赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 055 More Is Not Always Better 多未必佳

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I. Reading 阅读

Some people have more money than others. However, they're not necessarily happier. On the other hand, some people are as poor as church mice, but they are happy. In a way, these poor people are as rich as kings. Therefore, I always remember my father's words, "More is not always better."

有些人比别人有钱。不过，他们未必就比较快乐。另一方面，有些人穷得要命，可他们却很快乐。就某方面而言，这些穷人却像国王一样富有。因此，我始终记得父亲的话：“多未必佳。”

II. Vocabulary&ldioms 单词短语注解

1. than [ðæn] conj. 比......
   例: He is more knowledgeable than his father.
   (他比他父亲更有学问。)
2. however [haʊ'ɛvɚ] adv. 不过
   例: John is neither handsome nor rich. However, he is nice.
   (约翰既不英俊又不富有,不过他人很好。)
3. not necessarily 未必
   necessarily [,nɛsə'sɛrəli] adv. 必然地
   例: The boss isn't necessarily always right.
   (老板未必永远，是对的。)
4. as poor as a church mouse(与单数主语并用)
   as poor as church mice(与复数主语并用)
   *穷得像教堂里的老鼠一样，比喻“穷得要命”。
   church [tʃɝtʃ] n.教堂
   例: The businessman lost everything he had and is now as poor as a church mouse.
   (那个商人失去所有的东西,现在穷得要命。)
5. king [kɪŋ] n.国王
6. remember [rɪ'mɛmbɚ] vt. 记住
   例: Mary remembered my birthday.
   (玛丽记得我的生日。)
7. words [wɝdz] n. (某人所说的)话 (word的复数)
   例: I don't believe his words. He is a liar.
   (我不相信他的话,他是个骗子。
8. more [mɔr] a.更多的(much的比较级)&adv.更加&pron.更多的份量
   例: I have more friends than you.
   (我的朋友比你多。)
   *本句中的more是形容词。
   She is more beautiful than Mary.
   (她比玛丽更漂亮。)
   *本句中的more是副词。
   He has a lot of money, but she has more.
   (他固然钱很多，但她的钱却更多。)
   *本句中的more是代词，等于more money。

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

本课主要介绍"more...than..."(比······更······)及"as...as..."(和······一样······)的用法。

1. Some people have more money than others.
   (有些人比别人有钱。)
   此处的than为从属连词，引导状语从句，修饰之前的比较级形容词或副词。
   本句中的状语从句than others修饰其前的比较级形容词more。than others原本应为than others do, do为助动词，代替之前主句中相同的动词have，此
   处do已省略。兹将than引导的状语从句中动词省略的法则陈述如下：
   a. 主句有be动词时，从句亦应使用be动词，该be动词通常予以省略。
   例: She is more beautiful than you do. ( X )
   →She is more beautiful than you are. ( O )
   =She is more beautiful than you.
   (她比你美。)
   b. 主句有一般动词时，从句理应使用相同的动词，但为了避免重复，该动词应按时态及人称改为do、does或did；而do、does或did通常亦予以省略。
   例: He studies harder than I study. ( 劣,study与studies重复。)
   →He studies harder than I do. ( 佳, 由于study是现在式，故改用do取代。)
   =He studies harder than I.
   (他比我用功。)
   He came back earlier than I came back. (劣，came back重复)
   → He came back earlier than I did. (佳，由于came是过去式，故改用did。)
   = He came back earlier than I.
   (他比我早回来。)
   由上得知
   Some people have(动词) more money than others have(动词). ( 劣, have 重复。 )
   Some people have more money than others do. ( 佳 )
   =Some people have more money than others.
2. Some people have more money than others.
   (有些人比别人有钱。)
   本句中的others [ʌðɚz]是代词，等于other people。some亦可作代词，等于some people。
   some...others... 有些人......有些人......
   例: People have different hobbies. Some like to go swimming, and others are fond of dancing.
   (人的爱好各有不同。有些人喜欢游泳，有些人则喜欢跳舞。)
3. Some people are as poor as church mice.
   (有些人穷得像教堂里的老鼠一样——穷得要命。)
   In a way, these poor people are as rich as kings.
   (就某方面而言，这些穷人像国王一样富有。)
   以上两句均使用“as...as...”(和········一样地······)。
   这种“as...as...”的句子结构-·定要有形容词或副词方可使用。
   因为第一个as是副词，译成“一样地”，之后须接形容词或副词以供该as修饰，第二个as则为从属连词，译成“和”，之后接主语及动词，形成状语从句，修饰第一个as。但和than引导的状语从句一样，第二个as之后的动词为避免与主句的动词重复而省略。省略的原则与than引导的状语从句完全一样。
   a. 主句有be动词时，从句亦应使用be动词，该be动词通常予以省略。
   例: She is as beautiful as you do. ( X )
   → She is as beautiful as you are. ( O )
   =She is as beautiful as you.
   (她跟你一样美。)
   b. 主句有一般动词时，状语从句里理应使用相同的动词，但为了避免重复，该动词应按时态及人称改为do、does或did；而do、does或did通常亦予以省略。
   例: He studies as hard as I study. ( 劣， study与studies重复。)
   →He studies as hard as I do. (佳, 由于study是现在式，故改由do取代。)
   =He studies as hard as I.
   (他跟我一样用功。)
   He came back as early as I came back. (劣，came back重复。)
   →He came back as early as I did. ( 佳, 由于came是过去式，故用did取代。)
   = He came back as early as I.
   (他和我一样早回来。)

IV. Substitution 替换

1. Some people have more money than others (do).
   Paul has more friends than I (do).
   My sister is fatter than I (am).
   Jim finished his test earlier than Mary (did).
   (有些人比别人有钱。)
   (保罗的朋友比我的多。)
   (我妹妹比我胖。)
   (吉姆比玛丽早做完考卷。)
2. These poor people are as rich as kings (are).
   I have as much money as my brother (does).
   Today is as cold as yesterday (was).
   A horse isn't as big as an elephant (is).
   (这些穷人像国王一样富有。)
   (我的钱和我哥哥一样多。)
   (今天和昨天一样冷。)
   (马不像大象那样大。)

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