Java nio小结
根据网上的资料做些整理
Java NIO API详解
http://www.blogjava.net/19851985lili/articles/93524.html
这篇文章对nio的api讲解比较全,可以帮助在宏观上把握nio。
BIO 方式使得整个处理过程和连接是绑定的,只要连接建立,无论客户端是否有消息发送,都要进行等待处理,一定程度上浪费了服务器端的硬件资源,因此就有了NIO 方式。Java 对于 NIO 方式的支持是通过 Channel和 Selector 方式来实现,采用的方法为向 Channel注册感兴趣的事件,然后通过 Selector 来获取到发生了事件的 key,如发生了相应的事件,则进行相应的处理,否则则不做任何处理,是典型的Reactor 模式,按照这样的方式,就不用像 BIO 方式一样,即使在没有消息的情况下也需要占据一个线程来阻塞读取消息,从而提升服务器的使用效率, 为实现 TCP/IP+NIO 方式的系统间通讯, Java 提供了 SocketChannel和 ServerSocketChannel两个关键的类,网络 IO 的操作则改为通过ByteBuffer 来实现,具体的基于 java实现TCP/IP+NIO 方式的通讯的方法如下所示。
服务器端:
package
com.flyoung;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NIOServer {
/* 标志数字 */
private static int flag = 0 ;
/* 定义缓冲区大小 */
private static int block = 4096 ;
/* 接收缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer receiveBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(block);
/* 发送缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(block);
/* 定义Selector */
private Selector selector;
public NIOServer( int port) throws IOException{
// 打开服务器套接字通道
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 服务器配置为非阻塞
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 检索与此服务器套接字通道关联的套接字
ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
// 进行服务的绑定
serverSocket.bind( new InetSocketAddress(port));
// 通过open()方法找到Selector
selector = Selector.open();
// 注册到selector
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println( " Server Start -----8888: " );
}
// 监听
public void listen() throws IOException{
while ( true ){
// 监控所有注册的 channel ,当其中有注册的 IO 操作可以进行时,该函数返回,并将对应的 SelectionKey 加入 selected-key set
selector.select();
// Selected-key set 代表了所有通过 select() 方法监测到可以进行 IO 操作的 channel ,这个集合可以通过 selectedKeys() 拿到
Set < SelectionKey > selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator < SelectionKey > iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
handleKey(selectionKey);
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
// 处理请求
public void handleKey(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException{
// 接受请求
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null ;
SocketChannel socketChannel = null ;
String receiveText;
String sendText;
int count;
// 测试此键的通道是否准备好接受新的套接字连接
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
// 返回创建此键的通道
serverSocketChannel = (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
// 接受客户端建立连接的请求,并返回 SocketChannel 对象
socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
// 配置为非阻塞
socketChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 注册到selector
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (selectionKey.isReadable()){
// 返回为之创建此键的通道
socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
// 将缓冲区清空,以备下次读取
receiveBuffer.clear();
// 将发送来的数据读取到缓冲区
count = socketChannel.read(receiveBuffer);
if (count > 0 ){
receiveText = new String(receiveBuffer.array(), 0 ,count);
System.out.println( " 服务器端接受到的数据--- " + receiveText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
} else if (selectionKey.isWritable()) {
// 将缓冲区清空以备下次写入
sendBuffer.clear();
// 返回为之创建此键的通道。
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
sendText = " message from server-- " + flag ++ ;
// 向缓冲区中输入数据
sendBuffer.put(sendText.getBytes());
// 将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
sendBuffer.flip();
// 输出到通道
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
System.out.println( " 服务器端向客户端发送数据--: " + sendText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int port = 8888 ;
NIOServer server = new NIOServer(port);
server.listen();
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NIOServer {
/* 标志数字 */
private static int flag = 0 ;
/* 定义缓冲区大小 */
private static int block = 4096 ;
/* 接收缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer receiveBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(block);
/* 发送缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(block);
/* 定义Selector */
private Selector selector;
public NIOServer( int port) throws IOException{
// 打开服务器套接字通道
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
// 服务器配置为非阻塞
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 检索与此服务器套接字通道关联的套接字
ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
// 进行服务的绑定
serverSocket.bind( new InetSocketAddress(port));
// 通过open()方法找到Selector
selector = Selector.open();
// 注册到selector
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println( " Server Start -----8888: " );
}
// 监听
public void listen() throws IOException{
while ( true ){
// 监控所有注册的 channel ,当其中有注册的 IO 操作可以进行时,该函数返回,并将对应的 SelectionKey 加入 selected-key set
selector.select();
// Selected-key set 代表了所有通过 select() 方法监测到可以进行 IO 操作的 channel ,这个集合可以通过 selectedKeys() 拿到
Set < SelectionKey > selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator < SelectionKey > iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
handleKey(selectionKey);
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
// 处理请求
public void handleKey(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws IOException{
// 接受请求
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null ;
SocketChannel socketChannel = null ;
String receiveText;
String sendText;
int count;
// 测试此键的通道是否准备好接受新的套接字连接
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
// 返回创建此键的通道
serverSocketChannel = (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
// 接受客户端建立连接的请求,并返回 SocketChannel 对象
socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
// 配置为非阻塞
socketChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 注册到selector
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (selectionKey.isReadable()){
// 返回为之创建此键的通道
socketChannel = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
// 将缓冲区清空,以备下次读取
receiveBuffer.clear();
// 将发送来的数据读取到缓冲区
count = socketChannel.read(receiveBuffer);
if (count > 0 ){
receiveText = new String(receiveBuffer.array(), 0 ,count);
System.out.println( " 服务器端接受到的数据--- " + receiveText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
} else if (selectionKey.isWritable()) {
// 将缓冲区清空以备下次写入
sendBuffer.clear();
// 返回为之创建此键的通道。
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
sendText = " message from server-- " + flag ++ ;
// 向缓冲区中输入数据
sendBuffer.put(sendText.getBytes());
// 将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
sendBuffer.flip();
// 输出到通道
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
System.out.println( " 服务器端向客户端发送数据--: " + sendText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int port = 8888 ;
NIOServer server = new NIOServer(port);
server.listen();
}
}
客户端
package
com.flyoung;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Set;
public class NIOClient {
/* 标识数字 */
private static int flag = 0 ;
/* 缓冲区大小 */
private static int BLOCK = 4096 ;
/* 接受数据缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BLOCK);
/* 发送数据缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer receiveBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BLOCK);
/* 服务器端地址 */
private final static InetSocketAddress SERVER_ADDRESS = new InetSocketAddress(
" localhost " , 8888 );
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 打开socket通道
SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open();
// 设置为非阻塞方式
clientChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 打开选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
// 注册连接服务端socket动作
clientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
// 连接
clientChannel.connect(SERVER_ADDRESS);
SocketChannel socketChannel;
Set < SelectionKey > selectionKeys;
String receiveText;
String sendText;
int count = 0 ;
while ( true ) {
// 选择一组键,其相应的通道已为 I/O 操作准备就绪。
// 监控所有注册的 channel ,当其中有注册的 IO 操作可以进行时,该函数返回,并将对应的 SelectionKey 加入 selected-key set
selector.select();
// 返回此选择器的已选择键集。
selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
// System.out.println(selectionKeys.size());
for (SelectionKey selectionKey:selectionKeys){
// 判断是否为建立连接的事件
if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
System.out.println( " client connect " );
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel(); //
// 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。
// 完成套接字通道的连接过程。
if (socketChannel.isConnectionPending()) {
// 完成连接的建立(TCP三次握手)
socketChannel.finishConnect();
System.out.println( " 完成连接! " );
sendBuffer.clear();
sendBuffer.put( " Hello,Server " .getBytes());
sendBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
}
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
// 将缓冲区清空以备下次读取
receiveBuffer.clear();
// 读取服务器发送来的数据到缓冲区中
count = socketChannel.read(receiveBuffer);
if (count > 0 ){
receiveText = new String( receiveBuffer.array(), 0 ,count);
System.out.println( " 客户端接受服务器端数据--: " + receiveText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
} else if (selectionKey.isWritable()) {
sendBuffer.clear();
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
sendText = " message from client-- " + (flag ++ );
sendBuffer.put(sendText.getBytes());
// 将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
sendBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
System.out.println( " 客户端向服务器端发送数据--: " + sendText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
}
selectionKeys.clear();
}
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Set;
public class NIOClient {
/* 标识数字 */
private static int flag = 0 ;
/* 缓冲区大小 */
private static int BLOCK = 4096 ;
/* 接受数据缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BLOCK);
/* 发送数据缓冲区 */
private static ByteBuffer receiveBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BLOCK);
/* 服务器端地址 */
private final static InetSocketAddress SERVER_ADDRESS = new InetSocketAddress(
" localhost " , 8888 );
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 打开socket通道
SocketChannel clientChannel = SocketChannel.open();
// 设置为非阻塞方式
clientChannel.configureBlocking( false );
// 打开选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
// 注册连接服务端socket动作
clientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
// 连接
clientChannel.connect(SERVER_ADDRESS);
SocketChannel socketChannel;
Set < SelectionKey > selectionKeys;
String receiveText;
String sendText;
int count = 0 ;
while ( true ) {
// 选择一组键,其相应的通道已为 I/O 操作准备就绪。
// 监控所有注册的 channel ,当其中有注册的 IO 操作可以进行时,该函数返回,并将对应的 SelectionKey 加入 selected-key set
selector.select();
// 返回此选择器的已选择键集。
selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
// System.out.println(selectionKeys.size());
for (SelectionKey selectionKey:selectionKeys){
// 判断是否为建立连接的事件
if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
System.out.println( " client connect " );
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel(); //
// 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。
// 完成套接字通道的连接过程。
if (socketChannel.isConnectionPending()) {
// 完成连接的建立(TCP三次握手)
socketChannel.finishConnect();
System.out.println( " 完成连接! " );
sendBuffer.clear();
sendBuffer.put( " Hello,Server " .getBytes());
sendBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
}
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
// 将缓冲区清空以备下次读取
receiveBuffer.clear();
// 读取服务器发送来的数据到缓冲区中
count = socketChannel.read(receiveBuffer);
if (count > 0 ){
receiveText = new String( receiveBuffer.array(), 0 ,count);
System.out.println( " 客户端接受服务器端数据--: " + receiveText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
} else if (selectionKey.isWritable()) {
sendBuffer.clear();
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
sendText = " message from client-- " + (flag ++ );
sendBuffer.put(sendText.getBytes());
// 将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
sendBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(sendBuffer);
System.out.println( " 客户端向服务器端发送数据--: " + sendText);
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
}
}
selectionKeys.clear();
}
}
}