PHP5添加了一项新的功能:Reflection。这个功能使得程序员可以reverse-engineer class, interface,function,method and extension。通过PHP代码,就可以得到某object的所有信息,并且可以和它交互。
假设有一个类Person:
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class Person { |
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/** |
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* For the sake of demonstration, we"re setting this private |
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*/ |
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private $_allowDynamicAttributes = false; |
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|
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/** type=primary_autoincrement */ |
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protected $id = 0; |
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|
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/** type=varchar length=255 null */ |
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protected $name ; |
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|
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/** type=text null */ |
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protected $biography ; |
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|
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public function getId() |
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{ |
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return $this ->id; |
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} |
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public function setId( $v ) |
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{ |
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$this ->id = $v ; |
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} |
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public function getName() |
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{ |
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return $this ->name; |
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} |
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public function setName( $v ) |
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{ |
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$this ->name = $v ; |
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} |
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public function getBiography() |
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{ |
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return $this ->biography; |
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} |
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public function setBiography( $v ) |
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{ |
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$this ->biography = $v ; |
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} |
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} |
通过ReflectionClass,我们可以得到Person类的以下信息:
只要把类名"Person"传递给ReflectionClass就可以了:
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$class = new ReflectionClass( 'Person' ); |
获取属性(Properties):
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$properties = $class ->getProperties(); |
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foreach ( $properties as $property ) { |
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echo $property ->getName(). "\n" ; |
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} |
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// 输出: |
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// _allowDynamicAttributes |
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// id |
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// name |
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// biography |
默认情况下,ReflectionClass会获取到所有的属性,private 和 protected的也可以。如果只想获取到private属性,就要额外传个参数:
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$private_properties = $class ->getProperties(ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE); |
可用参数列表:
如果要同时获取public 和private 属性,就这样写:ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED
应该不会感觉陌生吧。
通过$property->getName()可以得到属性名,通过getDocComment可以得到写给property的注释。
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foreach ( $properties as $property ) { |
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if ( $property ->isProtected()) { |
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$docblock = $property ->getDocComment(); |
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preg_match( '/ type\=([a-z_]*) /' , $property ->getDocComment(), $matches ); |
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echo $matches [1]. "\n" ; |
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} |
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} |
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// Output: |
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// primary_autoincrement |
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// varchar |
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// text |
有点不可思议了吧。竟然连注释都可以取到。
获取方法(methods):通过getMethods() 来获取到类的所有methods。返回的是ReflectionMethod对象的数组。不再演示。
最后通过ReflectionMethod来调用类里面的method。
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$data = array ( "id" => 1, "name" => "Chris" , "biography" => "I am am a PHP developer" ); |
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foreach ( $data as $key => $value ) { |
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if (! $class ->hasProperty( $key )) { |
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throw new Exception( $key . " is not a valid property" ); |
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} |
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|
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if (! $class ->hasMethod( "get" .ucfirst( $key ))) { |
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throw new Exception( $key . " is missing a getter" ); |
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} |
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|
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if (! $class ->hasMethod( "set" .ucfirst( $key ))) { |
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throw new Exception( $key . " is missing a setter" ); |
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} |
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|
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// Make a new object to interact with |
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$object = new Person(); |
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|
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// Get the getter method and invoke it with the value in our data array |
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$setter = $class ->getMethod( "set" .ucfirst( $key )); |
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$ok = $setter ->invoke( $object , $value ); |
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|
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// Get the setter method and invoke it |
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$setter = $class ->getMethod( "get" .ucfirst( $key )); |
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$objValue = $setter ->invoke( $object ); |
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|
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// Now compare |
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if ( $value == $objValue ) { |
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echo "Getter or Setter has modified the data.\n" ; |
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} else { |
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echo "Getter and Setter does not modify the data.\n" ; |
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} |
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} |
有点意思吧。