以下是基于 C# 的面向对象设计，抽象出公共接口和协议实现
以下是基于 C# 的面向对象设计，抽象出公共接口和协议实现，涵盖 SerialPortProtocol、TcpProtocol、HttpProtocol、WebSocketProtocol、ModbusProtocol 和 MQTTProtocol。每个协议实现为单独的项目，公共接口定义在独立项目中，使用异步编程模式（async/await）确保高效和稳定，代码结构易于扩展。以下内容包含详细的代码示例、注释和项目结构说明。
一、整体设计
1. 设计目标
- 抽象化：通过接口或抽象类定义通用通信操作（如连接、创建、读、写、关闭），确保协议无关性。
- 模块化：每个协议实现为独立项目，引用公共接口项目。
- 异步编程：使用 async/await 提高性能，避免阻塞。
- 可扩展性：支持新增协议，只需实现公共接口。
- 稳定性：包含异常处理、资源管理和日志记录。
2. 项目结构
- Communication.Abstractions：公共接口和抽象类项目。
- Communication.SerialPort：串口协议实现。
- Communication.Tcp：TCP 协议实现。
- Communication.Http：HTTP 协议实现。
- Communication.WebSocket：WebSocket 协议实现。
- Communication.Modbus：Modbus 协议实现（支持 RTU 和 TCP）。
- Communication.MQTT：MQTT 协议实现。
- Communication.Tests：测试项目，验证各协议实现。
3. 公共接口设计公共接口 ICommunicationProtocol 定义通用通信操作，抽象类 BaseCommunicationProtocol 提供通用功能（如日志记录）。
二、公共接口项目（Communication.Abstractions）
1. 项目结构
Communication.Abstractions/
├── ICommunicationProtocol.cs
├── BaseCommunicationProtocol.cs2. 代码实现ICommunicationProtocol.cs csharp
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.Abstractions
{
///
/// 定义通信协议的通用接口，包含连接、读写、关闭等操作
///
public interface ICommunicationProtocol : IDisposable
{
///
/// 异步连接到目标设备
///
/// 取消令牌
/// Task
Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
///
/// 异步读取数据
///
/// 存储读取数据的缓冲区
/// 取消令牌
/// 读取的字节数
Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
///
/// 异步写入数据
///
/// 要写入的数据
/// 取消令牌
/// Task
Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
///
/// 异步关闭连接
///
/// 取消令牌
/// Task
Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
///
/// 获取连接状态
///
bool IsConnected { get; }
}
} BaseCommunicationProtocol.cscsharp
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
namespace Communication.Abstractions
{
///
/// 通信协议的抽象基类，提供通用功能（如日志记录）
///
public abstract class BaseCommunicationProtocol : ICommunicationProtocol
{
protected readonly ILogger _logger;
protected BaseCommunicationProtocol(ILogger logger)
{
_logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
}
public abstract bool IsConnected { get; }
public abstract Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
public abstract Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
public abstract Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
public abstract Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken);
public virtual void Dispose()
{
// 实现 IDisposable，子类需重写以释放资源
}
///
/// 记录日志的辅助方法
///
protected void LogInformation(string message)
{
_logger.LogInformation($"[{GetType().Name}] {message}");
}
protected void LogError(string message, Exception ex)
{
_logger.LogError(ex, $"[{GetType().Name}] {message}");
}
}
} - 说明：
- ICommunicationProtocol 定义异步操作接口，确保一致性。
- BaseCommunicationProtocol 提供日志记录和基础结构，子类继承后实现具体协议。
- 使用 ILogger（Microsoft.Extensions.Logging）记录日志，便于调试和监控。
三、协议实现项目以下为每个协议的实现，均引用 Communication.Abstractions 项目，使用异步方式，包含详细注释。1. SerialPortProtocol（Communication.SerialPort）项目依赖
- System.IO.Ports
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（SerialPortProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.SerialPort
{
public class SerialPortProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly SerialPort _serialPort;
private readonly string _portName;
private readonly int _baudRate;
public SerialPortProtocol(string portName, int baudRate, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_portName = portName ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(portName));
_baudRate = baudRate;
_serialPort = new SerialPort(portName, baudRate, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One);
}
public override bool IsConnected => _serialPort?.IsOpen ?? false;
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!_serialPort.IsOpen)
{
_serialPort.Open();
LogInformation($"Connected to serial port {_portName} at {_baudRate} baud.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to connect to serial port.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Serial port is not connected.");
int bytesRead = await Task.Run(() => _serialPort.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length), cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Read {bytesRead} bytes from serial port.");
return bytesRead;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from serial port.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Serial port is not connected.");
await Task.Run(() => _serialPort.Write(data, 0, data.Length), cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Wrote {data.Length} bytes to serial port.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to serial port.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (_serialPort.IsOpen)
{
_serialPort.Close();
LogInformation("Serial port closed.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to close serial port.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_serialPort?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 System.IO.Ports.SerialPort 实现串口通信。
- 构造函数接收端口号和波特率，初始化串口。
- 异步方法通过 Task.Run 包装同步操作，支持取消令牌。
- 日志记录连接、读写和关闭操作。
2. TcpProtocol（Communication.Tcp）项目依赖
- System.Net.Sockets
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（TcpProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.Tcp
{
public class TcpProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly TcpClient _tcpClient;
private readonly string _host;
private readonly int _port;
private NetworkStream _stream;
public TcpProtocol(string host, int port, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_host = host ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(host));
_port = port;
_tcpClient = new TcpClient();
}
public override bool IsConnected => _tcpClient?.Connected ?? false;
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!_tcpClient.Connected)
{
await _tcpClient.ConnectAsync(_host, _port, cancellationToken);
_stream = _tcpClient.GetStream();
LogInformation($"Connected to {_host}:{_port}.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to connect to TCP server.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("TCP client is not connected.");
int bytesRead = await _stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Read {bytesRead} bytes from TCP server.");
return bytesRead;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from TCP server.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("TCP client is not connected.");
await _stream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length, cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Wrote {data.Length} bytes to TCP server.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to TCP server.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (_tcpClient.Connected)
{
_stream?.Close();
_tcpClient.Close();
LogInformation("TCP connection closed.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to close TCP connection.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_stream?.Dispose();
_tcpClient?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 TcpClient 实现 TCP 通信。
- 异步方法直接调用 ConnectAsync、ReadAsync 和 WriteAsync。
- 确保资源通过 Dispose 释放。
3. HttpProtocol（Communication.Http）项目依赖
- System.Net.Http
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（HttpProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.Http
{
public class HttpProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;
private readonly string _baseUrl;
public HttpProtocol(string baseUrl, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_baseUrl = baseUrl ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(baseUrl));
_httpClient = new HttpClient();
}
public override bool IsConnected => true; // HTTP 是无状态协议，假设始终“连接”
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
LogInformation($"HTTP protocol initialized for {_baseUrl}.");
// HTTP 无需显式连接
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(_baseUrl, cancellationToken);
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
byte[] data = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(cancellationToken);
Array.Copy(data, buffer, Math.Min(data.Length, buffer.Length));
LogInformation($"Read {data.Length} bytes from {_baseUrl}.");
return data.Length;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from HTTP server.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
var content = new ByteArrayContent(data);
HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.PostAsync(_baseUrl, content, cancellationToken);
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
LogInformation($"Wrote {data.Length} bytes to {_baseUrl}.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to HTTP server.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
LogInformation("HTTP protocol does not require explicit closing.");
// HTTP 无需显式关闭
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_httpClient?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 HttpClient 实现 HTTP 通信。
- HTTP 是无状态协议，ConnectAsync 和 CloseAsync 不执行实际操作。
- 支持 GET（读）和 POST（写）请求。
4. WebSocketProtocol（Communication.WebSocket）项目依赖
- System.Net.WebSockets
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（WebSocketProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Net.WebSockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.WebSocket
{
public class WebSocketProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly ClientWebSocket _webSocket;
private readonly Uri _uri;
public WebSocketProtocol(string uri, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_uri = new Uri(uri ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(uri)));
_webSocket = new ClientWebSocket();
}
public override bool IsConnected => _webSocket?.State == WebSocketState.Open;
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (_webSocket.State != WebSocketState.Open)
{
await _webSocket.ConnectAsync(_uri, cancellationlaboratory_diagnostic_techniques
LogInformation($"Connected to WebSocket {_uri}.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to connect to WebSocket.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("WebSocket is not connected.");
var result = await _webSocket.ReceiveAsync(new ArraySegment(buffer), cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Read {result.Count} bytes from WebSocket.");
return result.Count;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from WebSocket.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("WebSocket is not connected.");
await _webSocket.SendAsync(new ArraySegment(data), WebSocketMessageType.Binary, true, cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Wrote {data.Length} bytes to WebSocket.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to WebSocket.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (IsConnected)
{
await _webSocket.CloseAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus.NormalClosure, string.Empty, cancellationToken);
LogInformation("WebSocket connection closed.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to close WebSocket.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_webSocket?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 ClientWebSocket 实现 WebSocket 通信。
- 支持二进制数据的发送和接收。
- 异步方法支持取消操作。
5. ModbusProtocol（Communication.Modbus）项目依赖
- NModbus（通过 NuGet 安装）
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（ModbusProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Modbus.Device;
using System;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.Modbus
{
public class ModbusProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly SerialPort _serialPort;
private ModbusSerialMaster _master;
private readonly byte _slaveId;
public ModbusProtocol(string portName, int baudRate, byte slaveId, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_serialPort = new SerialPort(portName, baudRate, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One);
_slaveId = slaveId;
}
public override bool IsConnected => _serialPort?.IsOpen ?? false;
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!_serialPort.IsOpen)
{
_serialPort.Open();
_master = ModbusSerialMaster.CreateRtu(_serialPort);
LogInformation($"Connected to Modbus RTU on {_serialPort.PortName}.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to connect to Modbus RTU.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Modbus is not connected.");
// 读取保持寄存器（功能码 03）
ushort[] registers = await Task.Run(() => _master.ReadHoldingRegisters(_slaveId, 0, (ushort)(buffer.Length / 2)), cancellationToken);
Buffer.BlockCopy(registers, 0, buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
LogInformation($"Read {buffer.Length} bytes from Modbus RTU.");
return buffer.Length;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from Modbus RTU.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Modbus is not connected.");
ushort[] registers = new ushort[data.Length / 2];
Buffer.BlockCopy(data, 0, registers, 0, data.Length);
await Task.Run(() => _master.WriteMultipleRegisters(_slaveId, 0, registers), cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Wrote {data.Length} bytes to Modbus RTU.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to Modbus RTU.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (_serialPort.IsOpen)
{
_serialPort.Close();
LogInformation("Modbus RTU connection closed.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to close Modbus RTU.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_serialPort?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 NModbus 实现 Modbus RTU 协议。
- 支持保持寄存器的读写操作。
- 数据以字节数组形式传递，适配接口定义。
6. MQTTProtocol（Communication.MQTT）项目依赖
- MQTTnet（通过 NuGet 安装）
- Communication.Abstractions
代码实现（MqttProtocol.cs）csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using MQTTnet;
using MQTTnet.Client;
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Communication.MQTT
{
public class MqttProtocol : BaseCommunicationProtocol
{
private readonly IMqttClient _mqttClient;
private readonly string _brokerAddress;
private readonly string _topic;
public MqttProtocol(string brokerAddress, string topic, ILogger logger)
: base(logger)
{
_brokerAddress = brokerAddress ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(brokerAddress));
_topic = topic ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(topic));
var factory = new MqttFactory();
_mqttClient = factory.CreateMqttClient();
}
public override bool IsConnected => _mqttClient?.IsConnected ?? false;
public override async Task ConnectAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!_mqttClient.IsConnected)
{
var options = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
.WithTcpServer(_brokerAddress)
.Build();
await _mqttClient.ConnectAsync(options, cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Connected to MQTT broker {_brokerAddress}.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to connect to MQTT broker.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task ReadAsync(byte[] buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("MQTT client is not connected.");
var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource();
_mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceivedAsync += e =>
{
byte[] payload = e.ApplicationMessage.Payload;
Array.Copy(payload, buffer, Math.Min(payload.Length, buffer.Length));
tcs.SetResult(payload.Length);
return Task.CompletedTask;
};
await _mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(new MqttTopicFilterBuilder().WithTopic(_topic).Build());
LogInformation($"Subscribed to MQTT topic {_topic}.");
return await tcs.Task;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to read from MQTT.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task WriteAsync(byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!IsConnected)
throw new InvalidOperationException("MQTT client is not connected.");
var message = new MqttApplicationMessageBuilder()
.WithTopic(_topic)
.WithPayload(data)
.Build();
await _mqttClient.PublishAsync(message, cancellationToken);
LogInformation($"Published {data.Length} bytes to MQTT topic {_topic}.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to write to MQTT.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override async Task CloseAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (_mqttClient.IsConnected)
{
await _mqttClient.DisconnectAsync(cancellationToken);
LogInformation("MQTT connection closed.");
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
LogError("Failed to close MQTT connection.", ex);
throw;
}
}
public override void Dispose()
{
_mqttClient?.Dispose();
base.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 使用 MQTTnet 实现 MQTT 通信。
- 支持订阅和发布消息到指定主题。
- 异步方法适配接口定义。
四、测试项目（Communication.Tests）测试代码示例以下是一个测试程序，验证所有协议的实现。csharp
using Communication.Abstractions;
using Communication.SerialPort;
using Communication.Tcp;
using Communication.Http;
using Communication.WebSocket;
using Communication.Modbus;
using Communication.MQTT;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
class Program
{
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
using var loggerFactory = LoggerFactory.Create(builder => builder.AddConsole());
// 测试串口协议
var serialPort = new SerialPortProtocol("COM3", 9600, loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(serialPort, "SerialPort");
// 测试 TCP 协议
var tcp = new TcpProtocol("127.0.0.1", 12345, loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(tcp, "TCP");
// 测试 HTTP 协议
var http = new HttpProtocol("http://example.com", loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(http, "HTTP");
// 测试 WebSocket 协议
var webSocket = new WebSocketProtocol("ws://echo.websocket.org", loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(webSocket, "WebSocket");
// 测试 Modbus 协议
var modbus = new ModbusProtocol("COM3", 9600, 1, loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(modbus, "Modbus");
// 测试 MQTT 协议
var mqtt = new MqttProtocol("broker.hivemq.com", "test/topic", loggerFactory.CreateLogger());
await TestProtocolAsync(mqtt, "MQTT");
}
static async Task TestProtocolAsync(ICommunicationProtocol protocol, string protocolName)
{
try
{
await protocol.ConnectAsync(CancellationToken.None);
Console.WriteLine($"{protocolName} connected: {protocol.IsConnected}");
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Test Data");
await protocol.WriteAsync(data, CancellationToken.None);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = await protocol.ReadAsync(buffer, CancellationToken.None);
Console.WriteLine($"{protocolName} read: {Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead)}");
await protocol.CloseAsync(CancellationToken.None);
Console.WriteLine($"{protocolName} closed.");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{protocolName} error: {ex.Message}");
}
finally
{
protocol.Dispose();
}
}
} - 说明：
- 测试程序统一测试各协议的连接、读写和关闭功能。
- 使用 ILogger 记录日志，便于调试。
- 需根据实际环境调整参数（如 COM 端口、IP 地址、URL）。
五、注意事项与优化1. 注意事项
- 环境配置：
- 串口协议：确保 COM 端口可用，使用 USB-to-RS232/RS485 转换器。
- TCP/WebSocket：确保目标服务器运行并监听指定端口。
- HTTP：确保目标 URL 可访问。
- Modbus：使用 Modbus Slave 模拟器或实际设备，配置正确参数。
- MQTT：使用公共 MQTT 经纪人（如 broker.hivemq.com）或本地经纪人。
- 依赖管理：
- 安装 NModbus 和 MQTTnet 库。
- 使用 Microsoft.Extensions.Logging 进行日志记录。
- 异常处理：
- 各协议实现包含完善的异常处理。
- 测试时确保目标设备或模拟器正常运行。
2. 优化建议
- 依赖注入：使用 Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection 管理协议实例。
- 配置管理：通过 IConfiguration 读取协议参数（如端口、URL）。
- 重试机制：为连接和读写操作添加重试逻辑。
- 单元测试：使用 xUnit 或 NUnit 编写单元测试，确保协议实现稳定。
- 性能优化：
- 使用对象池管理 TcpClient 和 HttpClient。
- 优化 Modbus 和 MQTT 的批量操作。
六、扩展性
- 新增协议：
- 创建新项目（如 Communication.NewProtocol）。
- 引用 Communication.Abstractions。
- 实现 ICommunicationProtocol 接口。
- 在测试项目中添加新协议的测试代码。
- 示例扩展协议：
- CAN 协议：使用第三方 CAN 库（如 Peak CAN）。
- Profibus：使用专用硬件和驱动程序。
七、总结
- 公共接口：ICommunicationProtocol 和 BaseCommunicationProtocol 提供统一的抽象接口和基础功能。
- 协议实现：六个协议（SerialPort、TCP、HTTP、WebSocket、Modbus、MQTT）均以异步方式实现，支持日志和异常处理。
- 测试项目：统一测试程序验证各协议功能。
- 可扩展性：模块化设计便于添加新协议。
- 稳定性：异步编程、日志记录和资源管理确保高效稳定。
如果需要更详细的某协议实现（如 Modbus TCP 的扩展）、特定场景优化、模拟器配置截图（需通过其他方式提供），或进一步的测试用例，请告诉我！