Module 1 Writing a cover letter
1. Expressing sequence
顺序词
使用顺序词 afterward 或 subsequently 表达继一系列事件或时间点之后。
I got my engineering degree from Delft. Afterward, I began working for Smoot.
我从 Delft 获得工程师学位，之后开始为 Smoot 效力。I graduated from high school in 2004. Subsequently, I moved to England to study at Oxford.
2004 年我高中毕业，后前往英国求学牛津。
使用 following 搭配宾语来表达继一系列事件或时间点之后。
- Following my promotion, I designed the Northside Professional Center.
升职之后，我设计了 Northside Professional Center 中心。 - Following that, I was recognized as Architect of the Year.
在此之后，我被评为年度建筑师。
使用 previously 表示在一事件之前。
- I started here in May. Previously, I was working for a competitor.
我五月在此就职，此前在一家竞争公司上班。
使用 prior to + 宾语表达在一事件或时间之前发生的事情。
- Prior to my time managing HR, I wrote training courses.
在做人力管理之前，我撰写培训课程。
使用currently这个词来告诉某人你现在在哪里工作。
- I'm currently working at Dewey and Jasper Inc.
我现在在 Dewey 和 Jasper 公司上班。
2. Career vocabulary
职业词汇
在谈论自己的职业时，你经常需要提到自己占据的职位。Head 是一个通用头衔，意为 director 或 manager。Head 可作名词、动词或形容词。作名词时，后接单词 of。
名词
- He's the head of quality assurance. 他是质量保障部主管。
动词
- She heads the sales department. 她领导销售部。
形容词
- He's the head teacher. 他是带头教师。
组织或团体中处于下级的是帮助 managers 和 directors 的人，比如 assistants 和 associates。associate 的等级通常高过 assistant。
- associate managing editor 副总编辑
- assistant sales director 助理销售主管
以下单词在谈论职业时使用。注意它们的不同形式。
| Verb | Noun | Adjective |
|---|---|---|
| accomplish 完成；实现 | accomplishment 完成；成绩 | accomplished 完成的；精通的 |
| achieve 达到；实现 | achievement 达到；成就 | |
| expertise 专门知识 | expert 熟练的，老练的 | |
| promote 使提升 | promotion 提升，晋升 | |
| recognize 赏识，表彰 | recognition 赏识，表彰 | recognizable 可识别的；可认可的 |
| deserve 应得，值得 | deserved 应得的 |
3. Education and experience
描述你的教育
你可以使用下列表达方式来写你的大学教育。注意每个表达方式搭配使用的介词。
- I graduated from Edinburgh University in 2010. 2010年我在爱丁堡大学毕业。
- I have a master's degree in business from Beijing University. 我持有北京大学的商科硕士学位。
- I'm currently working on an MBA. 我现在在学工商管理学硕士课程。
- I majored in chemistry. 我的专业是化学。
描述你的经历
使用这些表达方式来写你的工作经历：
- I have a solid background in product development. 我在产品研发方面有扎实的背景。
- I have extensive experience in managing big projects. 我在管理大项目方面有大量的经验。
- I was promoted to director of sales in 2010. 2010年我被提升为销售总监。
- I was promoted to director last year. 我去年被提升为主管。
- They both graduated from Harvard. 他们都是哈佛毕业的。
- She has a master's degree in design. 她有一个设计硕士学位。
- He's currently working on an MBA. 他现在在学工商管理硕士课程。
- He has extensive experience in management. 他的管理经验很丰富。
- She majored in project management. 她的专业是项目管理。
- She has a solid background in math. 她的数学很扎实。
4. Cover letters
为工作面试写一封求职信
申请工作的时候，发送resume（简历）的同时附上一封简短的cover letter（求职信）。
第1段
称呼语后，告诉对方你要申请什么职位，以及对你的教育和经历做一个积极的陈述。
- I am applying for the director of sales position posted on your company website. I believe my education and extensive experience make me a strong candidate.
第2段
接下来，总结描述你的教育和经历。
- I have a BS in marketing from the University of Bologna and seven years of experience in sales.
- I worked for three years at Martinique Systems. Afterward, I worked at Hall and Smith for two years. I am currently working at Beijing Accounting Inc.
第3段
最后，参照你的简历，感谢对方considering（考虑）你的申请并结束写信。
- Details about my education and experience are in the attached resume. Thank you for considering me for this position. I look forward to hearing from you.
Module 2 Starting a job interview
1. Job titles
头衔和职位
尽管各个公司有不同的工作头衔，当权的人通常是从manager开始。 然后头衔从总监升为CEO 或者 president。注意senior这个词增强职位的重要性。
- John is a senior project manager. John 是高级项目经理。
- She's the production manager. 她是产品经理。
- He's the director of design. 他是设计总监。
- Martina is the vice president of engineering. Martina 是工程部副总裁。
很多头衔都有c在里面。c代表chief。CEO是公司里的最高级别。其他的c-头衔向CEO汇报，但是总的来说高于vice presidents。这些是最常见的头衔。
- chief executive officer (CEO) 首席执行官(CEO)
- chief operations officer (COO) 首席运营官(COO)
- chief financial officer (CFO) 首席财务官(CFO)
- chief technology officer (CTO) 首席技术官(CTO)
- She's the COO. 她是首席运营官。
- She's a project manager. 她是项目经理。
- She's the vice president of operations. 她是运营部副总裁。
- She's the CEO. 她是首席执行官。
- He's the CTO. 他是首席技术官。
- He's the director of HR. 他是人事主管。
- He's the CFO. 他是首席财务官。
2. Beginning the interview
- It's a real pleasure to meet you. 真的很高兴见到你。
- Please call me Frank. 请叫我弗兰克。
- Thank you for giving me the opportunity. 感谢您给我这个机会。
- How was your flight? 你的飞机行程怎么样？
- How's the hotel? 宾馆怎么样？
- Shall we begin? 我们开始好吗？
找到面试官
第一步是找到即将面试你的人。在一个大公司里，你可能要问administrative assistant（行政助理）或者receptionist（前台）。记得要说明你是谁和为什么去那里。
- A: Good afternoon. I'm Rob Taylor. I have an appointment with the HR director, Ms. Rifkin. 下午好。我叫 Rob Taylor。我和人事主管 Rifkin 女士约好见面。
- B: Oh, yes. She's expecting you. 哦，好的。她在等你
问候面试官
正式地问候interviewer（面试官），并感谢这个人抽时间来面试。聆听面试官更喜欢哪种称呼的提示语。
- A: Good afternoon, Ms. Rifkin. 下午好，Rifkin女士。
- B: Oh, please – call me Mary. 哦，请—叫我玛丽。
- A: Thank you for the opportunity to interview for design manager. 感谢您给我这个机会来面试设计经理。
- B: It's my pleasure. You're a strong candidate. 这是我的荣幸。你是一个很强的候选人。
闲谈
做好有一段短时间闲谈的准备。如果你来自另外一个城市，可能会问你来的路途或者你对这个城市的印象。
- A: So how do you like Chicago?那么你对芝加哥的印象如何？
- B: I love it! Everyone's so friendly!我很喜欢它！每个人都很友好！
面试官会示意该开始面试了。
- A: Well, we only have an hour. Shall we begin?好的，我们只有一个小时。我们开始好吗？
- B: Sounds good.好的。
- I'm applying for the senior designer position. 我申请高级设计师的职位。
- I have an appointment with Ms. Smith. 我和史密斯女士约好见面。
- I'm here to see Ms. Smith. 我来找史密斯女士。
- It's a pleasure to meet you, Ms. Smith. 很荣幸见到你，史密斯女士。
- I appreciate the opportunity to interview today. 我很感谢今天能有面试的机会。
- A: May I help you?
- B: Yes, I have a 2 o'clock appointment with Ms. Smith.
- A: Oh, yes. She's expecting you.
- B: Good afternoon, Ms. Smith.
- A: It's woundful to meet you. Please, call me Belly.
- B: Thank you for taking the time to interview me.
- A: It's my pleasure. So, you're currently working in ...
- B: I'm working in London right now.
- A: So, how do you like Miammi?
- B: Well, I love the weather here.
- A: Well, we only have an hour, shall we begin?
- B: Yes, that sounds great.
Module 3 Interviewing for a job
1. Adjectives:strengths and weaknesses
优点和缺点的形容词
形容词是表达 strengths 和 weaknesses 的重要部分。使用肯定意义的类似形容词描述你认为 smart 的人。注意这些词都是同义词。
- clever 聪明的
- bright 伶俐的
- sharp 敏锐的
以下形容词通常也具有肯定的意义。它们用于描述渴望成功的人。
- ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的
- determined 坚决的
请看以下描述性格的形容词。注意 sensitive 既有肯定意义，也有否定意义。
| Positive | Negative | Positive or negative |
|---|---|---|
| understanding 体谅的，通情达理的 | touchy 易怒的 | sensitive 敏感的 |
| thin-skinned 敏感的，脸皮薄的 |
- He's such a sensitive guy. He knew I was upset, so he took me out for lunch. 他非常体谅人，知道我不开心，于是带我出去吃午饭。
- Don't be so sensitive! You made a mistake, and now you have to accept the criticism. 不要那么敏感！你犯了错，现在就得接受批评。
以下是更多描述性格的形容词。同样，有些形容词既有肯定意义，也有否定意义。同时注意 thin-skinned 的反义词是 thick-skinned。
| Positive | Negative | Positive or negative |
|---|---|---|
| resilient 达观的 | insensitive 不顾他人感受的；反应迟钝的 | tough 坚强的；粗暴的 |
| - | - | thick-skinned 不敏感的；不知羞耻的 |
- Don't worry about her. She's tough, really thick-skinned. Nothing gets to her. 不用担心她。她很坚强，不敏感，对一切都无动于衷。
- Sometimes I think he's too tough. He's so thick-skinned, he doesn't care if he upsets people.
有时我觉得他太粗暴了。他非常不知羞耻，根本不在乎有没有让人不高兴。
以下同义词总是表达否定的意义，用于描述过于自信的人。由于这些词被认为是侮辱性语言，务必谨慎使用。
- big-headed 自负的
- arrogant 傲慢的
- cocky 自以为是的
2. Talking about your strengths and weaknesses
谈论你的优点
面试官常常让候选人来描述他们的优点和缺点。在你陈述一个优点后，给出额外的信息作为支持。
- I'm very proactive. I try to fix problems before they become serious.我很主动。我尝试在问题变得严重之前来解决他们。
- I'm enthusiastic about my work. I love being in sales.我对我的工作充满热情。我喜欢销售这行。
- My greatest strength is curiosity. I love to learn new things.我最大的优点是好奇心。我热爱学习新的事物。
- Persistence is my greatest strength. I don't give up until I succeed.坚持是我最大的优点。不成功我绝不放弃。
- I'm a really good communicator. I'm especially good at listening.我非常擅长沟通。我特别善于倾听。
谈论你的缺点
很多面试官也会问你的最大的缺点是什么。你可以描述你做得费力但是正努力地改进的方面。
- I've had problems with public speaking, but my manager is coaching me, so I've improved quite a bit.
我的演讲能力不太好，但是我的经理正在辅导我，因此我已经提高了很多。 - My technical knowledge was a bit weak, so I started taking computer classes at night.
我的技术知识有点弱，因此我已经开始在晚上去上电脑课了。 - My team told me that I needed to be a better listener. They're helping me work on that, and I've improved a lot.
我的团队告诉我说我需要做一个更好的倾听者。他们在帮助我改善这一点，并且我已经提高了很多。
- I'm proactive.
- I've had problems with public speaking.
- My greatest strength is curiosity.
- Her technical knowledge is a bit weak.
- He's an amazing communicator.
- My boss needs to be a better listener.
- Mary is enthusiastic.
3. Interview questions
- Tell me a little bit about yourself. 简单说一下你自己。
- Why do you want to leave? 你为什么想离开？
- What are some of your strengths? 你的一些强项是什么？
- What is your greatest weakness? 你最大的缺点是什么？
- Tell me about a challenge you had. 说一说你曾遇到的一个挑战。
一些常见的面试问题
很多面试官开始的时候会问一个关于你的笼统的问题。利用这个机会来推销你自己。
- Could you tell me something about yourself?你能和我们说说你自己吗？
- Well, I've been in the clothing design industry for seven years. I'm my company's lead designer.
好的，我在服装设计行业有七年了。我是我们公司的首席设计师。
面试官通常想知道你为什么想离开你现在的工作。尽量不要消极。着重强调你正在面试的这个职位的好处。
- Why do you want to leave BTL? 你为什么要离开 BTL 呢？
- I've increased sales there by 15% in the last two years. I love it there, but I'm ready now for another challenge.
过去两年中在那我已经将销售提高了15%。我很喜欢那里，但是我现在准备要迎接另一个挑战。
一些面试官想要一些具体的你曾面临过的挑战的例子。
Tell me about a difficult situation that you faced at work and what you did about it.
告诉我你在工作中遇到过的一个麻烦的情形以及你是如何应对的。A junior colleague was making mistakes in his data. It made our team look bad. I taught him how to use spreadsheets effectively.
一个职位较低的同事在他的数据上犯错了。这让我们团队看起来很糟糕。我教了他如何有效地使用电子表格。I had a misunderstanding with a colleague. 我误解了一个同事。
I'm very proactive with technical problems. 我对技术问题很有主动性。
I started taking software classes at night. 我在晚上开始上软件课了。I love my job, but I'm ready for a new challenge. 我热爱我的工作，但是我准备要迎接新的挑战。
I've been in my industry for 10 years. 我已经在这行干了10年了。
I've had problems with public speaking. 曾经我的演讲能力不行。
My greatest strength is my curiosity. 我的最大的优点是我的好奇心。
Module 4 Closing a job interview
1. Asking interview questions
- Do you have any questions for me? 你有问题要问我吗？
- I do have a few, if you don't mind. 我的确有几个问题，如果您不介意的话。
- the greatest challenge the team's facing 团队面对的最大的挑战
- What's your experience been like? 您的经验是什么样的？
问面试官问题
准备一些在面试结束时问的问题。这是显示你对公司有兴趣并得到更多关于公司信息的机会。
- What is the biggest challenge for your staff? 你的员工的最大的挑战是什么？
- What would I need to do to be successful at this position? 如果要在这个职位成功的话，我需要做些什么？
- Do you have any reservations about my qualifications? 您对我的资格有什么疑问吗？
你可能想和你的面试官在私人层面上建立良好关系。不要太勉强，但是可以找出你的面试官对公司的印象如何。
- How do you feel about working at IBX? 您在 IBX 工作感觉怎样？
- What would I need to do to be successful?
- What is the biggest challenge for your staff?
- Do you have any reservations about me? 你对我有什么疑问吗？
- How do you feel about working at IBX?
2. Ending an interview
- What sort of timeline can I expect? 我可以期待什么样的时间表呢？
- let people know by the end of the week 这周结束前会通知大家
- We're gonna let people know by the end of the week.
- When are you available to start? 你什么时候能开始？
- Thank you once again for coming in. 再次感谢你能过来。
结束一个工作面试
你已经问了面试官很多问题。现在你要问自己一个问题：你仍然对这个工作感兴趣吗？如果还是，你应该向面试官表达这个意思。
- After hearing your responses to my questions, I'd really like to work here. I think that I'm a good fit for this position.
听完你对我的问题的回答，我将会非常喜欢在这里工作。我觉得我是非常合适这个职位的。
在你走之前，你需要知道下一步是什么。感谢面试官并且要一张名片以便你写一封简短的感谢邮件，并附上正确拼写的名字和工作头衔。
A: So, what are the next steps in the hiring process?那么，聘用程序中的下一步是什么？
B: Well, I need to interview one more candidate. I should be able to tell you my decision by next Monday.
嗯，我需要再面试一个候选人。到下个星期一我应该会告诉你我的决定。Thank you for taking the time to interview me. I hope to talk to you again soon.
感谢您抽时间来面试我。我希望我们会很快再通话。Oh, and could I have one of your business cards?哦，我能要一张您的名片吗？
I'm excited by the possibility of working here. 我对可能会在这里上班感到很激动。
What are the next steps in the hiring process? 聘用过程的下一步是什么？
When do you think a decision will be made? 您认为什么时候决定会定下来呢？
Could I have one of your business cards? 我能要一张您的名片吗？
Thank you for taking the time to interview me. 感谢您抽时间来面试我。