【Android】UI测试：UIAutomator & Espresso

UIAutomator

允许以全局的视角操作设备和OS，可用于跨进程跨应用做黑盒测试。
支持 API 18 或以上，不支持 WebView。

提供5个基本工具类，用于操作测试流程：

com.android.uiautomator.core.UiCollection;
com.android.uiautomator.core.UiDevice;
com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObject;
com.android.uiautomator.core.UiScrollable;
com.android.uiautomator.core.UiSelector

Example代码：

// Public void for the operation
public void testSignInAndTweet() throws Exception {
    // Starting application:
    getUiDevice().wakeUp();
    // Press Home button to ensure we're on homescreen
    getUiDevice().pressHome(); 
    // Select 'Apps' and click button
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().description("Apps")).click(); 
    // Select 'Twitter' and click
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Twitter")).click(); 
    // Locate and select 'Sign in'
    UiSelector signIn = new UiSelector().text("Sign In"); 
    // If button is available, click
    UiObject signInButton = new UiObject(signIn);
    if (signInButton.exists()) {
    signInButton.click(); 
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.Button").
    text("Sign In").instance(0)).click(); 
    // Wait Sign in progress window
    getUiDevice().waitForWindowUpdate(null, 2000);
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().description("New tweet")).click(); 
    // Typing text for a tweet
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.LinearLayout").instance(8)).
    setText("Awesome #Testdroid!"); 
    // Tweeting!
    new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Tweet")).click();

Espresso

基于 Android instrumentation framework 构建的快速UI测试框架，拥有简单易用的API及与UI线程同步的响应性能。用于 App 单应用测试，可通过动作录制方式自动生成测试代码。
支持 API 8及以上，不支持 WebView。

Example 代码：

public void testEspresso() {
    // Check if view with the text 'Hello.' is shown
    onView(withText("Hello.")).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
    // R class ID identifier for 'Sign in' - and click it
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/sign_in", null, null))).perform(click());
    // R class ID identifier for entering username
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/login_username", null, null))).perform((typeText("username")));
    // R class ID identifier for entering password
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/login_password", null, null))).perform((typeText("password")));
    // R class ID identifier for clicking log in
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/login_login", null, null))).perform(click());
    // Activate the text field to compose a tweet
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/menu_compose_tweet", null, null))).perform(click());
    // Type the tweet
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/edit", null, null))).perform((typeText(”#Testdroid")));
    // Tweeting!
    onView(withId(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources()
    .getIdentifier("com.twitter.android:id/composer_post", null, null))).perform(click());
}

参考

• Testing Support Library - Android developer
• TOP 5 ANDROID TESTING FRAMEWORKS (WITH EXAMPLES)