基于Java Swing的固定资产管理系统设计与实现：附完整源码与论文

Java+SQL企业固定资产管理系统

一、系统概述

本系统采用Java Swing开发桌面应用，结合SQL Server数据库实现企业固定资产的全生命周期管理。系统支持资产入库、领用、调拨、维修、报废等业务流程，提供资产盘点、报表统计等功能，满足企业对固定资产信息化管理的需求。

二、系统架构设计

1. 技术选型

• 前端：Java Swing
• 后端：Java SE
• 数据库：SQL Server 2019
• 数据访问：JDBC
• 报表工具：JasperReports
• 开发工具：Eclipse

2. 系统架构

├── src
│   ├── main
│   │   ├── java
│   │   │   └── com
│   │   │       └── fixedasset
│   │   │           ├── controller (控制器层)
│   │   │           ├── model (模型层)
│   │   │           ├── view (视图层)
│   │   │           ├── dao (数据访问层)
│   │   │           └── utils (工具类)
│   │   └── resources
│   │       └── db.properties (数据库配置)

三、核心代码实现

1. 数据库连接工具类

// DBConnectionUtil.java
public class DBConnectionUtil {
    private static Connection connection;
    private static final String URL;
    private static final String USERNAME;
    private static final String PASSWORD;
    private static final String DRIVER;

    static {
        try {
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            InputStream inputStream = DBConnectionUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
            properties.load(inputStream);
            
            URL = properties.getProperty("url");
            USERNAME = properties.getProperty("username");
            PASSWORD = properties.getProperty("password");
            DRIVER = properties.getProperty("driver");
            
            Class.forName(DRIVER);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        if (connection == null || connection.isClosed()) {
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD);
        }
        return connection;
    }

    public static void close(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (rs != null) rs.close();
            if (stmt != null) stmt.close();
            if (conn != null) conn.close();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. 资产实体类

// Asset.java
public class Asset {
    private int id;
    private String assetCode;
    private String assetName;
    private String specification;
    private String model;
    private String categoryId;
    private double purchasePrice;
    private Date purchaseDate;
    private String supplier;
    private String departmentId;
    private String location;
    private String custodian;
    private int status; // 1:在用, 2:闲置, 3:维修, 4:报废
    private Date createTime;
    private Date updateTime;
    
    // getters and setters
}

3. 资产数据访问类

// AssetDAO.java
public class AssetDAO {
    public List<Asset> getAllAssets() {
        List<Asset> assets = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM assets ORDER BY createTime DESC";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
             ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql)) {
            
            while (rs.next()) {
                Asset asset = new Asset();
                asset.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                asset.setAssetCode(rs.getString("assetCode"));
                asset.setAssetName(rs.getString("assetName"));
                asset.setSpecification(rs.getString("specification"));
                asset.setModel(rs.getString("model"));
                asset.setCategoryId(rs.getString("categoryId"));
                asset.setPurchasePrice(rs.getDouble("purchasePrice"));
                asset.setPurchaseDate(rs.getDate("purchaseDate"));
                asset.setSupplier(rs.getString("supplier"));
                asset.setDepartmentId(rs.getString("departmentId"));
                asset.setLocation(rs.getString("location"));
                asset.setCustodian(rs.getString("custodian"));
                asset.setStatus(rs.getInt("status"));
                asset.setCreateTime(rs.getDate("createTime"));
                asset.setUpdateTime(rs.getDate("updateTime"));
                assets.add(asset);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        return assets;
    }
    
    public boolean addAsset(Asset asset) {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO assets (assetCode, assetName, specification, model, " +
                     "categoryId, purchasePrice, purchaseDate, supplier, departmentId, " +
                     "location, custodian, status, createTime, updateTime) " +
                     "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, GETDATE(), GETDATE())";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setString(1, asset.getAssetCode());
            pstmt.setString(2, asset.getAssetName());
            pstmt.setString(3, asset.getSpecification());
            pstmt.setString(4, asset.getModel());
            pstmt.setString(5, asset.getCategoryId());
            pstmt.setDouble(6, asset.getPurchasePrice());
            pstmt.setDate(7, new java.sql.Date(asset.getPurchaseDate().getTime()));
            pstmt.setString(8, asset.getSupplier());
            pstmt.setString(9, asset.getDepartmentId());
            pstmt.setString(10, asset.getLocation());
            pstmt.setString(11, asset.getCustodian());
            pstmt.setInt(12, asset.getStatus());
            
            int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            return rows > 0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public boolean updateAsset(Asset asset) {
        String sql = "UPDATE assets SET assetName = ?, specification = ?, model = ?, " +
                     "categoryId = ?, purchasePrice = ?, purchaseDate = ?, supplier = ?, " +
                     "departmentId = ?, location = ?, custodian = ?, status = ?, " +
                     "updateTime = GETDATE() WHERE id = ?";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setString(1, asset.getAssetName());
            pstmt.setString(2, asset.getSpecification());
            pstmt.setString(3, asset.getModel());
            pstmt.setString(4, asset.getCategoryId());
            pstmt.setDouble(5, asset.getPurchasePrice());
            pstmt.setDate(6, new java.sql.Date(asset.getPurchaseDate().getTime()));
            pstmt.setString(7, asset.getSupplier());
            pstmt.setString(8, asset.getDepartmentId());
            pstmt.setString(9, asset.getLocation());
            pstmt.setString(10, asset.getCustodian());
            pstmt.setInt(11, asset.getStatus());
            pstmt.setInt(12, asset.getId());
            
            int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            return rows > 0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public boolean deleteAsset(int id) {
        String sql = "DELETE FROM assets WHERE id = ?";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setInt(1, id);
            int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            return rows > 0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
}

4. 资产领用管理

// AssetUseDAO.java
public class AssetUseDAO {
    public boolean recordAssetUse(AssetUseRecord record) {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO asset_use_records (assetId, userId, useDate, reason, status, createTime) " +
                     "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, GETDATE())";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setInt(1, record.getAssetId());
            pstmt.setInt(2, record.getUserId());
            pstmt.setDate(3, new java.sql.Date(record.getUseDate().getTime()));
            pstmt.setString(4, record.getReason());
            pstmt.setInt(5, record.getStatus());
            
            int rows = pstmt.executeUpdate();
            
            // 更新资产状态
            if (rows > 0) {
                updateAssetStatus(record.getAssetId(), 1); // 在用
            }
            
            return rows > 0;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    private void updateAssetStatus(int assetId, int status) {
        String sql = "UPDATE assets SET status = ? WHERE id = ?";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setInt(1, status);
            pstmt.setInt(2, assetId);
            pstmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public List<AssetUseRecord> getAssetUseRecordsByAssetId(int assetId) {
        List<AssetUseRecord> records = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM asset_use_records WHERE assetId = ? ORDER BY useDate DESC";
        
        try (Connection conn = DBConnectionUtil.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
            
            pstmt.setInt(1, assetId);
            ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
            
            while (rs.next()) {
                AssetUseRecord record = new AssetUseRecord();
                record.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                record.setAssetId(rs.getInt("assetId"));
                record.setUserId(rs.getInt("userId"));
                record.setUseDate(rs.getDate("useDate"));
                record.setReason(rs.getString("reason"));
                record.setStatus(rs.getInt("status"));
                record.setCreateTime(rs.getDate("createTime"));
                records.add(record);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        return records;
    }
}

5. 资产盘点功能

// AssetInventoryService.java
public class AssetInventoryService {
    private AssetDAO assetDAO = new AssetDAO();
    private InventoryDAO inventoryDAO = new InventoryDAO();
    
    public Inventory createInventory(String inventoryName, String creatorId, List<Integer> assetIds) {
        Inventory inventory = new Inventory();
        inventory.setInventoryName(inventoryName);
        inventory.setCreatorId(creatorId);
        inventory.setCreateTime(new Date());
        inventory.setStatus(1); // 进行中
        
        // 保存盘点单
        inventoryDAO.saveInventory(inventory);
        
        // 添加盘点资产
        for (Integer assetId : assetIds) {
            Asset asset = assetDAO.getAssetById(assetId);
            if (asset != null) {
                InventoryItem item = new InventoryItem();
                item.setInventoryId(inventory.getId());
                item.setAssetId(assetId);
                item.setAssetCode(asset.getAssetCode());
                item.setAssetName(asset.getAssetName());
                item.setLocation(asset.getLocation());
                item.setCustodian(asset.getCustodian());
                item.setStatus(0); // 未盘点
                inventoryDAO.saveInventoryItem(item);
            }
        }
        
        return inventory;
    }
    
    public void completeInventoryItem(int itemId, int actualStatus, String notes) {
        inventoryDAO.updateInventoryItemStatus(itemId, actualStatus, notes, new Date());
    }
    
    public InventoryReport generateInventoryReport(int inventoryId) {
        InventoryReport report = new InventoryReport();
        Inventory inventory = inventoryDAO.getInventoryById(inventoryId);
        report.setInventory(inventory);
        
        List<InventoryItem> items = inventoryDAO.getInventoryItemsByInventoryId(inventoryId);
        report.setItems(items);
        
        // 统计盘点结果
        int totalCount = items.size();
        int foundCount = 0;
        int missingCount = 0;
        int damagedCount = 0;
        
        for (InventoryItem item : items) {
            if (item.getStatus() == 1) { // 已盘点-存在
                foundCount++;
            } else if (item.getStatus() == 2) { // 已盘点-缺失
                missingCount++;
            } else if (item.getStatus() == 3) { // 已盘点-损坏
                damagedCount++;
            }
        }
        
        report.setTotalCount(totalCount);
        report.setFoundCount(foundCount);
        report.setMissingCount(missingCount);
        report.setDamagedCount(damagedCount);
        
        return report;
    }
}

四、系统界面设计

1. 主界面

// MainFrame.java
public class MainFrame extends JFrame {
    private JTabbedPane tabbedPane;
    private AssetManagerPanel assetManagerPanel;
    private AssetUsePanel assetUsePanel;
    private InventoryPanel inventoryPanel;
    private ReportPanel reportPanel;
    
    public MainFrame() {
        setTitle("企业固定资产管理系统");
        setSize(1200, 800);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        
        initComponents();
    }
    
    private void initComponents() {
        // 菜单栏
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        
        JMenu systemMenu = new JMenu("系统");
        JMenuItem loginItem = new JMenuItem("登录");
        JMenuItem logoutItem = new JMenuItem("退出");
        systemMenu.add(loginItem);
        systemMenu.addSeparator();
        systemMenu.add(logoutItem);
        
        JMenu assetMenu = new JMenu("资产管理");
        JMenuItem addAssetItem = new JMenuItem("新增资产");
        JMenuItem manageAssetItem = new JMenuItem("资产列表");
        JMenuItem categoryManageItem = new JMenuItem("资产分类");
        assetMenu.add(addAssetItem);
        assetMenu.add(manageAssetItem);
        assetMenu.addSeparator();
        assetMenu.add(categoryManageItem);
        
        JMenu operationMenu = new JMenu("资产操作");
        JMenuItem useItem = new JMenuItem("资产领用");
        JMenuItem returnItem = new JMenuItem("资产归还");
        JMenuItem transferItem = new JMenuItem("资产调拨");
        JMenuItem repairItem = new JMenuItem("资产维修");
        JMenuItem scrapItem = new JMenuItem("资产报废");
        operationMenu.add(useItem);
        operationMenu.add(returnItem);
        operationMenu.add(transferItem);
        operationMenu.add(repairItem);
        operationMenu.add(scrapItem);
        
        JMenu inventoryMenu = new JMenu("资产盘点");
        JMenuItem createInventoryItem = new JMenuItem("创建盘点单");
        JMenuItem manageInventoryItem = new JMenuItem("盘点管理");
        inventoryMenu.add(createInventoryItem);
        inventoryMenu.add(manageInventoryItem);
        
        JMenu reportMenu = new JMenu("报表统计");
        JMenuItem assetReportItem = new JMenuItem("资产报表");
        JMenuItem inventoryReportItem = new JMenuItem("盘点报表");
        JMenuItem depreciationReportItem = new JMenuItem("折旧报表");
        reportMenu.add(assetReportItem);
        reportMenu.add(inventoryReportItem);
        reportMenu.add(depreciationReportItem);
        
        menuBar.add(systemMenu);
        menuBar.add(assetMenu);
        menuBar.add(operationMenu);
        menuBar.add(inventoryMenu);
        menuBar.add(reportMenu);
        
        setJMenuBar(menuBar);
        
        // 标签页
        tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane();
        
        assetManagerPanel = new AssetManagerPanel();
        assetUsePanel = new AssetUsePanel();
        inventoryPanel = new InventoryPanel();
        reportPanel = new ReportPanel();
        
        tabbedPane.addTab("资产管理", assetManagerPanel);
        tabbedPane.addTab("资产领用", assetUsePanel);
        tabbedPane.addTab("资产盘点", inventoryPanel);
        tabbedPane.addTab("报表统计", reportPanel);
        
        add(tabbedPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            try {
                UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            new MainFrame().setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

2. 资产列表面板

// AssetManagerPanel.java
public class AssetManagerPanel extends JPanel {
    private JTable assetTable;
    private AssetTableModel tableModel;
    private JComboBox<String> statusComboBox;
    private JComboBox<String> categoryComboBox;
    private JTextField searchField;
    
    public AssetManagerPanel() {
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        
        // 初始化工具栏
        initToolBar();
        
        // 初始化表格
        tableModel = new AssetTableModel();
        assetTable = new JTable(tableModel);
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(assetTable);
        add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        
        // 加载资产数据
        loadAssets();
    }
    
    private void initToolBar() {
        JPanel toolBarPanel = new JPanel();
        toolBarPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        
        // 添加资产按钮
        JButton addButton = new JButton("添加资产");
        addButton.addActionListener(e -> openAddAssetDialog());
        
        // 编辑资产按钮
        JButton editButton = new JButton("编辑资产");
        editButton.addActionListener(e -> openEditAssetDialog());
        
        // 删除资产按钮
        JButton deleteButton = new JButton("删除资产");
        deleteButton.addActionListener(e -> deleteSelectedAsset());
        
        // 刷新按钮
        JButton refreshButton = new JButton("刷新");
        refreshButton.addActionListener(e -> loadAssets());
        
        // 导出按钮
        JButton exportButton = new JButton("导出");
        exportButton.addActionListener(e -> exportAssets());
        
        // 搜索组件
        statusComboBox = new JComboBox<>(new String[] {"全部状态", "在用", "闲置", "维修", "报废"});
        initCategoryComboBox();
        
        searchField = new JTextField(20);
        JButton searchButton = new JButton("搜索");
        searchButton.addActionListener(e -> searchAssets());
        
        toolBarPanel.add(addButton);
        toolBarPanel.add(editButton);
        toolBarPanel.add(deleteButton);
        toolBarPanel.add(new JSeparator(SwingConstants.VERTICAL));
        toolBarPanel.add(refreshButton);
        toolBarPanel.add(exportButton);
        toolBarPanel.add(new JSeparator(SwingConstants.VERTICAL));
        toolBarPanel.add(statusComboBox);
        toolBarPanel.add(categoryComboBox);
        toolBarPanel.add(searchField);
        toolBarPanel.add(searchButton);
        
        add(toolBarPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
    }
    
    // 其他方法省略...
}

五、系统部署与测试

1. 环境要求

• JDK 1.8+
• SQL Server 2017+
• JDBC驱动：mssql-jdbc-10.2.1.jre8.jar
• JasperReports：jasperreports-6.17.0.jar

2. 部署步骤

1. 创建SQL Server数据库并执行建表脚本
2. 配置db.properties中的数据库连接信息
3. 使用Maven或IDE打包项目
4. 运行程序：java -jar fixed-asset-system.jar

3. 测试用例

// AssetDAOTest.java
public class AssetDAOTest {
    private AssetDAO assetDAO = new AssetDAO();
    
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        // 初始化测试环境
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testAddAsset() {
        Asset asset = new Asset();
        asset.setAssetCode("A0001");
        asset.setAssetName("联想笔记本电脑");
        asset.setSpecification("i7-12700H/16G/512G");
        asset.setModel("ThinkPad X1 Carbon");
        asset.setCategoryId("1"); // 电子设备
        asset.setPurchasePrice(12999.00);
        asset.setPurchaseDate(new Date());
        asset.setSupplier("联想科技有限公司");
        asset.setDepartmentId("101"); // 研发部
        asset.setLocation("A栋301室");
        asset.setCustodian("张三");
        asset.setStatus(1); // 在用
        
        boolean result = assetDAO.addAsset(asset);
        assertTrue(result);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testUpdateAsset() {
        // 先添加一个资产
        Asset asset = new Asset();
        asset.setAssetCode("A0002");
        asset.setAssetName("戴尔台式机");
        asset.setSpecification("i5-12400/8G/512G");
        asset.setModel("OptiPlex 7010");
        asset.setCategoryId("1"); // 电子设备
        asset.setPurchasePrice(5999.00);
        asset.setPurchaseDate(new Date());
        asset.setSupplier("戴尔科技有限公司");
        asset.setDepartmentId("102"); // 市场部
        asset.setLocation("B栋201室");
        asset.setCustodian("李四");
        asset.setStatus(1); // 在用
        assetDAO.addAsset(asset);
        
        // 获取资产并更新
        List<Asset> assets = assetDAO.getAllAssets();
        Asset toUpdate = assets.get(0);
        toUpdate.setLocation("B栋202室");
        toUpdate.setCustodian("王五");
        
        boolean result = assetDAO.updateAsset(toUpdate);
        assertTrue(result);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testDeleteAsset() {
        // 先添加一个资产
        Asset asset = new Asset();
        asset.setAssetCode("A0003");
        asset.setAssetName("打印机");
        asset.setSpecification("黑白激光");
        asset.setModel("HP M402dne");
        asset.setCategoryId("2"); // 办公设备
        asset.setPurchasePrice(3299.00);
        asset.setPurchaseDate(new Date());
        asset.setSupplier("惠普科技有限公司");
        asset.setDepartmentId("103"); // 财务部
        asset.setLocation("C栋101室");
        asset.setCustodian("赵六");
        asset.setStatus(1); // 在用
        assetDAO.addAsset(asset);
        
        // 获取资产ID并删除
        List<Asset> assets = assetDAO.getAllAssets();
        int id = assets.get(0).getId();
        
        boolean result = assetDAO.deleteAsset(id);
        assertTrue(result);
    }
}

六、毕业设计文档框架

1. 论文框架

1. 引言
2. 相关技术综述
3. 系统需求分析
4. 系统设计
5. 系统实现
6. 系统测试
7. 总结与展望

2. 其他文档

• 开题报告：研究背景、目的、意义、国内外现状、研究内容与方法等
• 任务书：系统功能要求、技术指标、进度安排等
• 中期考核报告：项目进展情况、已完成工作、遇到问题及解决方案等
• 评语表：指导教师对学生毕业设计的评价
• 答辩PPT：系统概述、需求分析、设计方案、实现情况、测试结果等

七、总结

本系统实现了企业固定资产的信息化管理，采用Java+SQL Server技术栈，具有良好的可扩展性和维护性。系统覆盖了固定资产全生命周期管理，提供了完善的功能模块和报表统计，可有效提升企业固定资产管理效率和水平。