http接口自动化测试框架实现

http接口自动化测试框架实现

作者：张元礼

http://blog.csdn.net/vincetest

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）

1、测试框架代码

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01.#****************************************************************   

02.# TestFrame.py   

03.# Author     : Vince   

04.# Version    : 1.1.2   

05.# Date       : 2011-3-14   

06.# Description: 自动化测试平台   

07.#****************************************************************   

08.  

09.import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time   

10.from xml2dict import XML2Dict   

11.import win32com.client   

12.from win32com.client import Dispatch   

13.import xml.etree.ElementTree as et   

14.#import MySQLdb   

15.  

16.#Excel表格中测试结果底色   

17.OK_COLOR=0xffffff  

18.NG_COLOR=0xff  

19.#NT_COLOR=0xffff   

20.NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0  

21.  

22.#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置   

23.TESTTIME=[1, 14]   

24.TESTRESULT=[2, 14]   

25.  

26.#Excel模版设置   

27.#self.titleindex=3        #Excel中测试用例标题行索引   

28.#self.casebegin =4        #Excel中测试用例开始行索引   

29.#self.argbegin   =3       #Excel中参数开始列索引   

30.#self.argcount  =8        #Excel中支持的参数个数   

31.class create_excel:   

32.    def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8):   

33.        self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application')   #MS:Excel  WPS:et   

34.        try:   

35.            self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)   

36.        except:   

37.            print_error_info()   

38.            print "打开文件失败"  

39.            exit()   

40.        self.file=sFile   

41.        self.titleindex=dtitleindex   

42.        self.casebegin=dcasebegin   

43.        self.argbegin=dargbegin   

44.        self.argcount=dargcount   

45.        self.allresult=[]   

46.           

47.        self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount   

48.        self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1  

49.        self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1  

50.  

51.    def close(self):   

52.        #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)   

53.        self.book.Save()   

54.        self.book.Close()   

55.        #self.xlApp.Quit()   

56.        del self.xlApp   

57.           

58.    def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):   

59.        try:   

60.            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)   

61.            sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)   

62.        except:   

63.            self.close()   

64.            print('读取数据失败')   

65.            exit()   

66.        #去除'.0'   

67.        if sValue[-2:]=='.0':   

68.            sValue = sValue[0:-2]   

69.        return sValue   

70.  

71.    def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):   

72.        try:   

73.            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)   

74.            sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")   

75.            sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color   

76.            self.book.Save()   

77.        except:   

78.            self.close()   

79.            print('写入数据失败')   

80.            exit()   

81.       

82.    #获取用例个数       

83.    def get_ncase(self, iSheet):   

84.        try:   

85.            return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1  

86.        except:   

87.            self.close()   

88.            print('获取Case个数失败')   

89.            exit()   

90.       

91.    def get_nrows(self, iSheet):   

92.        try:   

93.            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)   

94.            return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count   

95.        except:   

96.            self.close()   

97.            print('获取nrows失败')   

98.            exit()   

99.  

100.    def get_ncols(self, iSheet):   

101.        try:   

102.            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)   

103.            return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count   

104.        except:   

105.            self.close()   

106.            print('获取ncols失败')   

107.            exit()   

108.       

109.    def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):   

110.        try:   

111.            #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来   

112.            nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1  

113.            ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1  

114.            begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount   

115.               

116.            #提升性能   

117.            sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)   

118.  

119.            for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):   

120.                for col in range(begincol, ncols):   

121.                    str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)   

122.                    #清除实际结果[]   

123.                    startpos = str.find('[')   

124.                    if startpos>0:   

125.                        str = str[0:startpos].strip()   

126.                        self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)   

127.                    else:   

128.                        #提升性能   

129.                        sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR   

130.                #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT   

131.                self.write_data(suiteid, row,  self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR)   

132.                self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)   

133.        except:   

134.            self.close()   

135.            print('清除数据失败')   

136.            exit()   

137.  

138.#执行调用   

139.def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url):   

140.    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)   

141.    conn.request("GET", url)   

142.    rsps = conn.getresponse()   

143.    data = rsps.read()   

144.    conn.close()   

145.    return data   

146.  

147.#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]   

148.def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):   

149.    caseinfolist=[]   

150.    sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)    

151.    argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))    

152.       

153.    #获取参数名存入ArgNameList    

154.    ArgNameList=[]   

155.    for i in range(0, argcount):   

156.        ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))     

157.       

158.    caseinfolist.append(sInterface)   

159.    caseinfolist.append(argcount)   

160.    caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)   

161.    return caseinfolist   

162.  

163.#获取输入   

164.def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):   

165.    sArge=''  

166.    #参数组合   

167.    for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):   

168.        if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None":   

169.            sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'    

170.       

171.    #去掉结尾的&字符   

172.    if sArge[-1:]=='&':   

173.        sArge = sArge[0:-1]      

174.    sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge    #组合全部参数   

175.    return sInput   

176.    

177.#结果判断    

178.def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):   

179.    sReal=str(sReal)   

180.    sExpect=str(sExpect)   

181.    if sReal==sExpect:   

182.        return 'OK'  

183.    else:   

184.        return 'NG'  

185.  

186.#将测试结果写入文件   

187.def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):   

188.    if len(result)>1:   

189.        ret='OK'  

190.        for i in range(0, len(result)):   

191.            if result[i]=='NG':   

192.                ret='NG'  

193.                break  

194.        if ret=='NG':   

195.            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)   

196.        else:   

197.            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)   

198.        Data.allresult.append(ret)   

199.    else:   

200.        if result[0]=='NG':   

201.            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)   

202.        elif result[0]=='OK':   

203.            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)   

204.        else:  #NT   

205.            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)   

206.        Data.allresult.append(result[0])   

207.       

208.    #将当前结果立即打印   

209.    print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]   

210.  

211.#打印测试结果   

212.def statisticresult(excelobj):   

213.    allresultlist=excelobj.allresult   

214.    count=[0, 0, 0]   

215.    for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):   

216.        #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]   

217.        count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])   

218.    print 'Statistic result as follow:'  

219.    print 'OK:', count[0]   

220.    print 'NG:', count[1]   

221.    print 'NT:', count[2]   

222.  

223.#解析XmlString返回Dict   

224.def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):   

225.    xml = XML2Dict()   

226.    return xml.fromstring(xml_string)   

227.       

228.#解析XmlFile返回Dict    

229.def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):   

230.    xml = XML2Dict()   

231.    return xml.parse(xml_file)   

232.  

233.#去除历史数据expect[real]   

234.def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):   

235.    startpos = str.find('[')   

236.    if startpos>0:   

237.        str = str[0:startpos].strip()   

238.        excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)   

239.    return str   

240.       

241.#检查每个item （非结构体）   

242.def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):   

243.    ret='OK'  

244.    for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):   

245.        real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']   

246.        expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)   

247.           

248.        #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]   

249.        #将return NG   

250.        result=assert_result(real, expect)   

251.        if result=='NG':   

252.            writestr=expect+'['+real+']'  

253.            excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)   

254.            ret='NG'  

255.    return ret   

256.  

257.#检查结构体类型   

258.def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):   

259.    ret='OK'  

260.    if structcount>1:  #传入的是List   

261.        for structid in range(0, structcount):   

262.            structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]   

263.            temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))   

264.            if temp=='NG':   

265.                ret='NG'  

266.                        

267.    else: #传入的是Dict   

268.        temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)   

269.        if temp=='NG':   

270.            ret='NG'  

271.               

272.    return ret   

273.  

274.#获取异常函数及行号   

275.def print_error_info():   

276.    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""  

277.    try:   

278.        raise Exception   

279.    except:   

280.        f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back   

281.    print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)     

282.  

283.#测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现   

284.def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):    

285.    calculation  = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],     

286.                         'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],                         

287.                         'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}        

288.    return calculation[flag]()   

2、项目测试代码

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01.# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-   

02.#****************************************************************   

03.# xxx_server_case.py   

04.# Author     : Vince   

05.# Version    : 1.0   

06.# Date       : 2011-3-10   

07.# Description: 内容服务系统测试代码   

08.#****************************************************************   

09.  

10.from testframe import *   

11.from common_lib import *   

12.  

13.httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'  

14.expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/'  

15.realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/'  

16.  

17.def run(interface_name, suiteid):   

18.    print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...'  

19.    global expectXmldir, realXmldir   

20.       

21.    #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录   

22.    expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name   

23.    realDir=realXmldir+interface_name   

24.    if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0:   

25.        os.makedirs(expectDir)   

26.    if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0:   

27.        os.makedirs(realDir)   

28.       

29.    excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid)  #清除历史测试数据   

30.    casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数   

31.    caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息   

32.       

33.    #遍历执行case   

34.    for caseid in range(0, casecount):   

35.        #检查是否执行该Case   

36.        if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':   

37.            write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT')   

38.            continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case   

39.           

40.        #获取测试数据   

41.        sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)      

42.        XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput)     #执行调用   

43.           

44.        #获取返回码并比较   

45.        result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text   

46.        ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol)   

47.           

48.        #保存预期结果文件   

49.        expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  

50.        #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString)   

51.           

52.        #保存实际结果文件   

53.        realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  

54.        saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString)   

55.           

56.        #比较预期结果和实际结果   

57.        ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath)   

58.           

59.        #写测试结果   

60.        write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2)   

61.    print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'  

3、测试入口

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01.# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-   

02.#****************************************************************   

03.# main.py   

04.# Author     : Vince   

05.# Version    : 1.0   

06.# Date       : 2011-3-16   

07.# Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口   

08.#****************************************************************   

09.  

10.from testframe import *   

11.from xxx_server_case import *   

12.import xxx_server_case   

13.  

14.#产品系统接口测试   

15.#设置测试环境   

16.xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/xxx_Testcase.xls')   

17.xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'   

18.  

19.#Add testsuite begin   

20.run("xxx_book_list", 4)   

21.#Add other suite from here   

22.#Add testsuite end   

23.  

24.statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)   

25.xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()  

最后感谢我的同事Roger为此做了一些优化，后续优化的东东还很多，我们一直在努力！

欢迎转载此文，转载时请注明文章来源：张元礼的博客 http://blog.csdn.net/vincetest

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/vincetest/archive/2011/04/22/6341658.aspx#1655236