WPF基础学习
WPF学习
基础需要比较少
WPF是用来替代WinForm
WPF的核心:XAML技术,平板电脑开发, Windows Phone手机开发
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控件
比较常用的事件button(click) Loaded事件
控件名字取得要有意义
Focus()获取焦点
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集合
List list = new List();
list.Add(123);
list.Add(234);
list.Remove(123);
list.Clear();
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手写XAML是必须的过程,就像手写HTML一样的; 学从难处学,易从易处用
XAML语法
- 属性值必须是双引号
- 闭合结构,有开始,有结束
- 大小写敏感
- 每个节点就是一个控件,每一个XAML标签都可以new出来
- 属性值有两种赋值方法,一直接=; 二是
-
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常用控件
常用属性:
- //Visibility的值控制控件的显示: Collapsed隐藏, Visible可见
- ReadOnly只读属性
- TextWrapping="Wrap"可以折行,自动换行
- IsEnable: 控件是否可用: bool类型
- Background背景"色", FontSize字体大小
- MaxLength: 最大长度
- PasswordBox: 密码框的取值使用Password属性值,而不是Text
- Margin="15" 距离周边的距离
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可空数据类型: 引用类型, 自定义,string, 大部分类都是
不可空:值类型. int,boolean,decimal, DataTime
##在不可为null的类型后加?就可以为null了
int? i1 = null; //这是可以的,就因为这个?, 一旦加上?就相当于引用类型(个人理解)
int i2 = 6;
int? i3 = i2; //这也是可以的,把int赋值给int?
int i4 = (int)i3; //这也是可以的,强制转换
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一些控件
- RadioButton, GroupName是组名
- DatePicker 选择时间控件,属性值可空
- Image控件, Source地址
- ProgressBar, 进度条: IsIndeterminate是否不确定模式: Maximun最大值, Minimum最小值
DateTime.Now 包含
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页面布局
- 绝对定位,使用具体数值定位
- StackPanel, 进行布局, Orientation垂直布局,还是水平布局, 可以嵌套
- Margin对顶点,参数,, VerticalAlignment="Center"垂直居中
- Button btn = new Button(); btn.Content="动态控件"; stackPanel1.Children.Add(btn);
例子:
例子2:
例子:登陆
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连连看棋盘:
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{ //动态创建十行十列
RowDefinition rdRow = new RowDefinition();
gridGame.RowDefinitions.Add(rdRow);
ColumnDefinition cdCol = new ColumnDefinition();
gridGame.ColumnDefinitions.Add(cdCol);
}
Random random = new Random();
//random.Next(0, 10); //生成<=0, <9的随机整数
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
{
//Button btn = new Button();
//btn.Content = i + "," + j;
//Grid.SetRow(btn, i);//设置控件的行属性用Grid的静态方法
//Grid.SetColumn(btn, j);
//gridGame.Children.Add(btn);
string imgName = "/img/" + random.Next(1,10) + ".jpg";
Image img = new Image();
img.Source = new BitmapImage (new Uri(imgName, UriKind .Relative));
Grid.SetColumn(img, j);
Grid.SetRow(img, i);
gridGame.Children.Add(img);
}
}
}
嵌套的布局:
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练习一: 计算器布局模拟
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练习二: 腾讯微博界面简单模拟
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菜单
- 普通菜单(主菜单)-Menu, 上下文菜单(右键菜单)-ToolBar两种
- DockPanel 先到先得空间
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窗口
- 标题用Window的Title属性
- 不想能够修改大小: ResizeMode = "NoResize"
- 窗口打开正中央 WindowStartupLocation = "CenterScreen"
- 窗口间传递参数, 在被传类中新建一个属性值, 在传类中直接给属性赋值
- 传递的值主要都是通过属性来实现
- App.xaml中可以修改启动窗口
窗口练习1:
namespace 菜单栏
{
///
/// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
///
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void btnClose_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
AbortWindow aw = new AbortWindow();
aw.UserName = txtUserName.Text;
aw.ShowDialog();
txtMessage.Text = "走成功了吗?--" + aw.Chose;
}
}
}
namespace 菜单栏
{
///
/// AbortWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
///
public partial class AbortWindow : Window
{
public string UserName { get; set; }
public string Chose { get; set; }
public AbortWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
txtUserName.Text = UserName + ",您真地要走吗?" ;
}
private void btnYes_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Chose = "Yes";
this.Close();
}
private void btnNo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Chose = "No";
this.Close();
}
}
}
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打开文件, 和保存文件
private void btnOpenFile_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();
ofd.Filter = "文本文件|*.txt|图片|*.png|视频|*.avi|所有文件|*.*" ;
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == true )
{
MessageBox .Show("选择成功!" + ofd.FileName.ToString());
}
else
{
MessageBox .Show("选择失败!" );
}
}
private void btnSaveFile_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
SaveFileDialog sfd = new SaveFileDialog();
sfd.Filter = "文本|*.txt|word文件|*.doc" ;
if (sfd.ShowDialog() == true )
{
MessageBox .Show(sfd.FileName.ToString());
}
}
图片打开和显示
OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();
ofd.Filter = "png图??片?|*.png|所??有?D文?件t|*.*" ;
if (ofd.ShowDialog() == true )
{
string fileName = ofd.FileName;
imgShow.Source = new BitmapImage ( new Uri (fileName));
}
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