后缀数组（最长回文子串）——ural 1297

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Palindrome

Time Limit: 1000MS

Memory Limit: 65536KB

64bit IO Format: %I64d & %I64u

Submit Status

Description

The “U.S. Robots” HQ has just received a rather alarming anonymous letter. It states that the agent from the competing «Robots Unlimited» has infiltrated into “U.S. Robotics”. «U.S. Robots» security service would have already started an undercover operation to establish the agent’s identity, but, fortunately, the letter describes communication channel the agent uses. He will publish articles containing stolen data to the “Solaris” almanac. Obviously, he will obfuscate the data, so “Robots Unlimited” will have to use a special descrambler (“Robots Unlimited” part number NPRx8086, specifications are kept secret).

Having read the letter, the “U.S. Robots” president recalled having hired the “Robots Unlimited” ex-employee John Pupkin. President knows he can trust John, because John is still angry at being mistreated by “Robots Unlimited”. Unfortunately, he was fired just before his team has finished work on the NPRx8086 design.

So, the president has assigned the task of agent’s message interception to John. At first, John felt rather embarrassed, because revealing the hidden message isn’t any easier than finding a needle in a haystack. However, after he struggled the problem for a while, he remembered that the design of NPRx8086 was still incomplete. “Robots Unlimited” fired John when he was working on a specific module, the text direction detector. Nobody else could finish that module, so the descrambler will choose the text scanning direction at random. To ensure the correct descrambling of the message by NPRx8086, agent must encode the information in such a way that the resulting secret message reads the same both forwards and backwards. 
In addition, it is reasonable to assume that the agent will be sending a very long message, so John has simply to find the longest message satisfying the mentioned property.

Your task is to help John Pupkin by writing a program to find the secret message in the text of a given article. As NPRx8086 ignores white spaces and punctuation marks, John will remove them from the text before feeding it into the program.

Input

The input consists of a single line, which contains a string of Latin alphabet letters (no other characters will appear in the string). String length will not exceed 1000 characters.

Output

The longest substring with mentioned property. If there are several such strings you should output the first of them.

Sample Input

input	output
ThesampletextthatcouldbereadedthesameinbothordersArozaupalanalapuazorA	ArozaupalanalapuazorA

Source

Problem Author: Eugene Krokhalev 
Problem Source: IX Open Collegiate Programming Contest of the High School Pupils (13.03.2004) 

题意：求给出字符串的最长回文子串，如果有多个解，则输出最左边的解

思路：后缀数组基本应用

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <math.h>  
#define MS(x, y) memset(x, y, sizeof(x))  
#define MIN(x, y) ((x)<(y)?(x):(y))
#define MAX(x, y) ((x)>(y)?(x):(y))
const int MAXN = 2000+10;  
const int INF = 1<<30;  
  
int dp[MAXN][20];
int wa[MAXN],wb[MAXN],wv[MAXN],ws[MAXN];  
int rank[MAXN],r[MAXN],sa[MAXN],height[MAXN];  
char str[MAXN];  
  
int cmp(int *r, int a, int b, int l)  
{  
    return r[a] == r[b] && r[a+l] == r[b+l];  
}  
  
void da(int *r, int *sa, int n, int m)  
{  
    int i, j, p, *x = wa, *y = wb, *t;  
  
    for(i=0; i<m; i++) ws[i] = 0;  
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) ws[x[i] = r[i]]++;  
    for(i=1; i<m; i++) ws[i] += ws[i-1];  
    for(i=n-1; i>=0; i--) sa[--ws[x[i]]] = i;  
  
    for(j=1,p=1; p<n; j<<=1, m=p){  
  
        for(p=0,i=n-j; i<n; i++) y[p++] = i;  
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) if(sa[i] >= j) y[p++] = sa[i] - j;  
  
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) wv[i] = x[y[i]];  
        for(i=0; i<m; i++) ws[i] = 0;  
        for(i=0; i<n; i++) ws[wv[i]]++;  
        for(i=1; i<m; i++) ws[i] += ws[i-1];  
        for(i=n-1; i>=0; i--) sa[--ws[wv[i]]] = y[i];  
  
        for(t=x,x=y,y=t,p=1,x[sa[0]]=0,i=1; i<n; i++)  
            x[sa[i]] = cmp(y, sa[i-1], sa[i], j) ? p-1 : p++;  
  
    }  
    return;  
}  
  
void calheight(int *r, int *sa, int n)  
{  
    int i, j, k = 0;  
    for(i=1; i<n; i++) rank[sa[i]] = i;  
    for(i=0; i<n-1; height[rank[i++]] = k)  
        for(k ? k-- : 0,j=sa[rank[i]-1]; r[i+k] == r[j+k]; k++);  
    return;  
}  

void caldp(int n)  
{  
	int i,j;
    for(i=1; i<n; i++)
        dp[i][0]=height[i];  

    for(j=1; j<=15; j++){ //注意这个要在外层  
        for(i=1; i<n; i++){  
            if(i+(1<<j)-1 < n){  
                dp[i][j]=MIN(dp[i][j-1], dp[i+(1<<(j-1))][j-1]);  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  
  
int rmq(int l, int r)  
{  
    int k = int(log(double(r-l+1))/log(2.0));  
    return MIN(dp[l][k], dp[r-(1<<k)+1][k]);  
}  

int main()
{
	//freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
	while(~scanf("%s", str))
	{
		MS(dp, 0);
		MS(r, 0);
		MS(sa, 0);
		MS(rank, 0);
		MS(height, 0);
		MS(ws, 0);
		MS(wv, 0);
		MS(wa, 0);
		MS(wb, 0);
		
		int path = 0;
		int i, n = 0;
		int len = strlen(str);
		for(i=0; i<len; i++)
			r[n++] = (int)str[i] - (int)'A' + 1;
		path = n;
		r[n++] = 59;
		for(i=len-1; i>=0; i--)
			r[n++] = (int)str[i] - (int)'A' + 1;
		r[n++] = 0;

		da(r, sa, n, 60);
		calheight(r, sa, n);
		caldp(n);

		int Set = -1, Len = 0;
		int s = 0, l = 1, s1 = 0, l1 = 1, s2 = 0, l2 = 1;
		int left, right, ok;
		for(i=0; i<len; i++){
			ok = 0;
			if(i != len-1 && r[i] == r[i+1]){//回文串为偶数
				ok = 1;
				left = MIN(rank[i + 1], rank[n - 2 - i]);
				right = MAX(rank[i + 1], rank[n - 2 - i]);
				l1 = rmq(left + 1, right);
				s1 = i - l1 + 1;
				l1 = 2 * l1;
			}

			left = MIN(rank[i], rank[n - 2 - i]);
			right = MAX(rank[i], rank[n - 2 - i]);
			l2 = rmq(left + 1, right);
			s2 = i - l2 + 1;
			l2 = 2 * l2 - 1;

			l = l2; s = s2;
			if(ok) if(l1 > l2){
				l = l1; s = s1;
			}

			if(l == Len && s < Set) Set = s;
			else if(l > Len){
				Len = l;
				Set = s;
			}
		}
		for(i=Set; i < Len+Set; i++)
			printf("%c", r[i] + 'A' - 1);
		printf("\n");
	}
	return 0;
}