Eclipse搭建SSH（Struts2+Spring3+Hibernate3）框架项目教程
前言
确实好久没有写过了，一直以来把写博文当作自己学习的总结，当作做过的笔记，随时都可以拿出来看看。不过最近习惯了用OneNote和印象笔记，所以就很少在论坛写博文。但是偶尔看到几篇被转载了，也小小的虚荣了下。这种虚荣大神们已经习以为常，他们是不能理解的。
好吧，转入正题。
参加工作从事Java Web开发将近两年，也没有完整的搭建出一个SSH框架的项目，说出来确实有点不好意思，并且前一段一个朋友问我搭建过SSH框架没，我都没有好意思说没有。所以才有了搭建一个SSH框架项目的想法，因此有了今天的这篇博文。
这篇博文的目的
- 尝试搭建一个完整的SSH框架项目。
- 给以后的自己，也给别人一个参考。
读博文前应该注意：
- 本文提纲：本文通过一个用户注册的实例讲解SSH的整合。创建Struts项目，整合Hibernate，整合Spring。最后总结如何熟练创建SSH项目。
- 仅是创建SSH项目，对于其他的扩展例如Struts的国际化，Hibernate的缓存优化，Spring的AOP等，本博文涉及不到。想学习更多的东西请搜索其他博文。
- 本项目的环境：Windows 8-64位，Eclipse Indigo Service Release 2，Tomcat 7.0，Struts-2.2.3.1，spring-framework-3.2.3.RELEASE（本来使用Spring3.1，但是整合Spring的时候启动服务器报错。错误信息竟然是Spring框架中的方法参数空指针。。。对比Spring3.2版本后，发现在3.2种增加了判断此参数是否为空，所以最终改为用Spring3.2.3的版本。详细错误信息见本目录下5），hibernate-release-4.0.0.CR6（整合Spring3时，可以启动服务器，但是点击注册后调用UserDao类的getHibernateTemplate().save(Obj)时浏览器页面报错，但是服务器没有反应。提示org.hibernate.SessionFactory中有没有openSession(Interceptor interceptor)
方法，但是Spring框架中的代码Session session = (entityInterceptor != null ? sessionFactory.openSession(entityInterceptor) : sessionFactory.openSession())显示用到该方法，虽然调用这段代码的方法传进来的entityInterceptor就为null。。。网上搜索无果，所以最终在整合Spring的时候使用Hibernate-3.6.10.Final。详细错误信息见本目录下6），MySQL 5.5.28下的project数据库。 - user表的创建脚本。
create table user( userId int auto_increment, userName varchar(16) not null, password varchar(16) not null, gender int not null, primary key(userId) );
- 使用Spring3.1时出现错误的详细信息。
SEVERE: Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1445) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:459) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:381) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.scanPackages(LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.java:138) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1504) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1442) ... 20 more 七月 13, 2013 6:48:44 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1445) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:459) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:381) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.scanPackages(LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.java:138) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1504) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1442) ... 20 more
- 整合Spring时候，使用Hibernate时点击注册报错信息。
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:452) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:291) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:254) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:270) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:498) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) root cause java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.hibernate.SessionFactory.openSession()Lorg/hibernate/classic/Session; org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.doGetSession(SessionFactoryUtils.java:323) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(SessionFactoryUtils.java:235) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.getSession(HibernateTemplate.java:457) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.doExecute(HibernateTemplate.java:392) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.executeWithNativeSession(HibernateTemplate.java:374) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.save(HibernateTemplate.java:683) com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao.saveObject(UserDao.java:12) com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl.regUser(UserManagerImpl.java:23) com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction.execute(RegisterAction.java:29) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:452) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:291) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:254) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:270) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:498) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91)
创建Struts项目
创建工程
- 在Eclipse中创建一个Dynamic Web Project，本文项目名称为SSHProject。
- 把Struts内apps文件夹下的struts2-blank war包用压缩工具解压，然后把WEB-INF/lib内的jar包和WEB-INF下的web.xml文件分别复制到SSHProject项目下的WEB-INF/lib内和WEB-INF下。
- 在src目录下创建相应package。
- 在WebContent下创建Register.jsp文件，并分别创建注册成功和注册失败的Success.jsp和Fail.jsp。
操作完成后的结构如图所示：
编写代码
- web.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>SSH Project</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>SSH</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SSH</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
- Register.jsp的内容。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>User Register Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="register">
<s:textfield name="user.username" label="用户名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="user.password" label="密码"></s:password>
<s:select list="#{'1':'男','0':'女'}" listKey="key" listValue="value"
name="user.gender" label="性别" value="1"></s:select>
<s:submit value="注册"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
- 用户表单类UserForm.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.beans;
public class UserForm {
private String username;
private String password;
private int gender;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
- 注册Action类RegisterAction.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
import com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public UserManager getUserManager() {
return userManager;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
this.setUserManager(new UserManagerImpl());
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
- 验证文件RegisterAction-validation.xml的内容。该xml文件为RegisterAction的验证文件，命名格式固定，为< ActionName >-validation.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 添加对用户名的校验 -->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>用户名输入不合法，必须为长度在6~16中间的数字或字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!-- 添加对密码的校验 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>密码输入不合法，必须为长度在6~16之间的数字或者字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
- 业务逻辑接口UserManaer.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.service;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
public interface UserManager {
public void regUser(UserForm user);
}
- 业务逻辑实现类UserManagerImpl.java的内容
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm user) {
}
}
- 配置文件struts.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Success.jsp和Fail.jsp仅仅只是一句提示注册成功和失败的话，这里就不在列出。
运行效果
- 输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
- 输入用户名和密码不合法时。
- 注册成功时。
在Struts基础上整合Hibernate
整合Hibernate
- 将Hibernate内的lib/required下的jar包和lib/jpa下的jar包复制到SSHProject项目的lib目录下。
- 在上面Struts项目的基础上添加com.ynwi.ssh.dao和com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl包。分别创建BaseDao接口和UserDao类。
- 在数据库中创建对应的表user来写入要注册的用户。创建表的脚本见前言说明部分。
- 创建user表的Hibernate映射文件。因为这里要创建user表对应的POJO类，所以我这里把之前com.ynwi.ssh.beans包改成com.ynwi.ssh.forms包，用来存放页面传过来的表单数据，新创建com.ynwi.ssh.beans包，用来创建POJO对象来对应数据库中的表。路径：POJO类同目录。
- 建立Hibernate配置文件。路径：src目录下。
- 编写Session工厂类。整合Spring后，数据源的创建和SessionFactory的创建都交给Spring去管理，就无需这个工厂类了，所以这里我临时创建在daoImpl包里面。
- 修改业务逻辑实现类。
操作完成后的结构如图所示：
编写代码
- 接口类BaseDao.java的内容。注意：接口里的两个get/set方法是为了让实现类覆盖。这样使用BaseDao dao = new UserDao()的时候，dao实体中有这两个方法。
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
public Session getSession();
public void setSession(Session session);
}
- 实现类UserDao.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao implements BaseDao {
private Session session;
@Override
public Session getSession() {
return session;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Session session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
session.save(obj);
}
}
- 表user的POJO类User.java的内容，因为跟UserForm.java内容差不多，所以不再列出。这个比UserForm.java多一个userId属性，因为在表user里面有userId的column。在POJO类里需要跟这个column有映射。
- POJO类User.java的Hibernate映射文件User.hbm.xml的内容。代码<generator class="native"></generator>说明将根据本地数据库的设置来创建userId，如MySQL中将表user的userId设置为自动增长，则在保存记录是，userId将自动增长。对于需要在程序中指定主键的值，则将generator的class属性设置为assigned。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="com.ynwi.ssh.beans">
<class name="User" table="user">
<id name="userId" column="userId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="username" column="userName" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16"></property>
<property name="password" column="password" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16" />
<property name="gender" column="gender" type="java.lang.Integer" length="1" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
- Hibernate配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml的内容。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/project</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
<!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> -->
<!-- SQL dialect -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
<!-- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> -->
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<!-- <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCacheProvider</property> -->
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
<!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->
<mapping resource="com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
- 工厂类SessionFactory的内容。（这是使用Hibernate4时候的SessionFactory，Hibernate3时候sessionFactory的创建估计会不一样，请自行查阅。）
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
public class HibernateSessionFactory {
private static final String CFG_FILE_LOCATION = "/Hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
private static final Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
.configure(CFG_FILE_LOCATION);
private static ServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(cfg.getProperties());
private static ServiceRegistry registry;
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = threadLocal.get();
if (session == null || session.isOpen() == false) {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
try {
registry = builder.buildServiceRegistry();
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(registry);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
threadLocal.set(session);
}
return session;
}
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = threadLocal.get();
threadLocal.set(null);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
}
- 修改后的业务逻辑实现类的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.HibernateSessionFactory;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
private Session session;
public UserManagerImpl() {
dao = new UserDao();
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
session = HibernateSessionFactory.currentSession();
dao.setSession(session);
// 获取事务
Transaction ts = session.beginTransaction();
// 构造User对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(userForm.getUsername());
user.setPassword(userForm.getPassword());
user.setGender(userForm.getGender());
// 保存User对象
dao.saveObject(user);
// 提交事务
ts.commit();
// 关闭Session
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
运行效果
- 输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
- 点击注册前后数据库里面的数据。
在Struts + Hibernate项目中整合Spring
整合Spring
- 将Spring内libs目录下包含所有的jar包（不需要复制结尾为sources和javadoc的jar包）到SSHProject项目的lib目录下。
- 编写Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml。路径：src目录下，需要在web.xml配置context-param指定路径，或者把该文件放在WEB-INF下，跟web.xml同目录。这里由于Spring配置数据源的需要，需要把Hibernate内lib/optional/c3p0下的c3p0-0.9.1.jar复制到lib不目下。
- 修改BaseDao和UserDao。在引入Spring后，需要用Spring进行统一的事务管理，数据源和sessionFactory都交给Spring去生成，因此接口类和实现类BaseDao和UserDao都需要做相应的修改。Spring提供了HibernateDaoSupport类来完成对数据的操作，因此UserDao在实现BaseDao的同时还需要继承HibernateDaoSupport类。并将先前session的操作修改成HibernateTemplate（可通过getHibernateTemplate（）方法来获得）的操作。
- 修改业务逻辑实现类。在没有加入Spring之前，业务逻辑实现类的Session的获得，dao的实例化，以及事务的管理都是该类执行管理的。加入Spring后，这些都交给Spring去管理。该类的dao的实例化由Spring注入。
- 修改用户注册的RegisterAction类。同样，RegisterAction类中的userManager的实例化也由Spring注入。
- 删除Hibernate的配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml和工厂类HibernateSesseionFactory类。他们的工作已经交给Spring去做，已经不再有用。
- 修改web.xml，加载Spring。要想启动时加载Spring的配置文件，需要在web.xml中配置对应的监听器（listenser），并制定Spring的配置文件。
- 修改Struts的配置文件struts.xml。把原来指定的名为register的action的class由原来的路径变为applicationContext.xml文件中该Action的id。
操作完成后的结构如图所示：
编写代码
- Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 定义数据源的信息 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/project</value>
</property>
<property name="user">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">
<value>80</value>
</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">
<value>20</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义Hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<!-- SessionFactory使用的数据源为上面的数据源 -->
<!-- 指定了Hibernate的映射文件和配置信息 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">20</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="baseDao" class="com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--用户注册业务逻辑类 -->
<bean id="userManager" class="com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl">
<property name="dao">
<ref bean="baseDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用户注册的Action -->
<bean id="regAction" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<property name="userManager">
<ref bean="userManager" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- more bean definitions go here -->
</beans>
- 修改后的接口类Dao和实现类UserDao的内容。
BaseDao.java
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
}
UserDao.java
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao {
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
getHibernateTemplate().save(obj);
}
}
- 修改后的业务逻辑实现类UserManagerImpl的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
public void setDao(BaseDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(userForm, user);
dao.saveObject(user);
}
}
- 修改后的用户注册Action类RegisterAction的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
- 修改后的web.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>SSH Project</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>SSH</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SSH</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
- 修改后的Struts配置文件struts.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="regAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
运行结果
- 输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
- 点击注册前后数据库里面的数据。
总结
唠叨
本来想创建Struts2 + Spring3 + Hibernate4的项目，结果行动之后才发现版本之间不兼容的现象挺严重（我自己是这么认为的，如果有大神看出来是我开发中出的问题导致麻烦告知下），不得不把Hibernate4换成Hibernate3。因为中间换框架，所以导致此博文中整合Hibernate部分是否会报错，不过最终的项目是可以执行的。我会把项目打包上传到csdn资源上。可以点击这里下载。
如何快速开发SSH框架项目
- 创建Dynamic Web Project并且导入jar包。
- 我习惯上把classes文件夹由build文件夹内转移到WEB-INF下。在项目上右键Build Path——〉Configure Build Path。设置Default output folder。
- 在WEB_INF下面创建web.xml并配置Struts的Filter和Spring的Listener。
- 在WEB-INF下面创建applicationContext.xml并配置数据源，sessionFactory，Transaction以及各Beans信息。
- 在src目录下创建struts.xml用来配置action信息，模板可以从Struts空项目里面拿。这里的action对应的class应该为applicationContext.xml内对应的class的bean的id。