熟练使用SQL Server中的各种用法会给查询带来很多方便。今天就介绍一下EXCEPT和INTERSECT。注意此语法仅在SQL Server 2005及以上版本支持。
EXCEPT是指在第一个集合中存在,但是不存在于第二个集合中的数据。
INTERSECT是指在两个集合中都存在的数据。
测试如下:
[c-sharp] view plain copy print ?
- create table t1(id int,mark char(2))
- go
- create table t2(id int,mark char(2))
- go
- insert into t1
- select 1,'t1' union all
- select 2,'t2' union all
- select 3,'t3' union all
- select 4,'t4'
- go
- insert into t2
- select 2,'t2' union all
- select 3,'m3' union all
- select 5,'m5' union all
- select 6,'t6'
- go
- select * from t1
- EXCEPT
- select * from t2
- go
- select * from t1
- INTERSECT
- select * from t2
- go
-
- --EXCEPT结果集为
- --1 t1
- --3 t3
- --4 t4
-
- --INTERSECT结果集为
- --2 t2
<textarea name="code" class="c-sharp" style="display: none;" rows="15" cols="50">create table t1(id int,mark char(2)) go create table t2(id int,mark char(2)) go insert into t1 select 1,'t1' union all select 2,'t2' union all select 3,'t3' union all select 4,'t4' go insert into t2 select 2,'t2' union all select 3,'m3' union all select 5,'m5' union all select 6,'t6' go select * from t1 EXCEPT select * from t2 go select * from t1 INTERSECT select * from t2 go --EXCEPT结果集为 --1 t1 --3 t3 --4 t4 --INTERSECT结果集为 --2 t2</textarea>
EXCEPT和INTERSECT的优先级:
为了测试它们之间的优先级,运行下面的测试代码:
[c-sharp] view plain copy print ?
- create table t3(int id,mark char(2))
- go
- insert into t3
- select 3,'t3' union all
- select 3,'r3' union all
- select 5,'m5' union all
- select 5,'r5' union all
- select 7,'b7' union all
- select 8,'b8'
- go
- select * from t1
- EXCEPT
- select * from t2
- INTERSECT
- select * from t3
-
- --运行结果
- --1 t1
- --2 t2
- --3 t3
- --4 t4
<textarea name="code" class="c-sharp" style="display: none;" rows="15" cols="50">create table t3(int id,mark char(2)) go insert into t3 select 3,'t3' union all select 3,'r3' union all select 5,'m5' union all select 5,'r5' union all select 7,'b7' union all select 8,'b8' go select * from t1 EXCEPT select * from t2 INTERSECT select * from t3 --运行结果 --1 t1 --2 t2 --3 t3 --4 t4 </textarea>
为什么会出现如上结果呢,请看下面的执行计划:

原来t2和t3先进行的INTERSECT运算,得出5 m5结果集,再和t1进行EXCEPT运算。