迁移数据库——rman Duplicate 异机复制数据库
数据库版本是：Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
RMAN 异机复制和同机复制操作步骤是一样的，不同的是我们需要把备份的文件copy到辅助库上去，而且位置要和目标库上一致，因为备份集的位置是写在控制文件里的。
目标库信息：
ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_SID：orcl
IP: 10.10.10.8
辅助库信息：
ORACLE_BASE: /u01/app
ORACLE_HOME: /u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_SID：db
IP: 10.10.10.9
1、在辅助实例上创建初始化参数文件，可以根据源数据库的参数文件来修改。
（参数文件非常重要，直接决定了复杂能否成功，注意最后两行。）
[oracle@linux dbs]$ cat initdb.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/db/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/db/controlfile.ora'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest=''
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=128
*.db_name='db'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=8589934592
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oradata/db/flash_area'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dbXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_max_target=536870912
*.memory_target=536870912
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=419430400
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oradata','/u01/app/oradata/db')
*.log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oradata','/u01/app/oradata/db')
2、在辅助实例上创建必要的目录和密码文件：
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/admin/db/adump
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata/db/flash_area
$ orapwd file=
'/u01/app/oracle/dbs/
orapwdb'
password=oracle entries=10
3、在辅助实例上创建spfile，nomount db实例：
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initdb.ora';
SQL> startup force nomount
SQL> show parameter spfile
4、在目标实例上备份数据库：
$ rman target /
RMAN> startup
RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/u01/backup/%d_%U';
backup
database;
backup archivelog
all;
backup
current controlfile;
}
5、从目标实例上复制备份集到辅助实例：（存放备份集目录相同）
[oracle@db u01]$ scp -r [email protected]:/u01/backup /u01
The authenticity of host '10.10.10.8 (10.10.10.8)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9d:59:1d:a9:55:99:a8:0b:b7:1e:71:29:3e:f1:4d:b8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.8' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
ORCL_1kodreq0_1_1 100% 1131MB 10.1MB/s 01:52
ORCL_1nodreuk_1_1 100% 97MB 1.1MB/s 01:30
ORCL_1oodreus_1_1 100% 10MB 782.8KB/s 00:13
ORCL_1lodretb_1_1 100% 455MB 2.7MB/s 02:51
ORCL_1modreuf_1_1 100% 10MB 10.0MB/s 00:00
6、在目标实例的tnsnames.ora中添加到辅助实例的配置（红色部分）：
$ cat tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = linux)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
DB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.9)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = db)
)
)
$ lsnrctl start
7、在辅助实例上配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora（红色部分很重要）
[oracle@db admin]$ cat listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db)
(SID_NAME = db)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app
[oracle@db admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.10.10.8)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = orcl)
)
)
DB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SID = db)
)
)
$ lsnrctl start
8、在目标实例上，用rman连接orcl和db数据库实例
$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl auxiliary sys/oracle@db
RMAN> duplicate target database to db skip tablespace perfstat;
9、附录
a）在duplicata的时候不能有session连接。
b）skip tablespace perfstat; 这里跳过了表空间：perfstat。
c）duplicate target database to ORCL nofilenamecheck；
Nofilenamecheck 参数：如果在复制时，位置不同时，我们会用参数db_file_name_convert 对文件位置进行转换。 如果相同的位置。 所以这里必须加上nofilenamecheck参数。 该参数通知复制操作不必在执行还原操作前确认文件名是不同的。如果没有指定nofilenamecheck参数，rman会给出如下错误：
RMAN-05001: auxiliary filename /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
RMAN-05001: auxiliary filename /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database
d）使用duplicata复制数据库，会为辅助数据库生成新的DBID。