ZooKeeper的持久化机制确保了数据的高可用性和一致性,即使在服务器重启或崩溃的情况下,数据也不会丢失。ZooKeeper通过两种主要的持久化机制来实现这一点:事务日志(Transaction Log)和快照(Snapshot)。
事务日志(Transaction Log):
快照(Snapshot):
以下是ZooKeeper持久化机制的简化代码示例,展示了事务日志和快照的基本实现。
import java.io.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
public class TransactionLog {
private File logFile;
private AtomicLong zxid;
public TransactionLog(String filePath) {
this.logFile = new File(filePath);
this.zxid = new AtomicLong(0);
}
public synchronized void append(String transaction) throws IOException {
try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(logFile, true);
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)) {
long id = zxid.incrementAndGet();
bw.write(id + ":" + transaction);
bw.newLine();
}
}
public void recover() throws IOException {
try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(logFile);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)) {
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
// Process each transaction
System.out.println("Recovering transaction: " + line);
}
}
}
}
import java.io.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Snapshot {
private File snapshotFile;
private Map<String, String> dataTree;
public Snapshot(String filePath) {
this.snapshotFile = new File(filePath);
this.dataTree = new HashMap<>();
}
public synchronized void takeSnapshot(Map<String, String> currentDataTree) throws IOException {
try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(snapshotFile);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos)) {
oos.writeObject(currentDataTree);
}
}
public void loadSnapshot() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
if (!snapshotFile.exists()) {
return;
}
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(snapshotFile);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis)) {
dataTree = (Map<String, String>) ois.readObject();
}
}
public Map<String, String> getDataTree() {
return dataTree;
}
}
下面是一个综合实例,展示如何使用事务日志和快照来实现持久化机制。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class ZooKeeperPersistence {
private TransactionLog transactionLog;
private Snapshot snapshot;
private Map<String, String> dataTree;
public ZooKeeperPersistence(String logFilePath, String snapshotFilePath) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
this.transactionLog = new TransactionLog(logFilePath);
this.snapshot = new Snapshot(snapshotFilePath);
this.dataTree = new HashMap<>();
// 恢复快照
snapshot.loadSnapshot();
dataTree.putAll(snapshot.getDataTree());
// 恢复事务日志
transactionLog.recover();
}
public synchronized void createNode(String path, String data) throws IOException {
dataTree.put(path, data);
transactionLog.append("create:" + path + ":" + data);
}
public synchronized void deleteNode(String path) throws IOException {
dataTree.remove(path);
transactionLog.append("delete:" + path);
}
public synchronized void updateNode(String path, String data) throws IOException {
dataTree.put(path, data);
transactionLog.append("update:" + path + ":" + data);
}
public synchronized void takeSnapshot() throws IOException {
snapshot.takeSnapshot(dataTree);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ZooKeeperPersistence zk = new ZooKeeperPersistence("transaction.log", "snapshot.dat");
zk.createNode("/example", "data1");
zk.updateNode("/example", "data2");
zk.deleteNode("/example");
// Take a snapshot
zk.takeSnapshot();
}
}
日志分段:
异步写入:
定期快照:
压缩存储:
通过合理的设计和优化,可以在保证数据一致性和高可用性的同时,尽量减少持久化机制对性能的影响。