线程安全的单例模式

原文地址:http://www.oschina.net/code/snippet_111708_25417

线程安全的单例模式实现有几种思路,个人认为第2种方案最优雅:
1、饿汉式
2、借助内部类
3、普通加锁解决
4、双重检测,但要注意写法
如果单体模式继续扩展为N元单体模式,那就是对象池模式了

饿汉式单例  

public class Singleton {
    private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
 
    private Singleton() { }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
       return INSTANCE;
    }
}

借助内部类

public class Singleton {
    
    private Singleton() { }
 
    private static class SingletonHolder {
       private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
    }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
       return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;
    }
}
 
属于懒汉式单例,因为Java机制规定,内部类SingletonHolder只有在getInstance()方法第一次调用的时候才会被加载(实现了lazy),而且其加载过程是线程安全的。内部类加载的时候实例化一次instance。

普通加锁解决

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = null ;
 
    private Singleton() { }
    
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
       if (instance == null ) {
          instance = new Singleton();
       }
 
       return instance;
    }
}
 
虽然解决了线程安全问题,但是每个线程调用getInstance都要加锁,我们想要只在第一次调用getInstance时加锁,请看下面的双重检测方案

双重检测方案 

public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = null ;
 
    private Singleton() { }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
       if (instance == null ) {
          synchronzied(Singleton. class ) {
             Singleton temp = instance;
             if (temp == null ) {
                temp = new Singleton();
                instance = temp
             }
          }
       }
 
       return instance;
    }
}
 
由于指令重排序问题,所以不可以直接写成下面这样:
public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = null ;
 
    private Singleton() { }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
       if (instance == null ) {
          synchronzied(Singleton. class ) {
             if (instance == null ) {
                instance = new Singleton();
             }
          }
       }
 
       return instance;
    }
}
 
但是如果instance实例变量用 volatile 修饰就可以了, volatile 修饰的话就可以确保instance = new Singleton();对应的指令不会重排序,如下的单例代码也是线程安全的:
public class Singleton {
    private static volatile Singleton instance = null ;
 
    private Singleton() { }
 
    public static Singleton getInstance() {
       if (instance == null ) {
          synchronzied(Singleton. class ) {
             if (instance == null ) {
                instance = new Singleton();
             }
          }
       }
 
       return instance;
    }
}

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