.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>为边框指定宽度有两种方法:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>指定长度值</strong></li> <li><strong>使用 关键字,分别是 <code>thick</code> 、<code>medium</code>(默认值) 和 <code>thin</code>,CSS 没有定义 3 个关键字的具体宽度</strong></li> </ul> <hr> <p><strong>“<code>border-width</code>” 属性必须和border-style一起使用,否则不起作用!</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>3.边框颜色</h2> <p><strong><code>border-color</code>属性用于设置边框的颜色。设置颜色的方法和HTML类似。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">p.one</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">p.two</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8698ba9dc2884646a86ef37877e7adc6.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong><code>border-color</code>属性必须和border-style一起使用,否则不起作用。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>4.单独设置各边</h2> <p><strong>在CSS中,可以把边框各边设置成不同的样式和颜色。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">p</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-top-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-top-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red <span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-right-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dotted<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-bottom-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>dotted<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-left-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9690cc6b333c48b0ae24be5dc22bcba3.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>5.属性简写</h2> <p><strong>为了使用方便可以在<code>border</code>一个属性中设置边框。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px solid red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre> <hr> <h1>十三.CSS轮廓(<font color="gree">outline</font>)</h1> <p><strong>轮廓(outline)是绘制于元素周围的一条线,位于边框边缘的外围,可起到突出元素的作用。轮廓(outline)属性指定元素轮廓的样式、颜色和宽度。</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>常用的outline属性:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>outline-color:设置轮廓的颜色</strong></li> <li><strong>outline-style:设置轮廓的样式</strong></li> <li><strong>outline-width:设置轮廓的宽度</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">p</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">outline</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red solid 3px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/944703f6d2ab45049fac323be3bf4340.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <hr> <h1>十四.CSS外边距(<font color="gree">margin</font>)</h1> <h2>1.CSS外边距的使用</h2> <p><strong><code>margin</code>外边距属性定义了元素周围的空间。</strong><br> <img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/f43eea18b62747d19207ae197538123e.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">p.margin</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">margin-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>50px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin-left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>50px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>外边框属性可能的值:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><code>auto</code>:设置浏览器边距,依赖于浏览器</strong></li> <li><strong><code>length</code>:定义一个固定的长度</strong></li> <li><strong><code>%</code>:定义一个百分比的外边距</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2>2.CSS外边距属性简写</h2> <p><strong>为了使用方便,可以使用一个margin属性指定所有的外边距。</strong></p> <p><strong>margin属性可以有一到四个值,定义的内容稍有不同:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px 30px 60px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre> <ul> <li>上边距为25</li> <li>右边距为50</li> <li>下边距为30</li> <li>左边距为60</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px 30px </code></pre> <ul> <li>上边距为25</li> <li>左右边距为50</li> <li>下边距为30</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px </code></pre> <ul> <li>上下边距为25</li> <li>左右边距为50</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px </code></pre> <ul> <li>四个边距都是25</li> </ul> <hr> <h1>十五.CSS填充(<font color="gree">padding</font>)</h1> <h2>1.CSS填充的使用</h2> <p><strong>CSS <code>padding</code>(填充)属性定义元素边框与元素内容之间的空间,即上下左右的内边距。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">p.padding</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">padding-top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>50px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding-left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>50px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>填充属性可能的值:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>length:定义一个固定的填充</strong></li> <li><strong>%:使用百分比值定义一个填充</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <h2>2.CSS填充属性简写</h2> <p><strong>为了使用方便,可以在一个padding属性中指定所有的填充值。</strong></p> <p><strong>padding属性可以有一到四个值,定义内容稍有不同:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px 75px 100px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> </code></pre> <ul> <li>上填充为25</li> <li>右填充为50</li> <li>下填充为75</li> <li>左填充为100</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px 75px </code></pre> <ul> <li>上填充为25</li> <li>左右填充为50</li> <li>下填充为75</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>25px 50px </code></pre> <ul> <li>上下填充为25</li> <li>左右填充50</li> </ul> <pre><code class="prism language-html">padding:25px </code></pre> <ul> <li>四边的填充都为25</li> </ul> <hr> <h1>十六.CSS分组和嵌套选择器</h1> <h2>1.分组选择器</h2> <p><strong>在样式表中有多相同样式的元素,为了减少代码,可以使用分组选择器!例如:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">h1,h2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><strong>使用效果和以下代码相同:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">h1</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">h2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <h2>2.嵌套选择器</h2> <p>使用于选择器内部的选择器样式!例如:</p> <blockquote> <ul> <li><strong><code>p{ }</code>: 为所有 p 元素指定一个样式。</strong></li> <li><strong><code>.marked{ }</code>: 为所有 class=“marked” 的元素指定一个样式。</strong></li> <li><strong><code>.marked p{ }</code>: 为所有 class=“marked” 元素内的 p 元素指定一个样式。</strong></li> <li><strong><code>p.marked{ }</code>: 为所有 class=“marked” 的 p 元素指定一个样式。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>十七.CSS尺寸(<font color="gree">Dimension</font>)</h1> <p><strong>CSS 尺寸 (<code>Dimension</code>) 属性用来控制元素的高度和宽度。</strong></p> <p><strong>CSS 尺寸 (Dimension)属性:</strong></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>属性</th> <th>功能</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>height</td> <td>设置元素的高度。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>line-height</td> <td>设置行高。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>max-height</td> <td>设置元素的最大高度。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>max-width</td> <td>设置元素的最大宽度。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>min-height</td> <td>设置元素的最小高度。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>min-width</td> <td>设置元素的最小宽度。</td> </tr> <tr> <td>width</td> <td>设置元素的宽度。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr> <h1>十八.CSS显示与可见性(<font color="gree">Display Visibility</font>)</h1> <p><strong><code>display</code>(显示)属性设置一个元素应如何显示,<code>visibility</code>(可见性)属性指定一个元素应可见还是隐藏。</strong></p> <h2>1.隐藏元素</h2> <p><strong>使用<code>display:none</code>或<code>visibility:hidden</code>可以隐藏元素,但是两者效果不同,前者隐藏的元素不会占用任何空间,后者隐藏的元素仍占用和隐藏前相同的空间,仍然会影响布局!</strong></p> <h2>2.改变元素的显示</h2> <blockquote> <p><strong>块元素是一个元素,占用了全部宽度,在前后都是换行符。例如<code><h1></code>,<code><p></code>。内联元素只需要必要的宽度,不强制换行。例如<code><span></code>,<code><a></code>。</strong></p> </blockquote> <p><strong>可以通过改变块级元素和内联元素,使元素有一定的特定布局。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">span</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>block<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p>通过改变内联元素的属性使得显示为块级元素,前后带有换行符!</p> <hr> <h1>十九.CSS定位(<font color="gree">Position</font>)</h1> <p><strong><code>position</code> 属性指定了元素的定位类型,<code>position</code> 属性的五个值:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>static</strong></li> <li><strong>relative</strong></li> <li><strong>fixed</strong></li> <li><strong>absolute</strong></li> <li><strong>sticky</strong></li> </ul> <h2>1.static定位</h2> <p><strong>HTML 元素的默认值,即没有定位,遵循正常的文档流对象。静态定位的元素不会受到 top, bottom, left, right影响。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html">div.static { position: static; border: 3px solid red; } </code></pre> <h2>2.fixed定位</h2> <p><strong>元素的位置相对于浏览器窗口是固定位置。不会随着窗口滚动而移动。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">p.pos_fixed</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>fixed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>30px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <h2>3.relative定位</h2> <p><strong>元素的位置是相对于正常元素的位置,移动这个元素的位置,但是原本所占的空间不会改变!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">h2.pos_left</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>-20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">h2.pos_right</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <h2>4.absolute定位</h2> <p><strong>绝对定位的元素的位置相对于最近的已定位父元素,如果元素没有已定位的父元素,那么它的位置相对于<code><html></code>。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">h2</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>100px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>150px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <blockquote> <p><strong>该定位的元素不占据空间,因为它与文档流无关,可以与其它元素重合。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>5.sticky 定位</h2> <p><strong>粘性定位的元素是依赖于用户的滚动,在 <code>position:relative</code> 与 <code>position:fixed</code> 定位之间切换。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">div.sticky</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> sticky<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #cae8ca<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 2px solid #4CAF50<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/c16c713831ec4abab414d499df0e8c0e.gif" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>指定 top, right, bottom 或 left 四个值其中之一,才可使粘性定位生效。否则其行为与相对定位相同。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>6.重叠的元素</h2> <p><strong>元素的定位与文档流无关,所以它们可以覆盖页面上的其它元素。<code>z-index</code>属性指定了一个元素的堆叠顺序(哪个元素应该放在前面,或后面。)</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>如果两个定位元素重叠,没有指定<code>z - index</code>,最后定位在HTML代码中的元素将被显示在最前面。</strong></p> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>二十.CSS布局(<font color="gree">Overflow</font>)</h1> <p><strong>CSS的<code>overflow</code> 属性用于控制内容溢出元素框时显示的方式,在对应的元素区间内添加滚动条。<code>overflow</code> 属性只工作于指定高度的块元素上。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">div</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #eee<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 300px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 50px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> visible<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/e5d14d3716484487bae6840524febe60.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">#overflowTest</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #eee<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 500px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 150px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> scroll<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8702ac840996496a93c9b5104c99908d.gif" alt="请添加图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>overflow属性的所有值:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>visible:默认值。内容不会被修剪,会呈现在元素框之外。</strong></li> <li><strong>hidden:内容会被修剪,并且其余内容是不可见的。</strong></li> <li><strong>scroll:内容会被修剪,但是浏览器会显示滚动条以便查看其余的内容。</strong></li> <li><strong>auto:如果内容被修剪,则浏览器会显示滚动条以便查看其余的内容。</strong></li> <li><strong>inherit:规定应该从父元素继承 overflow 属性的值。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <hr> <h1>二十一.CSS浮动(<font color="gree">Float</font>)</h1> <p><strong>CSS 的 <code>Float</code>(浮动),会使元素向左或向右移动,其周围的元素也会重新排列,往往用于图像的布局。</strong></p> <h2>1.元素是怎么浮动?</h2> <ol> <li><strong>元素的水平方向浮动,意味着元素只能左右移动而不能上下移动。</strong></li> <li><strong>一个浮动元素会尽量向左或向右移动,直到它的外边缘碰到包含框或另一个浮动框的边框为止。</strong></li> <li><strong>浮动元素之前的元素将不会受到影响,浮动元素之后的元素将围绕它。</strong></li> </ol> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6146d88f82434d0e9410d45a9954d11b.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>2.彼此相邻的浮动元素</h2> <p><strong>当几个浮动的元素放在一起,如果有空间的话,它们将彼此相邻。</strong></p> <p><strong>左浮动:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.images</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/*css的样式会优先于标签的属性。*/</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fd9b912e26a742b7b119acf50b391787.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"><br> <strong>右浮动:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.images</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>right<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/58b9459d99d2433a9b95cbb7d1179f44.jpg" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="0" height="0"></p> <h2>3.清除浮动</h2> <p><strong>元素浮动之后,周围的元素会重新排列,为了避免这种情况,使用 <code>clear</code> 属性。</strong><br> <strong><code>clear</code> 属性指定元素两侧不能出现浮动元素。</strong></p> <p><strong>没有使用<code>clear</code>属性的效果:</strong><br> <br> <strong>使用了<code>clear</code>属性的效果:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">.images</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.text_line</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>both<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>2px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p></p> <hr> <h1>二十二.CSS布局-对齐</h1> <h2>1.水平对齐</h2> <h3>1.1元素居中对齐</h3> <p><strong>使用<code>margin: auto;</code>水平对齐一个元素,同时设置元素的宽度防止它溢出到容器的边缘!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.center</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 3px solid red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 10px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/4967a52bc167474c83cf8a2da7f6abcf.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/4967a52bc167474c83cf8a2da7f6abcf.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第2张图片" width="650" height="200" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>元素通过指定宽度,将两边的空外边距平均分配,达到元素居中的效果!</strong></p> </blockquote> <h3>1.2文本居中对齐</h3> <p><strong>如果仅仅是为了文本在元素内居中对齐,可以使用 text-align: center;</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.center</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 3px solid red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/1393e40262154b48a002a33cbf498eef.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/1393e40262154b48a002a33cbf498eef.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第3张图片" width="650" height="169" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h3>1.3图片居中对齐</h3> <p><strong>要让图片居中对齐,首先要把它放在块级元素中,然后使用<code>margin: auto;</code>。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> auto<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/64547cc9af2c49c894d7affa518836b3.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/64547cc9af2c49c894d7affa518836b3.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第4张图片" width="650" height="310" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h3>1.4使用定位方式实现左右对齐</h3> <p><strong><code>position: absolute;</code> 属性可以用来对齐元素。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ea898da1afd6412ba0e15ab22543a210.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ea898da1afd6412ba0e15ab22543a210.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第5张图片" width="650" height="278" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>当使用 position 来对齐元素时, 通常 <code><body></code> 元素会设置 <code>margin</code> 和 <code>padding</code> 。 这样可以避免在不同的浏览器中出现可见的差异。同时,为了解决浏览器带来的差异,当使用 position 属性时,需要始终设置 !DOCTYPE 声明。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h3>1.5使用浮动方式实现左右对齐</h3> <p><strong>同样也可以使用flaot属性来对齐元素。</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">img</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/20f1b502234f43ecb3105cee540c06c2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/20f1b502234f43ecb3105cee540c06c2.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第6张图片" width="650" height="329" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>如果子元素的高度大于父元素,且子元素设置了浮动,那么子元素将溢出!这个时候可以使用清除浮动来解决问题。</strong></p> </blockquote> <h2>2.垂直对齐</h2> <p><strong>可以通过设置内边距来实现垂直对齐!</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.center</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 25px 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 3px solid red<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6bdd6276dd004fd6bdbfa55ad29d5189.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6bdd6276dd004fd6bdbfa55ad29d5189.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第7张图片" width="650" height="256" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <hr> <h1>二十三.CSS导航栏</h1> <h2>1.HTML设置菜单项</h2> <p><strong>使用CSS可以美化HTML的菜单!导航栏类似于链接列表,所以使用<code><ul></code>属性来创建,效果如下:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>#<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>新晋作者<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>#<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>作者周榜<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>#<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>作者总榜<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>#<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>原力榜<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2fcfe9ceaaf145d8a2e007c1abe4f2aa.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2fcfe9ceaaf145d8a2e007c1abe4f2aa.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第8张图片" width="650" height="277" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br> <strong>对菜单进行美化,删除外边距和填充,同时去掉无序列表标记:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3d84c8e2137348f184d8fd1083daa2df.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3d84c8e2137348f184d8fd1083daa2df.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第9张图片" width="650" height="300" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>2.垂直导航栏</h2> <p><strong>创建一个简单的垂直导航条实例,在鼠标移动到选项时,修改背景颜色:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>240<span class="token punctuation">,</span>240<span class="token punctuation">,</span>240<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 8px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标移动到选项上修改背景颜色 */</span> <span class="token selector">li a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>144<span class="token punctuation">,</span>144<span class="token punctuation">,</span>144<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/14cffad91d9b409991a160d30da51b1b.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/14cffad91d9b409991a160d30da51b1b.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第10张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>使用说明:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><code>display:block</code> - 显示块元素的链接,让整体变为可点击链接区域(不只是文本),它允许我们指定宽度。</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <p><strong>在点击了选项后,我们可以添加 “active” 类来表示哪个选项被选中:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">li a.active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #4CAF50<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2592be8ec3b942eaaf14f88a1f392e7b.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/2592be8ec3b942eaaf14f88a1f392e7b.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第11张图片" width="650" height="271" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>继续美化:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>添加<code>text-align:center</code> 样式来让链接居中!</strong></li> <li><strong>在<code><ul></code>或者<code><li></code>上添加 <code>border</code> 属性来让导航栏有边框!</strong></li> </ul> </blockquote> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 200px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #f1f1f1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #000<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 8px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li:last-child</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a.active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #4CAF50<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a:hover:not(.active)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>144<span class="token punctuation">,</span>144<span class="token punctuation">,</span>144<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9bfca30699ec4df0b4a0ad45c6b504ef.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9bfca30699ec4df0b4a0ad45c6b504ef.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第12张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>3.水平导航栏</h2> <p>有两种方法创建横向导航栏。使用内联(inline)或浮动(float)的列表项。如果要链接到具有相同的大小,则必须使用浮动的方法。</p> <h2>内联列表项</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token style"><span class="token language-css"> <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 20px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>inline<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>style</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a0d756442565443ba553593a2bfaa6d7.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a0d756442565443ba553593a2bfaa6d7.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第13张图片" width="650" height="195" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>2.浮动列表项</h2> <p>使用内联列表项时,链接有不同的宽度,如果要使用相同的宽度,则需要使用浮动列表项。</p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>60px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>#dddddd<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fd0cebfd7f984e0dabe97fd2ffe3f9e6.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fd0cebfd7f984e0dabe97fd2ffe3f9e6.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第14张图片" width="650" height="195" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p><code>overflow:hidden</code> 添加到 <code>ul</code> 元素,以防止 <code>li</code> 元素列表的外出。</p> </blockquote> <h2>3.实例</h2> <p>创建一个水平导航条,在鼠标移动到选项后修改背景颜色。</p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>179<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 176<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 176<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 14px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 56<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 56<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8ffae3342e124e428c3d60a76feec0f3.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8ffae3342e124e428c3d60a76feec0f3.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第15张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <blockquote> <p>继续美化:在点击了选项后,我们可以添加 “active” 类来标准哪个选项被选中,并且添加分割线。</p> </blockquote> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">list-style-type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">overflow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>179<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 176<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 176<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">float</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> left<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>1px solid black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li:last-child</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">border-right</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 14px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">li a:hover:not(.active)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token function">rgb</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>64<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 56<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 56<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.active</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #4CAF50<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ff880dd7fb9f4126aadc5e68f9a47fa2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/ff880dd7fb9f4126aadc5e68f9a47fa2.jpg" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第16张图片" width="650" height="249" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>4.固定导航栏</h2> <p><strong>可以设置页面的导航栏固定在头部或者底部:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> fixed<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3381d4fbcd414855ae1ee351164db3f1.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3381d4fbcd414855ae1ee351164db3f1.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第17张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <hr> <h1>二十四.CSS下拉菜单</h1> <h2>1.基本下拉菜单</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.dropdown</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> inline-block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown-content</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #f9f9f9<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 160px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0px 8px 16px 0px <span class="token function">rgba</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0.2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b73b1dffba114959bfe92eaee54a3447.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b73b1dffba114959bfe92eaee54a3447.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第18张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>2.常用下拉菜单</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.dropbtn</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #4CAF50<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> white<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">font-size</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">cursor</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> pointer<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> inline-block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown-content</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #f9f9f9<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 160px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">box-shadow</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0px 8px 16px 0px <span class="token function">rgba</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>0.2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown-content a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12px 16px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown-content a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #f1f1f1<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.dropdown:hover .dropbtn</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #3e8e41<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9475f9e4335044c2b629a4a3466be9cc.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9475f9e4335044c2b629a4a3466be9cc.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第19张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <hr> <h1>二十五.CSS提示工具</h1> <p><strong>提示工具在鼠标移动到指定元素后触发。</strong></p> <h2>1.基础提示框</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><style> <span class="token comment">/* Tooltip 容器 */</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> inline-block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px dotted black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 悬停元素上显示点线 */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Tooltip 文本 */</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">visibility</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 120px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5px 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 定位 */</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">z-index</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* 鼠标移动上去后显示提示框 */</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip:hover .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">visibility</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> visible<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </style> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6e3adc4d009e400d92d2e7c6d95ff42e.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/6e3adc4d009e400d92d2e7c6d95ff42e.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第20张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>2.定位提示工具</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector"><style> .tooltip</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> relative<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> inline-block<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-bottom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1px dotted black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">visibility</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> hidden<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 120px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">background-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> black<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #fff<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">text-align</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> center<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-radius</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5px 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 定位 */</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">z-index</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 105%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip:hover .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">visibility</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> visible<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </style> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/e8120413a85c47a18757d7eb29dc0db1.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/e8120413a85c47a18757d7eb29dc0db1.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第21张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>3.添加箭头</h2> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.tooltip .tooltiptext::after</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">content</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">position</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> absolute<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">top</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 100%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">/* 提示工具底部 */</span> <span class="token property">left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 50%<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">margin-left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5px<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-style</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> solid<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">border-color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> black transparent transparent transparent<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fb12c1a8481e4d879b3c0b4eaf93ec54.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/fb12c1a8481e4d879b3c0b4eaf93ec54.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第22张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <h2>4.淡入效果</h2> <p><strong>我们可以使用 CSS3 transition 属性及 opacity 属性来实现提示工具的淡入效果:</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-css"><span class="token selector">.tooltip .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">opacity</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token property">transition</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> opacity 1s<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token selector">.tooltip:hover .tooltiptext</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token property">opacity</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/f76c324f0b7b4619b0780dcdaa0b74c4.gif" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/f76c324f0b7b4619b0780dcdaa0b74c4.gif" alt="【Web前端】HTML/CSS一文详解_第23张图片" width="920" height="550" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <hr> <h1>二十六.总结</h1> <p><strong>我们在这里已经讲解了许多<font color="blue">HTML重要的标签功能以及使用</font>,同时我们已经<font color="blue">学会如何使用 CSS </font>来添加背景、格式化文本、以及格式化边框,并定义元素的填充和边距等技能,<font size="5" color="red">下一阶段我们将开始JavaScript的学习了!</font></strong></p> </div> </div>������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ </div> </div> </div> <!--PC和WAP自适应版--> <div id="SOHUCS" sid="1549602747689537536"></div> <script type="text/javascript" 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