总是感觉 android 中 UI 更新很让人纠结!自己小结一下,算是抛砖引玉。读这篇文章之前,假设你已经明白线程、Handler 的使用。
在文章的最后,附录一张草图,主要用于说明 Handler、Message、MessageQueue、Looper 之间的关系。
1. 在 onCreate() 方法中开启线程更新 UI
- public class MasterActivity extends Activity {
- TextView tv = null;
- Button btn = null;
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
- btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
-
-
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv.setText("update UI is success!");
- btn.setText("update UI is success!");
- }});
- thread.start();
- }
随便折腾,不会报错或者异常!以为开启的线程和 UI 线程(主线程)是同一个线程,但是很不幸,他们的线程id根本是风牛马不相及!
不知道为什么在这里开启子线程更新UI就没有问题!真的想不明白????
2. 在 activity 如 onResume、onStart、反正是以 on 开头的回调方法
- @Override
- protected void onRestart() {
- super.onRestart();
-
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv.setText("update UI is success!");
- btn.setText("update UI is success!");
- }});
- thread.start();
- }
不好意思,按下返回按钮在启动程序,或者按 Home 键再启动程序,就这么折腾几下,就会包异常!信息如下:
android.view.ViewRoot$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
意思是:只有主线程才可以更新 UI。
解决办法:加上 postInvalidate() 方法。
- @Override
- protected void onRestart() {
- super.onRestart();
-
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv.postInvalidate();
- btn.postInvalidate();
- tv.setText("update UI is success!");
- btn.setText("update UI is success!");
- }});
- thread.start();
- }
postInvalidate() 方法,源码:
- public void postInvalidate() {
- postInvalidateDelayed(0);
- }
- public void postInvalidateDelayed(long delayMilliseconds) {
-
-
- if (mAttachInfo != null) {
- Message msg = Message.obtain();
- msg.what = AttachInfo.INVALIDATE_MSG;
- msg.obj = this;
- mAttachInfo.mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMilliseconds);
- }
- }
其实,是调用了 Handler 的处理消息的机制!该方法可以在子线程中直接用来更新UI。还有一个方法 invalidate (),稍候再说!
3. 在 Button 的事件中开启线程,更新 UI
- public class MasterActivity extends Activity {
- TextView tv = null;
- Button btn = null;
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
- btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv.setText("update UI is success!");
- btn.setText("update UI is success!");
- }});
- thread.start();
- }
- });
- }
Sorry,报错!即使你加上 postInvalidate() 方法,也会报这个错误。
android.view.ViewRoot$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.

4. 使用 Handler 结合多线程更新 UI
a. 开启一个线程,在 run 方法中通知 Handler
b. Handler 中使用 handleMessage 方法更新 UI。
- public class MasterActivity extends Activity {
- TextView tv = null;
- Button btn = null;
-
- Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- if(msg.what == 1) {
- tv.setText("update UI is success!");
- btn.setText("update UI is success!");
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- };
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- tv = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.text);
- btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
- btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
- Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage();
- msg.what = 1;
- msg.sendToTarget();
- }});
- thread.start();
- }
- });
- }
5. Handler 和 invalidate 方法结合多线程更新 UI
方法 invalidate 主要用在主线程中(即UI 线程中),
不可以用于子线程。如果在子线程中需要使用 postInvalidate 方法。
sdk 的 api 有说明:
- public void invalidate ()
- Since: API Level 1
- Invalidate the whole view. If the view is visible, onDraw(Canvas) will be called at some point in the future. This must be called from a UI thread. To call from a non-UI thread, call postInvalidate().
看看该方法源码:
- public void invalidate() {
- if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
- ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.INVALIDATE);
- }
- if ((mPrivateFlags & (DRAWN | HAS_BOUNDS)) == (DRAWN | HAS_BOUNDS)) {
- mPrivateFlags &= ~DRAWN & ~DRAWING_CACHE_VALID;
- final ViewParent p = mParent;
- final AttachInfo ai = mAttachInfo;
- if (p != null && ai != null) {
- final Rect r = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
- r.set(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
-
-
- p.invalidateChild(this, r);
- }
- }
- }
invalidate 方法如果你直接在主线程中调用,是看不到任何更新的。需要与Handler结合!
感谢这位“雷锋”,一个不错的例子: http://disanji.net/2010/12/12/android-invalidate-ondraw/
只是被我修改了一点,加入times,看看 onDraw 到底运行多少次。
Android 在 onDraw 事件处理绘图,而 invalidate() 函数可以再一次触发 onDraw 事件,然后再一次进行绘图动作。
- public class MasterActivity extends Activity {
- static int times = 1;
-
-
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-
- setContentView( new View(null){
-
- Paint vPaint = new Paint();
- private int i = 0;
-
- @Override
- protected void onDraw (Canvas canvas) {
- super.onDraw(canvas);
- System.out.println("this run " + (times++) +" times!");
-
-
- vPaint.setColor( 0xff00ffff );
- vPaint.setAntiAlias( true );
- vPaint.setStyle( Paint.Style.STROKE );
-
-
- canvas.drawArc(new RectF(60, 120, 260, 320), 0, i, true, vPaint );
-
-
- if( (i+=10) > 360 )
- i = 0;
-
-
- invalidate();
- }
- });
- }
- }
经过测试,发现 times 一直在++,说明 onDraw 被多次调用,并且一致在画图!
SDK 的 API 有时候让人很郁闷,无语.....关于 invalidate 的使用,还待探索。革命尚未成功,同志仍需努力!
博客更新,推荐文章:
View编程(2): invalidate()再探
View编程(3): invalidate()源码分析
附录: Handler、Message、MessageQueue、Looper 之间的关系

这里说明:
1. Looper 使用无限循环取出消息,是有 android os 控制的。
2. android 线程是非安全的,即不要在子线程中更新 UI。
3. Looper 取出来的消息,handler 可以通过 what、obj 等量来区别分别获取属于自己的消息,所以推荐使用这些量。