clone

实际编程过程中，有一个对象A，在某一时刻A中已经包含了一些有效值，此时可能会需要一个和A完全相同新对象B，并且此后对B 任何改动都不会影响到A中的值，也就是说，A与B是两个独立的对象，但B的初始值是由A对象确定的。在Java语言中，用简单的赋值语句是不能满足这种需求的。要满足这种需求虽然有很多途径，但实现clone（）方法是其中最简单，也是最高效的手段。

Java的所有类都默认继承java.lang.Object类，在java.lang.Object类中有一个方法clone()。JDK API的说明文档解释这个方法将返回Object对象的一个拷贝。要说明的有两点：一是拷贝对象返回的是一个新对象，而不是一个引用。二是拷贝对象与用new操作符返回的新对象的区别就是这个拷贝已经包含了一些原来对象的信息，而不是对象的初始信息。

影子clone:

package clone;
class UnCloneA {
    private int i;
    public UnCloneA(int ii) { i = ii; }
    public void doubleValue() { i *= 2; }
    public String toString() {
        return Integer.toString(i);
    }
}
class CloneB implements Cloneable{
    public int aInt;
    public UnCloneA unCA = new UnCloneA(111);
    //重写clone()发法
    public Object clone(){
        CloneB o = null;
        try{
            o = (CloneB)super.clone();
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return o;
    }
}
public class CloneMain {
    public static void main(String[] a){
        CloneB b1 = new CloneB();
        b1.aInt = 11;
        System.out.println("before clone,b1.aInt = "+ b1.aInt);
        System.out.println("before clone,b1.unCA = "+ b1.unCA);
                
        CloneB b2 = (CloneB)b1.clone();
        b2.aInt = 22;
        b2.unCA.doubleValue();
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println("after clone,b1.aInt = "+ b1.aInt);
        System.out.println("after clone,b1.unCA = "+ b1.unCA);
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println("after clone,b2.aInt = "+ b2.aInt);
        System.out.println("after clone,b2.unCA = "+ b2.unCA);
    }
}
/** RUN RESULT:
before clone,b1.aInt = 11
before clone,b1.unCA = 111
=================================
after clone,b1.aInt = 11
after clone,b1.unCA = 222
=================================
after clone,b2.aInt = 22
after clone,b2.unCA = 222
*/

深度clone:

package clone.ext;
class UnCloneA implements Cloneable{
    private int i;
    public UnCloneA(int ii) { i = ii; }
    public void doubleValue() { i *= 2; }
    public String toString() {
        return Integer.toString(i);
    }
    public Object clone(){
        UnCloneA o = null;
        try{
            o = (UnCloneA)super.clone();
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return o;
    }
}
class CloneB implements Cloneable{
    public int aInt;
    public UnCloneA unCA = new UnCloneA(111);
    public Object clone(){
        CloneB o = null;
        try{
            o = (CloneB)super.clone();
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        o.unCA = (UnCloneA)unCA.clone();
        return o;
    }
}
public class CloneMain {
    public static void main(String[] a){
        CloneB b1 = new CloneB();
        b1.aInt = 11;
        System.out.println("before clone,b1.aInt = "+ b1.aInt);
        System.out.println("before clone,b1.unCA = "+ b1.unCA);
                
        CloneB b2 = (CloneB)b1.clone();
        b2.aInt = 22;
        b2.unCA.doubleValue();
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println("after clone,b1.aInt = "+ b1.aInt);
        System.out.println("after clone,b1.unCA = "+ b1.unCA);
        System.out.println("=================================");
        System.out.println("after clone,b2.aInt = "+ b2.aInt);
        System.out.println("after clone,b2.unCA = "+ b2.unCA);
    }
}
/** RUN RESULT:
before clone,b1.aInt = 11
before clone,b1.unCA = 111
=================================
after clone,b1.aInt = 11
after clone,b1.unCA = 111
=================================
after clone,b2.aInt = 22
after clone,b2.unCA = 222
*/