量子机器学习前沿：量子神经网络与混合量子-经典算法

1. 量子计算基础

1.1 量子比特与量子门

import numpy as np
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, Aer, execute
from qiskit.visualization import plot_histogram

# 单量子比特操作演示
def single_qubit_demo():
    qc = QuantumCircuit(1)
    qc.h(0)  # Hadamard门创建叠加态
    qc.rz(np.pi/4, 0)  # 相位旋转
    qc.s(0)  # S门(π/2相位)
    
    backend = Aer.get_backend('statevector_simulator')
    result = execute(qc, backend).result()
    statevector = result.get_statevector()
    print("State vector:", statevector)
    
    # 测量演示
    qc.measure_all()
    backend = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
    result = execute(qc, backend, shots=1000).result()
    counts = result.get_counts()
    plot_histogram