【安装pytorch】

项目场景：

提示：这里简述项目相关背景：

例如：项目需求安装pytorch，安装神经网络环境配置。

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问题描述

提示：这里描述项目中遇到的问题：
安装pytorch
官网 https://pytorch.org/ 详细看官方提供的手册
安装时选择cuda11.8的版本（与电脑安装的驱动版本一致，需要提前安装好驱动）
pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118

C:\Users\14397>pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Looking in indexes: https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Requirement already satisfied: torch in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (2.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: torchvision in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (0.17.0)
Collecting torchaudio
  Using cached https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118/torchaudio-2.2.0%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (3.9 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.8.0 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torch) (4.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: sympy in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torch) (1.12)
Requirement already satisfied: networkx in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: jinja2 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: fsspec in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (2024.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torchvision) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: requests in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torchvision) (2.31.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow!=8.3.*,>=5.3.0 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torchvision) (10.2.0)
Collecting torch
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118/torch-2.2.0%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (2704.2 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╸━━━ 2.5/2.7 GB 1.6 MB/s eta 0:02:18
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 561, in read
    data = self._fp_read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 527, in _fp_read
    return self._fp.read(amt) if amt is not None else self._fp.read()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 98, in read
    data: bytes = self.__fp.read(amt)
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Python312\Lib\http\client.py", line 472, in read
    s = self.fp.read(amt)
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Python312\Lib\socket.py", line 707, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Python312\Lib\ssl.py", line 1249, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Python312\Lib\ssl.py", line 1105, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TimeoutError: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 180, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 245, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 377, in run
    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 95, in resolve
    result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 546, in resolve
    state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 427, in resolve
    failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name)
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 239, in _attempt_to_pin_criterion
    criteria = self._get_updated_criteria(candidate)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 230, in _get_updated_criteria
    self._add_to_criteria(criteria, requirement, parent=candidate)
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 173, in _add_to_criteria
    if not criterion.candidates:
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 156, in __bool__
    return bool(self._sequence)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 155, in __bool__
    return any(self)
           ^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 143, in <genexpr>
    return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 47, in _iter_built
    candidate = func()
                ^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 182, in _make_candidate_from_link
    base: Optional[BaseCandidate] = self._make_base_candidate_from_link(
                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 228, in _make_base_candidate_from_link
    self._link_candidate_cache[link] = LinkCandidate(
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 290, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 156, in __init__
    self.dist = self._prepare()
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 222, in _prepare
    dist = self._prepare_distribution()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 301, in _prepare_distribution
    return preparer.prepare_linked_requirement(self._ireq, parallel_builds=True)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 525, in prepare_linked_requirement
    return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 596, in _prepare_linked_requirement
    local_file = unpack_url(
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 168, in unpack_url
    file = get_http_url(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 109, in get_http_url
    from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\download.py", line 147, in __call__
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 53, in _rich_progress_bar
    for chunk in iterable:
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 63, in response_chunks
    for chunk in response.raw.stream(
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 622, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 560, in read
    with self._error_catcher():
  File "C:\Python312\Lib\contextlib.py", line 155, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(value)
  File "C:\Users\14397\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python312\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='download.pytorch.org', port=443): Read timed out.

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指令：

pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118

该命令是用来通过pip3（Python的包管理工具）安装PyTorch及其相关库torchvision和torchaudio的。具体来说，这个命令的作用如下：

1. pip3 install: 使用pip3来安装Python包。pip3是Python 3的包管理工具，用于从Python Package Index（PyPI）或其他源安装Python包。
2. torch: PyTorch是一个开源的深度学习库，广泛用于各种机器学习和深度学习应用。
3. torchvision: torchvision是PyTorch的一个扩展库，提供了计算机视觉中常用的数据集、模型、图像转换等功能。
4. torchaudio: torchaudio是另一个PyTorch的扩展库，专门用于音频处理。
5. --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118: 这个参数指定了pip3从哪个URL下载这些包。这里，它指定了一个特定的URL，该URL包含了为CUDA 11.8版本编译的PyTorch包。这意味着如果你的机器上安装了NVIDIA的CUDA 11.8版本，并且你有一块支持CUDA的NVIDIA显卡，那么这个命令将下载并安装与CUDA 11.8兼容的PyTorch版本。

总之，这个命令用于安装与CUDA 11.8兼容的PyTorch、torchvision和torchaudio库。这通常用于加速深度学习模型的训练和推理，特别是在具有NVIDIA GPU的计算机上。

原因分析：

提示：这里填写问题的分析：
网络问题：

继续装

C:\Users\14397>pip3 install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Looking in indexes: https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118
Requirement already satisfied: torch in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (2.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: torchvision in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (0.17.0)
Collecting torchaudio
  Using cached https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118/torchaudio-2.2.0%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (3.9 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.13.1)
Requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions>=4.8.0 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torch) (4.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: sympy in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torch) (1.12)
Requirement already satisfied: networkx in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: jinja2 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (3.1.3)
Requirement already satisfied: fsspec in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torch) (2024.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torchvision) (1.26.4)
Requirement already satisfied: requests in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from torchvision) (2.31.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow!=8.3.*,>=5.3.0 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from torchvision) (10.2.0)
Collecting torch
  Downloading https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118/torch-2.2.0%2Bcu118-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (2704.2 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.7/2.7 GB 1.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=2.0 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from jinja2->torch) (2.1.5)
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<4,>=2 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from requests->torchvision) (3.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from requests->torchvision) (3.6)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from requests->torchvision) (2.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in c:\users\14397\appdata\roaming\python\python312\site-packages (from requests->torchvision) (2024.2.2)
Requirement already satisfied: mpmath>=0.19 in c:\python312\lib\site-packages (from sympy->torch) (1.3.0)
Installing collected packages: torch, torchaudio
  Attempting uninstall: torch
    Found existing installation: torch 2.2.0
    Uninstalling torch-2.2.0:
      Successfully uninstalled torch-2.2.0

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安装成功。

解决方案：

网络问题，继续装看运气。