ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
使用ContentResolver 对Content Provider进行事务操作。
直接看例子:
// Get the Content Resolver. ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Specify the result column projection. Return the minimum set // of columns required to satisfy your requirements. String[] result_columns = new String[] { MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_ID, MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_ACCESSIBLE_COLUMN, MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN }; // Specify the where clause that will limit your results. String where = MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_ACCESSIBLE_COLUMN + “=” + 1; // Replace these with valid SQL statements as necessary. String whereArgs[] = null; String order = null; // Return the specified rows. Cursor resultCursor = cr.query(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, result_columns, where, whereArgs, order);
很多Content Provider也包含一个快捷URI模式,允许你去操作一个指定行的数据,通过对URI附加ID。 你可以使用ContentUris的静态方法withAppendedId.
// Get the Content Resolver. ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Specify the result column projection. Return the minimum set // of columns required to satisfy your requirements. String[] result_columns = new String[] { MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_ID, MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_NAME_COLUMN, MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN }; // Append a row ID to the URI to address a specific row. Uri rowAddress = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, rowId); // These are null as we are requesting a single row. String where = null; String whereArgs[] = null; String order = null; // Return the specified rows. Cursor resultCursor = cr.query(rowAddress, result_columns, where, whereArgs, order);
根据返回的结果集存在Cursor中,对Cursor操作:
float largestHoard = 0f; String hoardName = “No Hoards”; // Find the index to the column(s) being used. int GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN_INDEX = resultCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow( MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN); int HOARD_NAME_COLUMN_INDEX = resultCursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow( MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_NAME_COLUMN); // Iterate over the cursors rows. // The Cursor is initialized at before first, so we can // check only if there is a “next” row available. If the // result Cursor is empty, this will return false. while (resultCursor.moveToNext()) { float hoard = resultCursor.getFloat(GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN_INDEX); if (hoard > largestHoard) { largestHoard = hoard; hoardName = resultCursor.getString(HOARD_NAME_COLUMN_INDEX); } } // Close the Cursor when you’ve finished with it. resultCursor.close();
操作完记得关Cursor.避免内存泄露。
为了保证APP的流畅度,这些对数据库的操作最好是异步的。
数据库的操作是耗时的,所以避免在主线程操作数据库是必要的。
自己去管理Cursor,在UI进程异步准确操作是困难的。 为了简化这些步骤,Android 3.0(API level 11) 引入Loader类。Loader也同样在Android Support Library可用。
LoaderManager来管理Loader,在每个Activity和Fragment内可访问。这些都是被设计用来异步加载数据和监视底层数据源的变化。
Cursor Loader观察数据源的变化,所以你不再需要去实现你自己的内容观察者。LoaderManager管理Cursor的生命周期,确保当Activity被结束后,它也关闭。
为了使用CursorLoader,你需要去创建并实现一个新的LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks.
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> loaderCallback
= new LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor>() {
这种匿名实现的方式是在你觉得你只是需要一个简单的Loader实现。
1.onCreateLoader 当loader 被初始化的时候触发这个函数,在这个函数中,你需要创建和返回一个新的Cursor Loader对象。Cursor Loader构建参数需要使用ContentResolver执行一个查询。
2.onLoadFinished 当LoaderManager已经完成异步查询,这个函数会被调用,结果集Cursor会作为参数传递进来。你就可以使用这个Cursor去更新你的adapter和其他UI元素。
3.onLoadReset 当LoaderManager重置你的CursorLoader,这个函数会被调用。在这个函数中,你应该释放所有对查询所得数据的引用和重置UI。Cursor会被LoaderManager关闭,所以你不应该尝试去关闭它。
注意:onLoadFinished和onLoadReset不是异步的。
下面展示onCreatLoader的框架代码:
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { // Construct the new query in the form of a Cursor Loader. Use the id // parameter to construct and return different loaders. String[] projection = null; String where = null; String[] whereArgs = null; String sortOrder = null; // Query URI Uri queryUri = MyContentProvider.CONTENT_URI; // Create the new Cursor loader. return new CursorLoader(DatabaseSkeletonActivity.this, queryUri, projection, where, whereArgs, sortOrder); } public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor cursor) { // Replace the result Cursor displayed by the Cursor Adapter with // the new result set. adapter.swapCursor(cursor); // This handler is not synchronized with the UI thread, so you // will need to synchronize it before modifying any UI elements // directly. } public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) { // Remove the existing result Cursor from the List Adapter. adapter.swapCursor(null); // This handler is not synchronized with the UI thread, so you // will need to synchronize it before modifying any UI elements // directly. }
LoaderManager loaderManager = getLoaderManager();
想要初始化你一个新的CursorLoader,只需调用Loader Manager的initLoader方法,传递一个Loader回调实现的引用,还有一个可选择的参数Bundle和一个loader标示符。
Bundle args = null;
loaderManager.initLoader(LOADER_ID, args, myLoaderCallbacks);
这些步骤通常在主Activity的onCreate方法内完成。(又或者是Fragment的onActivityCreated函数)。
如果标示符所指定的loader不存在,那么会被创建在相关的Loader回调函数onCreateLoader中,就像前面所提到的。
在更多的情况,这是最需要做的。LoaderManager管着Loaders的生命周期和底层查询,Cursors。类似的,它还会管理结果集的改变。
Loader已经被创建后,若你重复调用initLoader会简单得返回已经存在的loader。如果你想放弃先前创建的Loader,想重新创建它,你可以使用restartLoader方法。
loaderManager.restartLoader(LOADER_ID, args, myLoaderCallbacks);
这个典型发生在,当你的查询参数发生变化的时候。
在Content Provider上执行事务,Content Resolver使用insert,delete和update方法. 就像查询,除非将这些操作移到另外个工作线程,不然就会执行在主线程。
1.insert
Content Resolver提供2个插入记录的方法:
1.insert 单记录插入
涉及一个Content Values对象
2.bulkInsert 批量插入
涉及一个Content Values数组
例子:
// Create a new row of values to insert. ContentValues newValues = new ContentValues(); // Assign values for each row. newValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_NAME_COLUMN, hoardName); newValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN, hoardValue); newValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_ACCESSIBLE_COLUMN, hoardAccessible); // [ ... Repeat for each column / value pair ... ] // Get the Content Resolver ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Insert the row into your table Uri myRowUri = cr.insert(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, newValues);
2. delete
直接例子:
// Specify a where clause that determines which row(s) to delete. // Specify where arguments as necessary. String where = MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN + “=” + 0; String whereArgs[] = null; // Get the Content Resolver. ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Delete the matching rows int deletedRowCount = cr.delete(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, where, whereArgs);
// Create the updated row content, assigning values for each row. ContentValues updatedValues = new ContentValues(); updatedValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN, newHoardValue); // [ ... Repeat for each column to update ... ] // Create a URI addressing a specific row. Uri rowURI = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, hoardId); // Specify a specific row so no selection clause is required. String where = null; String whereArgs[] = null; // Get the Content Resolver. ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Update the specified row. int updatedRowCount = cr.update(rowURI, updatedValues, where, whereArgs);
访问或者插入一个新的文件,简单的分别实用ContentResolver的openOutputStream或者openInputStream。将Content Provider 中你所需要的某条包含文件的记录 URI传递进去。
public void addNewHoardWithImage(String hoardName, float hoardValue, boolean hoardAccessible, Bitmap bitmap) { // Create a new row of values to insert. ContentValues newValues = new ContentValues(); // Assign values for each row. newValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_NAME_COLUMN, hoardName); newValues.put(MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARDED_COLUMN, hoardValue); newValues.put( MyHoardContentProvider.KEY_GOLD_HOARD_ACCESSIBLE_COLUMN, hoardAccessible); // Get the Content Resolver ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver(); // Insert the row into your table Uri myRowUri = cr.insert(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, newValues); try { // Open an output stream using the new row’s URI. OutputStream outStream = cr.openOutputStream(myRowUri); // Compress your bitmap and save it into your provider. bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, outStream); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { Log.d(TAG, “No file found for this record.”); } } public Bitmap getHoardImage(long rowId) { Uri myRowUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyHoardContentProvider.CONTENT_URI, rowId); try { // Open an input stream using the new row’s URI. InputStream inStream = getContentResolver().openInputStream(myRowUri); // Make a copy of the Bitmap. Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inStream); return bitmap; } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { Log.d(TAG, “No file found for this record.”); } return null; }