Linux软件包安装和卸载
linux系统下安装软件包的三种方法：
1.rpm工具：下载软件rpm包安装，类似Windows的exe文件
2.yum工具：类似应用商店，相比rpm安装优势在于更方便快捷，会自动安装依赖包
3.源码包：下载源码包到linux系统中，需要编译器编译安装
rpm工具用法：
rpm包的格式如下图：（zsh为包名，5.0.2为版本号，-31.el7为发布版本号）
[root@localhost Packages]# zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装rpm包命令：rpm -ivh 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ivh zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:zsh-5.0.2-31.el7 ################################# [100%]
升级rpm包命令：rpm -Uvh 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -Uvh zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
*当系统中有高版本的zsh包的时候，可以使用rpm -Uvh 升级包
卸载rpm包：rpm -e 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -e zsh #卸载不需要写包的全名
查询系统已安装的rpm包： rpm -qa
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qa
查询指定的包是否安装：rpm -q 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q zsh #前文安装zsh包后已卸载所以提示未安装
未安装软件包 zsh
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q vim-enhanced #已安装的包会列出包的信息
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64
查询指定包的详细信息： rpm -qi 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qi vim-enhanced
Name : vim-enhanced
Epoch : 2
Version : 7.4.160
Release : 6.el7_6
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2019年08月28日 星期三 11时22分18秒
Group : Applications/Editors
Size : 2296674
License : Vim
Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2019年07月01日 星期一 21时34分29秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : vim-7.4.160-6.el7_6.src.rpm
Build Date : 2019年06月28日 星期五 21时59分48秒
Build Host : x86-02.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://www.vim.org/
Summary : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Description :
VIM (VIsual editor iMproved) is an updated and improved version of the
vi editor. Vi was the first real screen-based editor for UNIX, and is
still very popular. VIM improves on vi by adding new features:
multiple windows, multi-level undo, block highlighting and more. The
vim-enhanced package contains a version of VIM with extra, recently
introduced features like Python and Perl interpreters.
Install the vim-enhanced package if you'd like to use a version of the
VIM editor which includes recently added enhancements like
interpreters for the Python and Perl scripting languages. You'll also
need to install the vim-common package.
列出包的安装文件：rpm -ql 包名
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -ql vim-enhanced
/etc/profile.d/vim.csh
/etc/profile.d/vim.sh
/usr/bin/rvim
/usr/bin/vim
/usr/bin/vimdiff
/usr/bin/vimtutor
查看文件由什么包安装： rpm -qf 文件绝对路径
[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vimdiff
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64
yum工具的用法：
yum list ：列出yum仓库中可以安装的rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list
*第三列表示仓库名，带@符号表示已安装
查看yum仓库配置文件：
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
yum search 包名：搜索yum仓库中的包
[root@localhost ~]# yum search tomcat
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
*