主机成份

pc机，服务器，智能手机与各种嵌入式乃至物联网

 

 

pc机　　OEM商，BIOS商

手机　　智能手机厂商

终端　　记录仪厂商

 

评估板与开发板

OEM和ODM

智能机与功能机

cisc与risc

http://www.cnblogs.com/createyuan/p/4626235.html

CISC(复杂指令集计算机)和RISC(精简指令集计算机)是当前CPU的两种架构。它们的区别在于不同的CPU设计理念和方法。

RISC的英文全称是Reduced Instruction Set Computer，中文是精简指令集计算机。特点是所有指令的格式都是一致的，所有指令的指令周期也是相同的，并且采用流水线技术。在中高档服务器中采用RISC指令的CPU主要有Compaq（康柏，即新惠普）公司的Alpha、HP公司的PA-RISC、IBM公司的PowerPC、MIPS公司的MIPS和SUN公司的Sparc。
常用的精简指令集微处理器包括DECAlpha、ARC、ARM、AVR、MIPS、PA-RISC、PowerArchitecture(包括PowerPC)和SPARC等。

从计算机诞生以来，人们一直沿用CISC指令集方式。早期的桌面软件是按CISC设计的，并一直沿用。桌面计算机流行的x86体系结构即使用CISC。微处理器（CPU）厂商一直在走CISC的发展道路，包括Intel、AMD，还有其他一些现在已经更名的厂商，如TI（德州仪器）、Cyrix以及VIA（威盛）等。在CISC微处理器中，程序的各条指令是按顺序串行执行的，每条指令中的各个操作也是按顺序串行执行的。顺序执行的优点是控制简单，但计算机各部分的利用率不高，执行速度慢。CISC架构的服务器主要以IA-32架构（IntelArchitecture,英特尔架构）为主，而且多数为中低档服务器所采用。

Intel公司X86为核心的PC系列正是基于CISC体系结构，而 Apple公司的Macintosh则是基于RISC体系结构，CISC与RISC到底有何区别？
从硬件角度来看CISC处理的是不等长指令集，它必须对不等长指令进行分割，因此在执行单一指令的时候需要进行较多的处理工作。而RISC执行的是等长精简指令集，CPU在执行指令的时候速度较快且性能稳定。因此在并行处理方面RISC明显优于CISC，RISC可同时执行多条指令，它可将一条指令分割成若干个进程或线程，交由多个处理器同时执行。由于RISC执行的是精简指令集，所以它的制造工艺简单且成本低廉。

在今年年初的CES2013消费电子展上，酷派春雷MAX 7295首次亮相，5英寸屏幕、四核处理器的配置使它刚一登场便受到了来自各方的强烈关注。在今年的2月，酷派正式发布了酷派春雷MAX 7295，千元级的定价使其拥有超高的性价比，而上市至今超过200万的销量也无疑证明了它的成功，乘着这个契机，酷派和中国联通再次合作，推出了酷派春 雷MAX 7295的后续版本——联通定制版的酷派7295C。作为中国联通联合酷派重点打造的下一款明星机型，酷派对7295C的硬件和系统做出了不同程度的升级 和优化并延续了千元级的价格，使得这款手机的性价比更为突出。

中国移动的和手机

power dissipation    功耗

将pc机，记录仪，智能手机三者横向比较

厂商
pc机    型号：组装机（兼容机）
    板子：梅捷
    intel(q8300+g41+ich7),内存+硬盘+电源,bios厂商,os厂商，
记录仪    型号：7A
    板子：丰力通
    nxp(32-bit ARM Cortex-M3)
手机    型号：coolpad 7295c
    板子：宇龙

The LPC178x/7x is an ARM Cortex-M3 based microcontroller for embedded applications
requiring a high level of integration and low power dissipation.
LPC1778FBD144

处理器方面，酷派7295C内置了主频为1.2GHz的联发科 MT6582M四核处理器，并配以1GB内存以及4GB存储空间
MT6582M，该处理器基于28纳米工艺制程，拥有四核芯ARM Cortex A7架构，主频为1.3Ghz，集成了一颗Mali-400MP图形处理单元，可支持800万/1300万像素的高清摄像头，支持qHD级分辨率的屏幕（MT6582支持720P级屏幕），另外这颗处理器还首度将TD-SCDMA及WCDMA双模集成在同一单芯片中。

问题1
智能手机与记录仪进行比较，都是嵌入式？
问题2
刷机，装系统，烧机
问题3
手机与记录仪可以装linux吗
问题4    cisc与risc
嵌入式都是risc吗

刷机不成功就用救砖方案吧，要解决也很简单的，那就是采用线刷的方式刷回官方的固件包就可以了
如果手机开不了机，一般先进入recovery里双清一下（恢复出厂设置和清空缓存），如果双清之后还是不行的话，就只能采用线刷的方式来救砖了。

 

CES2015，手机产业链从上游到终端，巨头们悉数参展：三大巨头芯片公司-高通，Intel，MTK;终端知名品牌公司-苹果，三星，sony，中兴，华 为，联想等都带来了各自的高科技精品。而在手机产业链里，手机方案设计公司通常做为站在品牌公司幕后的英雄一直在助推产业的发展。

电影产业链

音乐产业链

pc产业链

 

coolpad 7295c



智能机与功能机
在手机上下载一个cpu-Z软件一测便知硬件构成


http://www.yulong.com/product/product/product/load.html?productBO.product.id=6320&productBO.menuId=5082

http://www.mediatek.com/zh-CN/products/mobile-communications/smartphone1/mt6582/　　没有手册页提供

Energy efficient quad-core performance for mainstream smartphones.



MediaTek MT6582 brings quad-core performance to mainstream 3G smartphones, without taking a toll on battery life. Based on the energy-efficient ARM® Cortex®-A7 processor, MT6582 features a cost-optimised system-level design that simplifies product development, reduces manufacturing costs and speeds up the time to market.



MT6582 features wide connectivity options, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and GPS. Multimedia features include support for 720p HD displays with MediaTek MiraVision™ image enhancement, 1080p Full HD video and an 8-megapixel camera.

Features



    ARM Cortex-A7 quad-core processor (1.3GHz)

    Multi-mode Release 8 HSPA+/TD-SCDMA

    1280 x 720 (HD) display controller

    802.11x Wi-Fi , Bluetooth, GPS, FM receiver

    8MP image signal-processor

    1080p Full HD video recording and playback at 30fps

 

7A

恩知浦LPC1778FBD144　　可以下载手册页
http://www.cn.nxp.com/products/microcontrollers/product_series/lpc1700/LPC1778FBD144.html
The LPC178x/7x is an ARM Cortex-M3 based microcontroller for embedded applications 
requiring a high level of integration and low power dissipation.

和芯星通 um220　　偏偏没有um220这款的手册页

http://www.unicorecomm.com/files/PDF/Ch/NPL/Datasheet/UM220-INS_Datasheet_Ch_mail.pdf

SIMcom希姆通
sim900A　　物联网无线通讯模块
http://wm.sim.com/product.aspx?id=1007　　要登录账户才可以下载手册页
http://www.sim.com/espcms/index.php
先后为国际国内众多知名手机品牌商(ACER ,松下，Sonim，E人E本，联想，酷派等)和运营商(中国移动，联通，电信，美国AT&T,日本DoCoMo等)提供手机整体解决方案的ODM服务

 

 

 

梅捷主板　　SY-I5G41-L V2.0



http://ark.intel.com/products/39107/Intel-Core2-Quad-Processor-Q8300-4M-Cache-2_50-GHz-1333-MHz-FSB    cpu规范

http://ark.intel.com/products/36528    g41北桥芯片组规范，并在网页右边附带芯片组组件即南桥
http://www.realtek.com.tw/products/productsView.aspx?Langid=1&PNid=14&PFid=7&Level=5&Conn=4　　realtek网卡的datasheet需要登录才可以下载



192.168.1.70

[root@fgy ~]# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge:             　　   Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset DRAM Controller (rev 03)

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller:  　　Intel Corporation 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03)

00:1b.0 Audio device:        　　　　　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01)

00:1c.0 PCI bridge:    　　　　　　　　　 Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01)

00:1d.0 USB controller: 　　　　　　　　  Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 01)

00:1d.1 USB controller: 　　　　　　　　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 01)

00:1d.2 USB controller: 　　　　　　　　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 01)

00:1d.3 USB controller: 　　　　　　　　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 01)

00:1d.7 USB controller: 　　　　　　　　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01)

00:1e.0 PCI bridge: 　　　　Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1)

00:1f.0 ISA bridge: 　　　　Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01)

00:1f.1 IDE interface: 　　Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 01)

00:1f.2 IDE interface: 　　Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 01)

00:1f.3 SMBus: 　　　　　　 Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 01)

01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 02)

02:05.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

02:05.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82546EB Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

[root@fgy ~]#


在realtek官网查询的这款芯片相关信息
RTL8101E    支持的特性与8102E有所不同
The Realtek RTL8101E Fast Ethernet controller combines an IEEE 802.3 10/100Base-T compliant
Media Access Controller (MAC),
PCI Express bus controller,（PCI Express 1.0a bus interface for host communications）
and embedded memory.

RTL8102E(L)
Applications
  PCI Express Fast Ethernet on Motherboard, Notebook, or Embedded system
Download Page Links    只针对Realtek development partners only，所以下载不了文档
  Datasheets
  Reference Designs
Features
    Integrated 10/100 transceiver
    Auto-Negotiation with Next Page capability
    Supports PCI Express 1.1
    Supports pair swap/polarity/skew correction
    Crossover Detection & Auto-Correction
    Wake-on-LAN and remote wake-up support
    Customizable LEDs
    Microsoft NDIS5, NDIS6 Checksum Offload (IPv4, IPv6, TCP, UDP) and Segmentation Task-offload (Large send and Giant send) support
    Supports Full Duplex flow control (IEEE 802.3x)
    Fully complies with IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u
    Supports IEEE 802.1P Layer 2 Priority Encoding
    Supports IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging
    Serial EEPROM
    Embedded OTP memory can replace the external EEPROM
    Transmit/Receive on-chip buffer support
    Supports power down/link down power saving
    Built-in Regulator
    Supports PCI MSI (Message Signaled Interrupt) and MSI-X
    Supports Receive-Side Scaling (RSS)
    Embeds an adaptive equalizer in PCI express PHY (PCB traces can reach up to 20 inches)
    Supports Deep Slumber Mode (DSM) power saving feature (RTL8102E 64-pin QFN only)
    64-pin QFN (RTL8102E) & 48-pin LQFP (RTL8102EL) Green package

 

lenovo V480c笔记本 

sn:WB12724147
http://support1.lenovo.com.cn/lenovo/wsi/usercenter/computersearch/machinesearch.aspx?intcmp=index&id=WB12724147&showradio=1&showdriver=no

http://ark.intel.com/products/65700/Intel-Core-i3-3110M-Processor-3M-Cache-2_40-GHz

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/core/core-technical-resources.html　　cpu datasheet



Mobile Intel HM77 Express Chipset(Intel BD82HM77 PCH)

http://ark.intel.com/products/64339　　hm77 datasheet



5400转硬盘　　sata II 300MB/s



PCH SKUs

V480c的c216 chipset 不支持wireless display 3.0

Intel(R) Wireless Display是无线显示技术，能实现笔记本与电视机、投影仪等显示终端无线连接，不用机器连接线。

要实现WiDi无线显示技术，必须具备两个条件。首先是一台支持WiDi技术的笔记本产品，其次除笔记本、电视机外，还需要匹配一台路由器，将这种无线路由器放在电视机旁，利用一条HDMI线将路由器与电视机连接，随后打开笔记本中相应的程序，就能投影到电视机上。这项无线显示是基于802.11nWiFi技术，把笔记本上显示的内容，如视频、游戏、图片等，无线传输至电视机上播放



RTL8168/8111/8112 PCI Express Gigabit ethernet controller



然后根据这款芯片查询realtek官网

The Realtek RTL8168 Gigabit Ethernet controller combines a triple-speed IEEE 802.3 compliant 

Media Access Controller (MAC) with a triple-speed Ethernet transceiver, 

PCI Express bus controller, 

and embedded memory. 



The device supports the PCI Express 1.0a bus interface for host communications



Features

    Integrated 10/100/1000 transceiver

    Auto-Negotiation with Next Page capability

    Supports PCI Express 1.0a

    Supports pair swap/polarity/skew correction

    Crossover Detection & Auto-Correction

    Wake-on-LAN and remote wake-up support

    Microsoft NDIS5 Checksum Offload (IP, TCP, UDP) and Largesend Offload support

    Supports Full Duplex flow control (IEEE 802.3x)

    Fully compliant with IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.3u, IEEE 802.3ab

    Supports IEEE 802.1P Layer 2 Priority Encoding

    Supports IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging

    Serial EEPROM

    Transmit/Receive on-chip buffer (8KB/16KB) support

    Supports power down/link down power saving

    Supports PCI Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI)

    64-pin QFN package 



Applications

    PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet adapter 

 

ecs G41T-R3 v1.0a

http://ark.intel.com/products/42800/Intel-Pentium-Processor-E5500-2M-Cache-2_80-GHz-800-MHz-FSB　　cpu
http://ark.intel.com/products/36528 g41北桥芯片组规范，并在网页右边附带芯片组组件即南桥

The Intel 4 Series Chipset family is designed for use in desktop platforms. The chipset contains two components: 
GMCH (or MCH) for the host bridge and I/O Controller Hub 10 (ICH10) for the I/O subsystem (G45, G43, P45, P43 Express Chipset only). 
GMCH    AC82G41(实物编号)
The ICH10 is the tenth generation I/O Controller Hub and provides a multitude of I/O related functions. 
The Intel G41 Chipset uses the I/O Controller Hub 7 (ICH7). 
ICH7    NH82801GB(实物编号)

The ICH7 incorporates a variety of PCI functions that are divided into six logical devices 
(B0:D27, B0:D28, B0:D29, B0:D30, B0:D31 and B1:D8) 
D30 is the DMI-to-PCI bridge and the AC ’97 Audio and Modem controller functions, 
D31 contains the PCI-to-LPC bridge, IDE controller, SATA controller, and SMBus controller, 
D29 contains the four USB UHCI controllers and one USB EHCI controller, and 
D27 contains the PCI Express root ports. 
B1:D8 is the integrated LAN controller.

 

ecs H61H2-M12 v1.0
http://www.ecs.com.tw/ECSWebSite/Product/Product_Detail.aspx?DetailID=1289&CategoryID=1&DetailName=Feature&MenuID=103&LanID=0
Pentium(R) CPU G620 @ 2.60GHz
http://ark.intel.com/products/53480/Intel-Pentium-Processor-G620-3M-Cache-2_60-GHz
Intel H61 Express Chipset(Intel BD82H61 PCH)
http://ark.intel.com/products/52806

pch platform controller hub
很多主板都使用了单芯片设计。已经没有了以前的北桥、南桥概念。
由于市面上主流的CPU基本都集成了内存控制器，所以现在的芯片组（或者叫单芯片）只是提供了简单的IO接口、PCI-E数据通道和硬盘数据通道。比以前精简了。
USB的供电线路，是不经过主板主芯片的。主芯片只提供数据通路。


172.16.1.21

[root@test1 ~]# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: 			Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09)

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: 	Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)

00:16.0 Communication controller: 	Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)

00:1a.0 USB controller: 		Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)

00:1b.0 Audio device: 			Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)

00:1c.0 PCI bridge: 			Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)

00:1c.4 PCI bridge: 			Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev b5)

00:1d.0 USB controller: 		Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)

00:1f.0 ISA bridge: 			Intel Corporation H61 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller (rev 05)

00:1f.2 IDE interface: 			Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 4 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05)

00:1f.3 SMBus: 				Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)

00:1f.5 IDE interface: 			Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 2 port SATA IDE Controller (rev 05)

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: 		Atheros Communications Inc. AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet (rev c0)

 

asus P5p41c
172.16.1.10

[root@flt ~]# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: 	Intel Corporation Unknown device 2e30 (rev 03)

00:01.0 PCI bridge: 	Intel Corporation Unknown device 2e31 (rev 03)

00:1b.0 Audio device: 	Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01)

00:1c.0 PCI bridge: 	Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 01)

00:1c.3 PCI bridge: 	Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 01)

00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI #1 (rev 01)

00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI #2 (rev 01)

00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI #3 (rev 01)

00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB UHCI #4 (rev 01)

00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 01)

00:1e.0 PCI bridge: 	Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev e1)

00:1f.0 ISA bridge: 	Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR (ICH7 Family) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 01)

00:1f.1 IDE interface: 	Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 01)

00:1f.2 IDE interface: 	Intel Corporation 82801GB/GR/GH (ICH7 Family) Serial ATA Storage Controller IDE (rev 01)

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: 	nVidia Corporation Unknown device 0a23 (rev a2)

01:00.1 Audio device: 			nVidia Corporation Unknown device 0be2 (rev a1)

02:00.0 Ethernet controller: 		Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 03)

04:01.0 Ethernet controller: 		VIA Technologies, Inc. VT6105 [Rhine-III] (rev 86)

 

Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 3.06GHz



System Information

    Manufacturer: Dell Inc.                

    Product Name: OptiPlex GX280               

    Version: Not Specified

    Serial Number: 7QWQN1X

    UUID: 44454C4C-5100-1057-8051-B7C04F4E3158

    Wake-up Type: Power Switch



[root@localhost ~]# lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge:             　　　 Intel Corporation 82915G/P/GV/GL/PL/910GL Memory Controller Hub (rev 04)

00:01.0 PCI bridge:             　　　　Intel Corporation 82915G/P/GV/GL/PL/910GL PCI Express Root Port (rev 04)

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller:     Intel Corporation 82915G/GV/910GL Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 04)

00:02.1 Display controller:         Intel Corporation 82915G Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 04)

00:1c.0 PCI bridge:             Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 03)

00:1c.1 PCI bridge:             Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 03)

00:1d.0 USB controller:         Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #1 (rev 03)

00:1d.1 USB controller:         Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #2 (rev 03)

00:1d.2 USB controller:         Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #3 (rev 03)

00:1d.3 USB controller:         Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB UHCI #4 (rev 03)

00:1d.7 USB controller:         Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 03)

00:1e.0 PCI bridge:             Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d3)

00:1e.2 Multimedia audio controller:     Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 03)

00:1f.0 ISA bridge:             Intel Corporation 82801FB/FR (ICH6/ICH6R) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 03)

00:1f.1 IDE interface:             Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) IDE Controller (rev 03)

00:1f.2 IDE interface:             Intel Corporation 82801FB/FW (ICH6/ICH6W) SATA Controller (rev 03)

00:1f.3 SMBus:                 Intel Corporation 82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 03)

02:00.0 Ethernet controller:         Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5751 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express (rev 01)