探索JUnit4扩展:深入Rule

        本文将进一步探究Rule的应用,展示如何使用Rule来替代@BeforeClass,@AfterClass,@Before和@After的功能。

        在上一篇中提到,可以使用Rule替代现有的大部分Runner扩展,而且也不提倡对Runner中的withBefores(),withAfters()等方法进行扩展。本文将介绍如何使用Rule去实现@Before,@After和@BeforeClass的相同功能。

1. BaseRule

        首先要创建一个较通用的TestRule实现BaseRule,它会释放出两个扩展点,一个在执行测试方法之前,before();另一个在执行测试方法之后after()。下面是该类的代码:

package com.bijian.study;

import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;

public abstract class BaseRule implements TestRule {
	 
    @Override
    public Statement apply(Statement base, Description description) {
        return new RuleStatement(base, description);
    }
 
    private class RuleStatement extends Statement {
 
        private Statement base = null;
 
        private Description description = null;
 
        private RuleStatement(Statement base, Description description) {
            this.base = base;
            this.description = description;
        }
 
        @Override
        public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
            before(base, description);
            try {
                base.evaluate();
            } finally {
                after(base, description);
            }
        }
    }
 
    protected void before(Statement base, Description description) throws Throwable {
 
    }
 
    protected void after(Statement base, Description description) {
 
    }
}

        如果对JUnit4的源代码略有认知,可能会发现BaseRule与JUnit4提供的TestRule实现ExternalResource代码相似。关键的不同之处是,BaseRule中的before()与after()方法都提供了Statement与Description类型的参数,这使得它能够完成更复杂的工作。

 

2. CalculatorTest

        本文使用的CalculatorTest将不使用@BeforeClass,@Before和@After,而会创建两个BaseRule的实例:一个用于替代@BeforeClass和@AfterClass(本系列目前还未使用过@AfterClass),另一个则替代@Before和@After。

package com.bijian.study;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.ClassRule;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;

public class CalculatorTest {
	 
    private static final DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd_HH:mm:ss_SSS");
 
    private static Calculator calculator = null;
 
    @ClassRule
    public static BaseRule classRule = new BaseRule() {
 
        protected void before(Statement base, Description description) throws Throwable {
            calculator = new Calculator();
        };
    };
 
    @Rule
    public BaseRule rule = new BaseRule() {
 
        protected void before(Statement base, Description description) throws Throwable {
            printBeforeLog(description);
        };
 
        protected void after(Statement base, Description description) {
            printAfterLog(description);
        };
 
        private void printBeforeLog(Description description) {
            TestLogger testLogger = description.getAnnotation(TestLogger.class);
            if (testLogger != null) {
                StringBuilder log = new StringBuilder(format.format(new Date()));
                log.append(" ").append(description.getClassName()).append("#")
                        .append(description.getMethodName()).append(": ")
                        .append(testLogger.log());
                System.out.println(log.toString());
            }
        }
 
        private void printAfterLog(Description description) {
            StringBuilder log = new StringBuilder(format.format(new Date()));
            log.append(" ").append(description.getClassName()).append("#")
                    .append(description.getMethodName()).append(" end");
            System.out.println(log.toString());
        }
    };
 
    @Test
    @TestLogger(log = "a simple division")
    public void simpleDivide() {
        int value = calculator.divide(8, 2);
        Assert.assertTrue(value == 4);
    }
 
    @Test(expected = ArithmeticException.class)
    @TestLogger(log = "divided by zero, and an ArithmeticException thrown.")
    public void dividedByZero() {
        calculator.divide(8, 0);
    }
}

        值得注意的是,classRule是静态变量,它使用@ClassRule Annotation,将替代@BeforeClass和@AfterClass;而rule是成员变量,它使用@Rule Annotation,将替代@Before和@After。与之前文章不同的是,此处不仅会在执行测试方法之前打印指定内容的日志(printBeforeLog()),还会在执行测试方法之后打印一条固定格式的日志(printAfterLog()),用于指示该测试方法已经执行完毕了。执行结果如下所示:

2014-09-24_00:05:41_375 com.bijian.study.CalculatorTest#simpleDivide: a simple division
2014-09-24_00:05:41_375 com.bijian.study.CalculatorTest#simpleDivide end
2014-09-24_00:05:41_375 com.bijian.study.CalculatorTest#dividedByZero: divided by zero, and an ArithmeticException thrown.
2014-09-24_00:05:41_375 com.bijian.study.CalculatorTest#dividedByZero end

 

3. 小结

        使用Rule可以替代绝大部分的Runner扩展,而且特定的Rule实现可以被复用,也易于添加或移除Rule实例,这些都大大地提高了灵活性。值得注意地是,本文虽然使用Rule代替了@BeforeClass,@AfterClass,@Before和@After的功能,但并不意味着就应当这么做。就我个人的看法,将传统的Fixture功能交由@BeforeClass,@AfterClass,@Before和@After实现,仍然是一种不错的选择。

 

文章来源:http://www.blogjava.net/jiangshachina/archive/2012/01/04/367802.html

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