JavaDb学习笔记

Derby并不是一个新的数据库产品,它是由IBM捐献给Apache的DB项目的一个纯Java数据库,JDK6.0里面带的这个Derby的版本是10.2.1.7,支持存储过程和触发器;有两种运行模式,一种是作为嵌入式数据库,另一种是作为网络数据库,前者的数据库服务器和客户端都在同一个JVM里面运行,后者允许数据库服务器端和客户端不在同一个JVM里面,而且允许这两者在不同的物理机器上.值得注意的是JDK6里面的这个Derby支持JDK6的新特性JDBC 4.0规范(JSR 221),现在我们如果要练习JDBC的用法,没有必要单独装一个数据库产品了,直接用Derby就行.
下面是个使用derby的简单例子:
首先导入JAR包:derby.jar,如果你装的是JDK6,在C:/Program Files/Sun/JavaDB/lib目录下就可以找到.
然后就要创建数据库了:

private Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = DriverManager
                .getConnection("jdbc:derby:userDB;create=true;user=test;password=test");
        connection.setAutoCommit(false);
        return connection;
    }

private Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
		Connection connection = DriverManager
				.getConnection("jdbc:derby:userDB;create=true;user=test;password=test");
		connection.setAutoCommit(false);
		return connection;
	}

其中userDB是要连接数据库的名字,create=true表示如果该数据库不存在,则创建该数据库,如果数据库存在,则用用户user=test;密码password=test连接数据库.

有了数据库,接下来该建表了:

private void createTable(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
    Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

    String sql = "create table USERS("
            + "   ID                           BIGINT                       not null generated by default as identity,"
            + "   USER_NAME            VARCHAR(20)            not null,"
            + "   PASSWORD             VARCHAR(20),"
            + "   constraint P_KEY_1 primary key (ID))";
    statement.execute(sql);

    sql = "create unique index USER_NAME_INDEX on USERS ("
            + "   USER_NAME            ASC)";
    statement.execute(sql);

    statement.close();
}

	private void createTable(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
		Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

		String sql = "create table USERS("
				+ "   ID                           BIGINT                       not null generated by default as identity,"
				+ "   USER_NAME            VARCHAR(20)            not null,"
				+ "   PASSWORD             VARCHAR(20),"
				+ "   constraint P_KEY_1 primary key (ID))";
		statement.execute(sql);

		sql = "create unique index USER_NAME_INDEX on USERS ("
				+ "   USER_NAME            ASC)";
		statement.execute(sql);

		statement.close();
	}

创建了 USERS表,包括ID,USER_NAME,PASSWORD三个列,其中ID是主键,其中generated by default as identity 的作用类似sequence,identity是定义自动加一的列,
GENERATED BY ALWAYS AS IDENTITY
GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY
By always和by default是说明生成这个IDENTITY的方式。
By always是完全由系统自动生成。
by default是可以由用户来指定一个值。
编写与USERS表对应的javabean(这个就不多说了),:

public class User implements Serializable {

    /**
     *
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Long id;

    private String userName;

    private String password;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

public class User implements Serializable {

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private Long id;

	private String userName;

	private String password;

	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}

接下来就可以就数据库进行增删改查的操作了:

插入数据:

private void create(User user) {
        Connection connection = null;

        try {
            connection = this.getConnection();
            PreparedStatement statement = connection
                    .prepareStatement("insert into users (user_name,password) values(?,?)");

            int index = 1;
            statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
            statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());

            statement.execute();

            user.setId(this.getId(connection));

            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            rollback(connection);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                close(connection);
            }
        }
    }

private void create(User user) {
		Connection connection = null;

		try {
			connection = this.getConnection();
			PreparedStatement statement = connection
					.prepareStatement("insert into users (user_name,password) values(?,?)");

			int index = 1;
			statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
			statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());

			statement.execute();

			user.setId(this.getId(connection));

			connection.commit();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			rollback(connection);
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				close(connection);
			}
		}
	}

 

private Long getId(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
    CallableStatement callableStatement = connection
            .prepareCall("values identity_val_local()");

    ResultSet resultSet = callableStatement.executeQuery();
    resultSet.next();
    Long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
    resultSet.close();
    callableStatement.close();
    return id;
}

	private Long getId(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
		CallableStatement callableStatement = connection
				.prepareCall("values identity_val_local()");

		ResultSet resultSet = callableStatement.executeQuery();
		resultSet.next();
		Long id = resultSet.getLong(1);
		resultSet.close();
		callableStatement.close();
		return id;
	}

getId方法是获得系统默认的id值,是通过identity_val_local()获得的,而函数IDENTITY_VAL_LOCAL()则可以在INSERT语句执行之后，为我们返回刚才系统为id所产生的值.感觉还是有点想sequence的curr_val.


修改数据:

private void update(User user) {
        Connection connection = null;

        try {
            connection = this.getConnection();
            PreparedStatement statement = connection
                    .prepareStatement("update users set user_name=?,password=? where id=?");

            int index = 1;
            statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
            statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());
            statement.setLong(index++, user.getId());

            statement.execute();

            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            rollback(connection);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                close(connection);
            }
        }
    }

private void update(User user) {
		Connection connection = null;

		try {
			connection = this.getConnection();
			PreparedStatement statement = connection
					.prepareStatement("update users set user_name=?,password=? where id=?");

			int index = 1;
			statement.setString(index++, user.getUserName());
			statement.setString(index++, user.getPassword());
			statement.setLong(index++, user.getId());

			statement.execute();

			connection.commit();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			rollback(connection);
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				close(connection);
			}
		}
	}

删除数据:

public void delete(Long id) {
        Connection connection = null;

        try {
            connection = this.getConnection();
            PreparedStatement statement = connection
                    .prepareStatement("delete from users where id=?");
            statement.setLong(1, id);
            statement.execute();
            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            rollback(connection);
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                close(connection);
            }
        }
    }

public void delete(Long id) {
		Connection connection = null;

		try {
			connection = this.getConnection();
			PreparedStatement statement = connection
					.prepareStatement("delete from users where id=?");
			statement.setLong(1, id);
			statement.execute();
			connection.commit();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			rollback(connection);
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				close(connection);
			}
		}
	}

查询数据:

public User findById(Long id) {
    Connection connection = null;

    try {
        connection = this.getConnection();

        PreparedStatement statement = connection
                .prepareStatement("select user_name,password from users where id=?");
        statement.setLong(1, id);
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();

        User user = null;

        if (resultSet.next()) {
            user = new User();
            user.setId(id);
            user.setUserName(resultSet.getString("user_name"));
            user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));
        }

        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.commit();
        return user;
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    } finally {
        if (connection != null) {
            close(connection);
        }
    }
}