C++ Map

  • STL… 更新中

map的基本操作函数:

  • C++ Maps是一种关联式容器,包含“关键字/值”对
begin()          返回指向map头部的迭代器
clear() 删除所有元素 count() 返回指定元素出现的次数 empty() 如果map为空则返回true end() 返回指向map末尾的迭代器 equal_range() 返回特殊条目的迭代器对 erase() 删除一个元素 find() 查找一个元素 get_allocator() 返回map的配置器 insert() 插入元素 key_comp() 返回比较元素key的函数 lower_bound() 返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置 max_size() 返回可以容纳的最大元素个数 rbegin() 返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器 rend() 返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器 size() 返回map中元素的个数 swap() 交换两个map upper_bound() 返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置 value_comp() 返回比较元素value的函数

map最基本的构造函数

map<string , int >mapstring;         map<int ,string >mapint;
map<sring, char>mapstring;         map< char ,string>mapchar;
map<char ,int>mapchar;            map<int ,char >mapint;

map添加数据

map<int ,string> maplive;
maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive"));
maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai"));
maplive[112]="April"; //map中最简单最常用的插入添加!

map中元素的查找

find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
    cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
else cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;

map中元素的删除

如果删除112map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112);
if(l_it==maplive.end())
    cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
else  maplive.erase(l_it);  //delete 112;

map中 swap的用法

  • Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
For example:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;
    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;

    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 1, 10 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 2, 20 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 3, 30 ) );
    m2.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 10, 100 ) );
    m2.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 20, 200 ) );
    m3.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 30, 300 ) );

    cout << "The original map m1 is:";
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
       cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;
       cout   << "." << endl;

    // This is the member function version of swap
    //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map
    m1.swap( m2 );

    cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
       cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
       cout  << "." << endl;
    cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";
    for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
       cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
       cout  << "." << endl;
    // This is the specialized template version of swap
    swap( m1, m3 );

    cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
       cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;
       cout   << "." << endl;
}

map的sort问题:

  • Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
For example:
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
    map <int, int> m1;
    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 1, 20 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 4, 40 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 3, 60 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 2, 50 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 6, 40 ) );
    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 7, 30 ) );
    cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;
    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )
        cout <<  m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;
}
The original map m1 is:
1 20
2 50
3 60
4 40
6 40
7 30

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