python 爬虫用bs4 或者叫Beautiful Soup

Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库.它能够通过你喜欢的转换器实现惯用的文档导航,查找,修改文档的方式.Beautiful Soup会帮你节省数小时甚至数天的工作时间.

Beautiful Soup 4.4.0 文档 — Beautiful Soup 4.2.0 中文 文档

安装 ：

pip install bs4

下面的一段HTML代码将作为例子被多次用到.这是 爱丽丝梦游仙境的 的一段内容(以后内容中简称为 爱丽丝 的文档):

html_doc = """


The Dormouse's story

Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
Elsie,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.

...
"""

使用BeautifulSoup解析这段代码,能够得到一个 BeautifulSoup 的对象,并能按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')

print(soup.prettify())
# 
#  
#   
#  
#  
#   

#    
#     The Dormouse's story
#    
#   
#   

#    Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
#    
#     Elsie
#    
#    ,
#    
#     Lacie
#    
#    and
#    
#     Tillie
#    
#    ; and they lived at the bottom of a well.
#   
#   

#    ...
#   
#  
# 

几个简单的浏览结构化数据的方法:

soup.title
# 

soup.title.name
# u'title'

soup.title.string
# u'The Dormouse's story'

soup.title.parent.name
# u'head'

soup.p
# 
The Dormouse's story

soup.p['class']
# u'title'

soup.a
# Elsie

soup.find_all('a')
# [Elsie,
#  Lacie,
#  Tillie]

soup.find(id="link3")
# Tillie

从文档中找到所有标签的链接:

for link in soup.find_all('a'):
    print(link.get('href'))
    # http://example.com/elsie
    # http://example.com/lacie
    # http://example.com/tillie

从文档中获取所有文字内容:

print(soup.get_text())
# The Dormouse's story
#
# The Dormouse's story
#
# Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
# Elsie,
# Lacie and
# Tillie;
# and they lived at the bottom of a well.
#
# ...

只学了这么多